基于GIS的武汉市长江新城地下空间资源质量评估

地下空间开发是当下城市建设的热点.为服务于长江新城地下空间规划建设,在多要素城市地质调查所获取的大量基础数据和成果资料的基础上,结合GIS技术,开展长江新城地下空间资源质量评价,得到长江新城不同深度的地下空间资源质量分区图.结果表明：浅层、次浅层地下空间资源质量总体为良—优,且西南侧明显不如东侧和北侧,主要受现有地下构筑物、软土及地下水等因素的影响;次深层、深层地下空间资源质量总体为中—良,主要受开发深度、岩溶及岩体开挖难度的影响.     

煤炭智能开采地质保障技术及展望

煤炭智能开采是我国煤炭工业在新一轮技术变革下的战略选择,是实现煤矿安全高效生产的必由之路,地质保障技术可为煤炭智能开采提供准确可靠的地质数据支撑,且能有效探查隐蔽致灾地质因素以减少煤矿生产灾害事故的发生.我国煤炭地质保障技术从服务于资源勘查、高产高效矿井建设到服务于煤矿安全高效生产,从基础地质勘查工作、GIS系统到隐蔽...     

个旧锡矿——红海型热水沉积登陆的实例

“层间氧化矿”是个旧锡矿的主要矿石类型,大部分具有特征的层控性,传统的观点认为“层间氧化矿”是原生硫化矿石在后期被雨水氧化而形成,已有部分地质研究者注意到了“层间氧化矿”的特殊性并提出它们是沉积成因或热水沉积成因。根据个旧锡矿的矿床特征与红海型热水沉积的对比,结合稀土元素地球化学研究,本文认为个旧锡矿存在的“层间氧化矿”的原生矿化类型是特殊的红海型热水沉积,以大量铁锰氧化物为主要成矿标志。个旧锡矿可能是目前红海型热水沉积作用登陆的唯一实例,其成矿模式可概括为三叠纪拉张形成多层原生红海型热水沉积矿化,燕山期花岗岩侵入改造;进而提出通过系统岩相古地理研究以确定古扩张中心和古卤水盆地中心的找矿模式。     

基于高分辨率数值天气模式的往返平飘式探空轨迹预测方法及初步评估

为了开展往返平飘式探空组网观测的仿真和模拟,以及评估组网观测对数值天气预报的影响,并实现往返平飘式探空在目标观测中的应用,本文提出了一种基于高分辨率数值天气模式的往返平飘式探空轨迹模拟和预报方法.基于我国自主研发的GRAPES区域高分辨率模式,初步建立了往返平飘式探空的轨迹预报系统.该系统将往返平飘式探空的上升段、平漂...     

天文星表入库的自动化

天文数据主要包括星表、星图、光谱、文献资料等,其中星表是包含天体信息的数据表格,是天文学家最常用到的天文数据。目前天文数据分布存储在全球各个数据中心。中国最大的天文数据中心是北京天文数据中心,其数据库的重要部分是天文星表数据库。本文阐述了建设天文星表数据库的意义,着重探讨了星表自动入库工具的实现,并介绍了在天文星表数据库基础上的数据融合和数据挖掘。     

Effects of afforestation on carbon storage in Boyang Lake Basin, China

By using field survey data from the sixth forest inventory of Jiangxi Province in 2003, the biomass and carbon storage for three studied species （Pinus massoniana, Cunninghamia lanceolata, and Pinus elliottii） were estimated in Taihe and Xingguo counties of Boyang Lake Basin, Jiangxi Province, China. The relationship between carbon density and forest age was analyzed by logistic equations. Spatio-temporal dynamics of forest biomass and carbon storage in 1985-2003 were also described. The results show that total stand area of the three forest species was 3.10 × 10^5 ha, total biomass 22.20 Tg, vegetation carbon storage 13.07 Tg C, and average carbon density 42.36 Mg C/ha in the study area in 2003. Carbon storage by forest type in descending order was： P. massoniana, C. lanceolata and P. elliottii. Carbon storage by forest age group in descending order was： middle stand, young stand, near-mature stand and mature stand. Carbon storage by plantation forests was 1.89 times higher than that by natural forests. Carbon density of the three species increased 8.58 Mg C/ha during the study period. The carbon density of Taihe County was higher in the east and west, and lower in the middle. The carbon density of Xingguo County was higher in the northeast and lower in the middle. In general, the carbon density increased with altitude and gradient. Afforestation projects contribute significantly to increasing stand area and carbon storage. Appropriate forest management may improve the carbon sequestration capacity of forest ecosystems.     

湖北省近地层风切变特征

为准确掌握湖北省平原湖区近地层风切变特征,利用27座离地高度为120～150m测风塔各1年的逐时测风数据,研究了70～120m间风切变的时空变化特征。结果表明:(1)风切变指数具有明显的季节、日变化特征,普遍在秋冬季最小、夏季较大,夜间大、白天小;(2)位于平原湖区和山区的测风塔在70～120m间的年平均风切变指数分别为0.27和0.12。各塔风切变指数从70m至150m逐渐减小;(3)6座典型测风塔70～120m风切变指数在较稳定状态下的频率最高,为59%～75%;在不稳定条件下的频率最低,均不超过5%;(4)当70m风速在3.0m/s以下、3.0～10.0m/s及10.0m/s以上3个区段时,风切变指数由小变大,在3.0～10.0m/s风速段与年平均风切变指数最接近,10.0m/s以上风切变指数离散性最强;(5)分别推算出实测和数值模拟的风切变指数,中部平原地区实测值明显高于模拟值,总体偏差范围是-0.06～0.14。该结论可用于近地层低风速地区不同高度的风速推算或订正,以提高这类地区风能资源评价、开发规划、风电场选址的科学性以及风电功率预测的准确性。     

山东蒙山峨峪口砾石堤的成因类型和泥石流发生历史

地貌学和沉积学证据表明,山东蒙山地质灾害遗迹分布广泛,通常以砾石堆积堤及河谷堆积阶地的形式保留在现代河床之上.其中,峨峪口砾石堤在蒙山具有典型性和代表性.探明峨峪口砾石堤的成因类型和发生历史,对中国东部(105°E以东)第四纪环境变化、气候地貌过程具有重要的科学研究和科普教育价值.2020年10月和2021年2月,笔者...     

变网格模式LMDZ对1998年夏季东亚季节内振荡的模拟

本文利用法国国家科研中心(CNRS)动力气象实验室(LMD)发展的变网格大气环流模式LMDZ4,对1998年夏季东亚季节内振荡(IS())现象进行了模拟研究.分析表明,该模式能准确模拟出1998年夏季东亚地区ISO的准周期信号,并能较好地再现30～60天振荡经向上北传、纬向上西传的传播特征,对ISO动能强度的模拟在低纬...     

Investigation into the Formation,Structure, and Evolution of an EF4 Tornado in East China Using a High-Resolution Numerical Simulation

Devastating tornadoes in China have received growing attention in recent years, but little is known about their formation, structure, and evolution on the tornadic scale. Most of these tornadoes develop within the East Asian monsoon regime, in an environment quite different from tornadoes in the U.S. In this study, we used an idealized, highresolution (25-m grid spacing) numerical simulation to investigate the deadly EF4 (Enhanced Fujita scale category 4) tornado that occurred on 23 June 2016 and claimed 99 lives in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province. A tornadic supercell developed in the simulation that had striking similarities to radar observations. The violent tornado in Funing County was reproduced, exceeding EF4 (74 m s^–1), consistent with the on-site damage survey. It was accompanied by a funnel cloud that extended to the surface, and exhibited a double-helix vorticity structure. The signal of tornado genesis was found first at the cloud base in the pressure perturbation field, and then developed both upward and downward in terms of maximum vertical velocity overlapping with the intense vertical vorticity centers. The tornado’s demise was found to accompany strong downdrafts overlapping with the intense vorticity centers. One of the interesting findings of this work is that a violent surface vortex was able to be generated and maintained, even though the simulation employed a free-slip lower boundary condition. The success of this simulation, despite using an idealized numerical approach, provides a means to investigate more historical tornadoes in China.