俄罗斯典型城市扩张时空格局与驱动机制——基于遥感决策融合与多元离散回归模型

本研究以社会经济发展统计数据和多源遥感影像数据为基础,通过决策融合遥感解译方法、多元离散回归模型、质心迁移、扇形分析法等,重点考察了伊尔库茨克(Irkutsk)、新西伯利亚(Novosibirsk)、叶卡捷琳堡(Yekaterinburg)分别在1990年、2000年、2010年、2018年城市不透水面的扩张特征,探讨了不同城市扩张的自然环境变化与社会经济发展耦合作用与驱动机制。首先不同城市的扩张方向、强度、速度、模式上存在显著时空差异,三个城市分别呈现“快速增长-增长-慢速增长”“增长-增长-慢速增长”“慢速增长-增长-慢速增长”发展趋势,其中叶卡捷琳堡扩张强度最高。而城市新增不透水面的扩张类型以蔓延式和跳跃式扩张为主,填充式扩张所占比重较小。其次典型城市扩张主要发展方向不同,伊尔库茨克城市扩张特征由南北发展向转为放射状发展,新西伯利亚由东西向发展向正西方向发展,叶卡捷琳堡城市扩张特征由放射状发展向西南方向发展,其发展方向与其自然、区位以及社会因素有关,其中自然因素和区位因素是俄罗斯三类典型城市扩张的主导因素。最后文章阐述不同类型的俄罗斯城市其发展方向与城市发展潜力,为其同类型城市发展提供科学管理依据。伊尔库茨克借助丰富旅游资源重视城市内旅游产业发展,新西伯利亚由于历史问题,对城市内外部交通网络布局提出更高标准规划,叶卡捷琳堡作为俄罗斯国内较发达城市,可加强和周边城市联系形成具有联动作用的城市群。对中国东北地区同类型城市发展规划有着一定的启示意义,包括加强发展紧凑城市、注重交通设施建设、加强周边城市联动、发展旅游等。     

长白山区植被生长季NDVI时空变化及其对气候因子敏感性

本文利用长白山区SPOT/VGT NDVI 数据和气象数据,分析该区不同植被类型NDVI时空变化特征以及与气候因子的相关关系,并探讨了植被对气候变化响应的滞后性。结果表明：①2000-2009 年,长白山区植被NDVI 逐年变化总体呈增长趋势,增长区域的面积占全区面积的83.91%,在空间上主要集中在北坡和西坡,NDVI减少区域集中在南坡;②NDVI变化率随季节和植被类型变化而不同,NDVI增长主要集中在5 月和9 月,而7 月NDVI变化较小,甚至出现下降趋势;③植被NDVI与温度和降水存在着显著的正相关性（p<0.01）,且NDVI与温度的相关性高于与降水的相关性,且随海拔升高,NDVI与温度相关性增强;④NDVI对气温和降水变化的响应存在滞后期, 不同植被类型,滞后期存在差异。苔原NDVI对温度和降水响应的滞后期大约10 天,而针阔混交林和针叶林NDVI 对温度和降水响应的滞后期约为20 天。     

黄河流域气候变化研究综述

黄河流域从西到东跨越多省,地形复杂,作为中国生态安全战略格局的重要组成部分,是中国气候变化敏感区和生态环境脆弱区.本文主要综述了在气候变暖背景下,黄河流域气候变化特征、影响以及成因和对策建议的最新研究进展:(1)近60年黄河流域气温呈上升趋势,平均升温速率为0.30℃/10a,上游升温速率最大,下游次之,冬季升温趋势最...     

《金史·地理志》城市行政建制疏漏及补正研究

唐末五代以来,城市行政管理机构发生了重要变化,这就是金代明确出现的具有独立行政职能,但等级规模不同的城市行政管理机构警巡院、录事司和司候司.作为金代与县平行的城市行政管理机构,其官制在《金史·百官志》中具有明确记载,但与县平行的城市行政建置却被《金史·地理志》疏漏,这一问题值得学界研究并加以补正.     

Diversity of Plant Resources in Qunli National Urban Wetland Park in Harbin,China

Wetland parks play various ecological roles, including maintaining regional ecological balance, and connoting and compensating water sources. Taking Harbin Qunli National Urban Wetland Park as the research object, the diversity of plant resources in wetland parks is investigated and analyzed with the goal of providing a scientific basis for ecological restoration and the conservation and utilization of urban wetlands. Field survey, sampling and data collection methods were used to study the wetland plant resources and their life types (e.g., vines or shrubs), ecological types and distribution types. The study found 60 families, 129 genera and 160 species of wetland plants in Qunli National Urban Wetland Park, including 56 families, 123 genera and 151 species of angiosperms, which include 48 families, 101 genera and 127 species of dicotyledons and 8 families, 22 genera and 24 species of monocotyledons; 2 families, 2 genera and 3 species of ferns; and 2 families, 4 genera and 6 species of gymnosperms. The family composition is dominated by those families that included 10 or more species, and the dominant families are Compositae and Rosaceae. The genus composition is dominated by genera with four or more species present, and the dominant genera are Acer, Malus and Artemisia. Among the six life types, herbaceous plants are dominant, with a proportion of 62.50% of the species. The ecological types are divided into three categories: wet, mesophytic and aquatic plants, with wet plants accounting for the largest proportion, i.e., 56.25% of the total number of plant species. There are five distribution types of plant families and 10 types of the genera, with both families and genera dominated by the Northern Temperate types, so the flora has obvious temperate characteristics.     

1960-2007年中国地表潜在蒸散发敏感性的时空变化(英文)

Potential evapotranspiration (E0), as an estimate of the evaporative demand of the atmosphere, has been widely studied in the fields of irrigation management, crop water demand and predictions in ungauged basins (PUBs). Analysis of the sensitivity of E0 to meteorological factors is a basic research on the impact of climate change on water resources, and also is important to the optimal allocation of agricultural water resources. This paper dealt with sensitivity of E0 over China, which was divided into ten drainage systems, including Songhua River basin, Liaohe River basin, Haihe River basin, Yellow River basin, Yangtze River basin, Pearl River basin, Huaihe River drainage system, Southeast river drainage system, Northwest river drainage system and Southwest river drainage system. In addition, the calculation method of global radiation in Penman-Monteith formula was improved by optimization, and the sensitivities of Penman-Monteith potential evapotranspiration to the daily maximum temperature (STmax), daily minimum temperature (STmin), wind speed (SU2), global radiation (SRs) and vapor pressure (SVP) were calculated and analyzed based on the long-term meteorological data from 653 meteorological stations in China during the period 1960-2007. Results show that: (1) the correlation coefficient between E0 and pan evaporation increased from 0.61 to 0.75. E0 had the decline trends in eight of ten drainage systems in China, which indicates that "pan evaporation paradox" commonly exists in China from 1960 to 2007. (2) Spatially, Tmax was the most sensitive factor in Haihe River basin, Yellow River basin, Huaihe River drainage system, Yangtze River basin, Pearl River basin and Southeast river drainage system, and VP was the most sensitive factor in Songhua River Basin, Liaohe River basin, Northwest river drainage system while Rs was the most sensitive factor in Southwest river drainage system. For the nation-wide average, the most sensitive factor was VP, followed by Tmax, Rs, U2 and Tmin. In addition, the changes in sensitivity coefficients had a certain correlation with elevation. (3) Temporally, the maximum values of STmax and SRs occurred in July, while the maximum values of STmin, SVP and SU2 occurred in January. Moreover, trend analysis indicates that STmax had decline trends, while STmin, SU2, SRs and SVP had increasing trends.     

都市旅游视角下上海市共享住宿空间分布特征及其影响机制

随着共享经济蓬勃发展,依托互联网平台的共享住宿业态也逐渐成熟,对社会经济发展产生了深刻影响.在都市和乡村共享住宿市场分异背景下,已有研究集中探讨了乡村民宿空间分布特征及影响因素,但对都市地区共享住宿分布特征的探讨有所忽视.都市地区共享住宿与以观光、购物、文化体验等为特征的都市旅游活动关联密切.论文基于途家网的上海共享住...     

反思地标在旅游中对地方形象的表述——以玉溪红塔山为例

从符号学视角阐释红塔山成为玉溪市地标的原因,并结合Dean MacCannell“景观神圣化”的5个阶段分析红塔山地标景观吸引力的构建过程,即地方地标景观如何实现旅游化。通过实地调查,采用访谈法了解游客对红塔山地标景观的符号解读及感知的地方形象。研究表明红塔山地标作为一个文化符号可以通过其景观文化与实践活动来表述地方形象。但地标景观的表述功能受地标景观外在形态、地标景观所承载的文化意义、地标景观所处的时代背景、公众对地标景观的认知以及地标景观所承担的空间功能等因素的制约,地标景观所表述的地方形象与真实的地方形象存在错位。     

呼伦贝尔沙地北部沙带植物群落分布格局与土壤特性的关系

研究呼伦贝尔沙地植物群落与土壤特征相互关系有助于促进中国北方的生态恢复与重建工作。分析了呼伦贝尔沙地北部沙带58个样地174个样方的植物和土壤的调查数据,调查到94种植物,分属于26科64属,其中菊科（Compositae）、禾本科（Gramineae）、豆科（Leguminosae）和蔷薇科（Rosaceae）为前四大科,占总物种数55.33%。采用Ward系统分类法,将所调查植被分为4类。寸草薹-二裂委陵菜群落（Carex duriuscula-Potentilla bifurca） Tsallis多样性最高,冰草-星毛委陵菜-糙隐子草群落（Agropyron cristatum-Potentilla acaulis-Cleistogenes squarrosa） Tsallis多样性最低。不同植物群落间土壤物理特性有显著差异,化学特征差异不显著。随着土层深度的增加,各群落土壤全氮、全磷、有机质含量逐渐降低,表聚现象明显,脚薹草-贝加尔针茅群落（Carex pediformis-Stipa baicalensis）和冰草-星毛委陵菜-糙隐子草群落养分层次特征显著,羊草群落（Leymus chinensis）和寸草薹-二裂委陵菜群落养分层次特征不明显。CCA排序结果表明影响植被群落物种分布的土壤因子有全氮、全磷、有机质、pH和土壤水分,其中深层土壤全氮、全磷、有机质（20~40 cm土层）的作用最显著。呼伦贝尔沙地北部沙带植物群落分布存在较显著差异,呈现出斑块状分布规律,而土壤养分对植被群落格局具有重要影响。     

不同树种叶片养分含量提取的高光谱方法及精度评价

以深圳市坝光银叶园和大鹏半岛自然保护区19种湿地森林树种叶片可见光近红外光谱与全氮（Total Nitrogen, TN）、全磷（Total Phosphorus, TP）、全钾（Total Potassium, TK）含量关系为基础,分析了11种光谱预处理方式、3种光谱数据降维方式和2种建模方法对模型精度的影响。结果表明,标准正态变换（Standard Normal Variate, SNV）结合一阶导数（first derivative, 1 ^st）预处理方式下模型精度最高;主成分分析（Principal Component Analysis, PCA）降维处理对模型的降维效果最好;支持向量回归（Support Vector Regression, SVR）的建模效果精度最高。对于TN、TP、TK最佳模型的预测确定系数均在0.80以上,模型RPD值也在2.0以上,SVR模型可以用于树种叶片TN、TP、TK的快速检测。