黑龙江省卫星-安全地区水系沉积物测量地球化学特征及找矿方向

鹿鸣钼矿床位于黑龙江省卫星-安全地区,该地区水系沉积物发育.引入了常用的统计学方法,对鹿鸣钼矿床所在的卫星-安全地区水系沉积物地球化学特征与成矿关系进行了研究,得出结论:① Mo形成大型矿床的可能性最大;Au也有成矿的可能,但规模不会太大.② Mo与Sb、Cu、Pb、Zn、W属于同一因子,Mo经历了多期次成矿;Au与Ag及As属于同一因子.③ 通过对水系沉积物异常的研究,划分了4个成矿远景区,并新发现了钼矿体,印证了本区Mo的找矿前景良好.     

The Origins of Yakutian Eclogite Xenoliths

Owing to the association with diamonds, eclogite xenoliths havereceived disproportionate attention given their low abundancein kimberlites. Several hypotheses have been advanced for theorigin of eclogite xenoliths, from the subduction and high-pressuremelting of oceanic crust, to cumulates and liquids derived fromthe upper mantle. We have amassed a comprehensive data set,including major- and trace-element mineral chemistry, carbonisotopes in diamonds, and Rb–Sr, Sm–Nd, Re–Os,and oxygen isotopes in ultrapure mineral and whole-rock splitsfrom eclogites of the Udachnaya kimberlite pipe, Yakutia, Russia.Furthermore, eclogites from two other Yakutian kimberlite pipes,Mir and Obnazhennaya, have been studied in detail and offercontrasting images of eclogite protoliths. Relative to eclogitesfrom southern Africa and other Yakutian localities, Udachnayaeclogites are notable in the absence of chemical zoning in mineralgrains, as well as the degree of light rare earth element (LREE)depletion and unradiogenic Sr; lack of significant oxygen, sulfur,and carbon isotopic variation relative to the mantle; and intermineralradiogenic isotopic equilibration. Several of these eclogitescould be derived from ancient, recycled, oceanic crust, butmany others exhibit no evidence for an oceanic crustal protolith.The apparent lack of stable-isotope variation in the Udachnayaeclogites could be due to the antiquity of the samples and consequentlack of deep oceanic and biogenically diverse environments atthat time. Those eclogites that are interpreted to be non-recycledhave compositions characteristic of Group A eclogites from otherlocalities that also have been interpreted as being directlyfrom the mantle. At least two separate and diverse isotopicreservoirs are suggested by Nd isotopic whole-rock reconstructions.Most samples were derived from typical depleted mantle. However,two groups of three samples each indicate both enriched mantleand possible ultra-depleted mantle present beneath Yakutia duringthe late Archean and early Proterozoic. The vast majority ofeclogites studied from the Obnazhennaya pipe also exhibit characteristicsof Group A eclogites and are probably derived directly fromthe mantle. However, the eclogites from the Mir kimberlite aremore typical of other eclogites world-wide and show convincingevidence of a recycled, oceanic crustal affinity. We concurwith the late Ted Ringwood that eclogites can be formed in avariety of ways, both within the mantle and from oceanic crustalresidues. KEY WORDS: diamonds; eclogite xenoliths; isotopic composition; REE; Yakutia     

电、磁综合方法在南方硬岩型铀矿勘查中的应用

介绍了几个音频大地电磁法和高精度磁测方法在华南白面石地区硬岩型铀矿上的勘查实例.应用结果表明,这两种方法优势互补,综合使用可较好地探测深部地质构造(如火山盆地基底埋深、断裂构造、火山机构等),为南方硬岩型铀矿供深找盲、外围扩大提供有效技术手段.     

秦岭特长隧道涌水量的预测研究

论述了模糊聚类理论用于隧道涌水量预测的基本思路与方法, 提出了影响隧道涌水量的主要因素及其量化公式, 并以秦岭特长隧道 (Ⅱ线)为对象, 预测出其涌水量介于 1.0~ 3.0m³/d·m之间, 与该隧道开挖后的实际涌水量 2.07m³/d·m基本吻合, 从而证明了用该方法进行预测的合理性。     

地震空区法在大地震危险性初判中的应用——以青藏高原东南缘为例

以ARCGIS系列软件和VS 2010、SQL Server 2008为平台, 通过融合集成活动构造、地震地质和国家基础地理信息, 在初步建立的青藏高原东南缘活动构造空间数据库系统基础上, 利用地震围空区方法, 针对研究区进行区域大地震危险性中长期预测分析。通过地震信息分时间、分震级的整理与数据输出, 分析汇总了11例M≥7.0大震震例的地震空区活动图像以及围空区发震震级与围空区特征与参数。在总结出的经验公式基础上, 进一步利用1950-2012年的M≥5.0地震数据, 对该区地震围空区的发生与发育状况进行了初步分析与研究, 并对未来可能发生大震的发震位置及震级进行了综合分析。研究结果表明, 玉树-鲜水河-小江断裂带所围限的青藏高原东南缘地区存在6个比较突出的与区域重要的晚第四纪活动构造带或断裂带相对应的大地震围空区, 分别是错那-沃卡裂谷, 东喜马拉雅构造结, 安宁河-则木河断裂, 南汀河断裂-红河断裂, 畹町断裂-南汀河断裂, 澜沧-景洪断裂东段。这些围空区中主要活动断裂带的晚第四纪活动性与历史地震活动状况也都显示出未来几年至几十年存在发生大地震的危险性, 在今后的地震预报工作中应给予特别关注。应用实践表明, 通过活动构造数据库的建设可快速有效地实现对区域大地震围空区的动态分析、辨别及大地震危险性初判。      

A drowned lycopsid forest above the Mahoning coal (Conemaugh Group, Upper Pennsylvanian) in eastern Ohio, U.S.A.

Over 800 mud-filled casts of upright lycopsid tree stumps have been documented immediately above the Mahoning coal in an active underground mine located in northwestern Jefferson County, Ohio. The coal body originated as a pod-shaped peat body of 60 km². Trees are rooted at several levels within a thin (15–40 cm) bone coal directly above the banded coal; they extend upward up to 15 cm into overlying, flat-bedded, carbonaceous mudstones that coarsen up. From a maximum basal diameter of 1.2 m, stumps taper upward to diameters no less than 0.3 m. Within single-entry transects, < 6 m wide that total 2585 m in length, stumps are randomly distributed. The trees are identified as lepidodenrids on the basis of gross morphology, external stem patterns, and attached stigmarian root systems, and provisionally as Lepidophloios or Lepidodendron by associated palynology of the enclosing matrix. Palynological analyses of incremental seam samples indicate an initial dominance of lycopsid spores with lepidodendracean affinities (Lycospora granulata from Lepidophloios hallii), replaced upwards by tree-fern spores, with a reoccurrence of lepidodendracean spores in the upper benches: spores of Sigillaria (Crassispora) are abundant only at the base of the coal. Petrographic analyses indicate a prallel trend from vitrinite-rich to inertinite- and liptinite-rich upward in the coal body. All data indicate that the peat represented by the Mahoning coal was drowned slowly. During the earliest stages of inundation, a lycopsid forest was re-established, only to be subsequently drowned.     

气象因子对洪湖有机氯农药大气沉降的影响

对洪湖进行了为期一年(2005年2月-2006年2月)的大气沉降采样,采用被动大气采样方法对大气沉降中的有机氯农药进行了分析,得到该年通过大气沉降向洪湖输入有机氯农药9.77 kg,其中大气颗粒态沉降量为2.74 kg,湿沉降量为7.03kg。大气沉降中六六六(HCHs)和滴滴涕(DDTs)的沉降量最大。将所获气象数据和各季度有机氯农药大气沉降量进行了相关性分析,结果表明:①气象因子对湿沉降的相关性较大气颗粒态沉降的明显,其中降雨量、平均温度、平均风速与湿沉降量的相关系数最高;②风速、温度、日照对有机氯农药在气相溶解态和大气颗粒态分配影响强烈,而温度是决定有机氯农药在大气中以何种形式沉降的主要因素;③由于降雨的前锋时段具备有效的强沉降能力,使得连续性降雨频次对大气沉降影响强烈。