Impacts of two types of El Niño on atmospheric circulation in the Southern Hemisphere

Based on NCEP/NCAR （National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmo- spheric Research） reanalysis data from 1979 to 2010, the impacts of two types of E1 Nino on atmospheric circulation in the Southern Hemisphere （SH） are analyzed. It is shown thaL when a warming event occurs in the equatorial eastern Pacific （EP E1 Nino）, there is a negative sea level pressure （SLP） anomaly in the east- ern Pacific and a positive one in the western Pacific. Besides, there exists a negative anomaly between 40°S and 60°S and a positive anomaly to the south of 60°S. When a warming event in the central Pacific （CP E1 Nino） occurs, there appears a negative SLP anomaly in the central Pacific and a positive SLP anomaly in the eastern and western Pacific, but the SLP anomalies are not so evident in the SH extratropics. In particular, the Pacific-South America （PSA） pattern induced by the CP E1 Nino is located more northwestward, with a weaker anomaly compared with the EP E1 Nino. This difference is directly related with the different position of heating centers associated with the two types of E1 Nino events. Because the SST anomaly associated with CP E1 Nino is located more westward than that associated with EP El Nino, the related heating center tends to move westward and the response of SH atmospheric circulation to the tropical heating changes accordingly, thus exciting a different position of the PSA pattern. It is also noted that the local meridional cell plays a role in the SH high latitudes during EP E1 Nino. The anomalous ascending motion due to the enhancement of convection over the eastern Pacific leads to an enhancement of the local Hadley cell and the meridional cell in the middle and high latitudes, which in turn induces an anomalous descending motion and the related positive anomaly of geopotential height over the Amundsen-Bellingshausen Sea.     

基于GIS的云南保山小流域土地利用变化研究

随着全球变暖趋势的增强,土地利用变化是全球变化中的重要组成部分。土地利用变化研究尤其是空间变化研究就成为了研究者非常关心的问题。以云南省保山杨柳小流域土地利用变化的实例分析,详细阐述了GIS的空间分析方法及其在土地利用变化研究中的应用。利用转移矩阵研究结果显示:该小流域农地总变化量最大,其次是有林地和荒山,变化最小的是水体和未利用地,有林地和未成林造林地以交换变化为主,水体和居民地净变化为主;从新增的角度来说,农地转化为有林地最具有转换优势,其次是农地转换为荒山;从流失的去向看,牧地转换为农地最具转换优势,其次是农地转换为牧地。     

城市承载力分区方法研究

城市承载力分区以城市系统为分区对象,从资源环境与经济人口协调发展的角度出发,运用生态学和地理学理论,在分析城市承载力空间分异规律的基础上,将区域空间划分为不同类型承载区.城市承载力分区是进行城市规划和建设的基础性工作,是城市在由无序蔓延向有序发展转变时期的特殊需要.本文对城市承载力分区的理论、方法、指标体系等进行了初步...     

Small observatories for the UV

We describe concepts for small space telescopes that are able to provide significant UV science and can be realized with small (but realistic) budgets. The concepts are based on nano-satellites carrying small optics, with no redundancy, without producing intermediate models prior to flight model, and using COTS (custom off-the-shelf) components. We describe a few concepts of deployable optics that could provide large collecting areas and high angular resolution while packaged in the small volume of a nano-satellite. We point out areas where technological development is still required.     

Approximate Analytic Solutions of the Averaged Three-Body Problem at First-Order Resonance with Large Oblateness of the Central Planet

For the general spatial planetary three-body problem at first-order mean motion resonance under the large oblateness of the central planet, the analytic solutions of the averaged motion are obtained with the help of the Weierstrass functions accurate to the third-degree terms in the satellites' eccentricities and inclinations. The behavior of solutions is investigated on the phase plane.This revised version was published online in October 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Calculation of Ecological Footprint Based on Modified Method and Quantitative Analysis of Its Impact Factors ——A Case Study of Shanghai

1 Introduction The publication of UNDPI (The United Nation Devel- opment and Planning Indices) in May 1990 has brought about an on-going search for the system of “sustainable development”, which is also one of hot topics in China (Wackernagel et al., 1999; Vuuren and Smeets, 2000). Regretfully, the difficulty in quantifying sustainable de- velopment resulted in a slow progress in those researches. In the past a few years, however, ecological footprint (EF) analysis (Rees, 1992; Wackn…     

天文用2K×2K高速CMOS相机的研制与测试结果

高性能CMOS成像器件的技术近年来发展迅速,与长期在天文观测中占统治地位的CCD器件相比,CMOS在读出速度、功耗、空间应用的可靠性等方面具有一定的优势。为了探索CMOS成像器件在天文领域中的应用,我们以Fillfactory公司最新的高速、大面阵CMOS芯片LUPA 4000为基础,研制了一台天文相机并对其进行了测试。本文简要介绍了CMOS成像器件的概述,相机软、硬件系统的组成,以及在实验室条件下得到的读出噪声、增益、线性和增益等若干测试结果。     

不协调决策表的规则提取

对决策表数据的性质、数据之间的关系进行了讨论,并由此对决策表进行了分类.讨论了不协调决策表的数据约简,并证明其不影响属性约简和规则提取.基于数据的协调性,对不协调决策表的属性约简进行了研究,并提出了一种规则提取方法.最后,用实例验证了方法的有效性.