The Project for Intercomparison of Land-surface Parameterization Schemes (PILPS) phase 2(c) Red-Arkansas River basin experiment:: 2. Spatial and temporal analysis of energy fluxes

The energy components of sixteen Soil-Vegetation Atmospheric Transfer (SVAT) schemes were analyzed and intercompared using 10 years of surface meteorological and radiative forcing data from the Red-Arkansas River basin in the Southern Great Plains of the United States. Comparisons of simulated surface energy fluxes among models showed that the net radiation and surface temperature generally had the best agreement among the schemes. On an average (annual and monthly) basis, the estimated latent heat fluxes agreed (to within approximate estimation errors) with the latent heat fluxes derived from a radiosonde-based atmospheric budget method for slightly more than half of the schemes. The sensible heat fluxes had larger differences among the schemes than did the latent heat fluxes, and the model-simulated ground heat fluxes had large variations among the schemes. The spatial patterns of the model-computed net radiation and surface temperature were generally similar among the schemes, and appear reasonable and consistent with observations of related variables, such as surface air temperature. The spatial mean patterns of latent and sensible heat fluxes were less similar than for net radiation, and the spatial patterns of the ground heat flux vary greatly among the 16 schemes. Generally, there is less similarity among the models in the temporal (interannual) variability of surface fluxes and temperature than there is in the mean fields, even for schemes with similar mean fields.     

滇西耿马盆地构造—沉积综合分析

滇西耿马盆地位于三江褶皱系保山褶皱带的耿马—澜沧复背斜,面积１９５ｋｍ２,接受广泛的河湖相沉积,为典型的第三系小型陆相盆地。盆地内沉积受构造控制明显,沿边界断层主要发育冲积扇、近岸水下扇沉积,远离断层发育深湖相或半深湖相沉积。耿马盆地的构造样式与沉积展布在滇西具有极好的代表性,故从构造－沉积相互作用角度对其分析,对于指导滇西其他第三系盆地的勘探有重要意义。     

改进的模拟退火-变尺度优化方法在测井解释中的应用

实际中的测井参数反演是一个多参数、非线性优化问题,所采用的目标函数,即度量由参数化的理论模型得出的预测值与观测值的吻合程度,往往存在多解的现象。针对这种状况我们提出了模拟退火与变尺度综合反演方法用于参数计算,经过实际试算证明该方法效果很好。     

Gamma-ray burst afterglows: effects of radiative corrections and non-uniformity of the surrounding medium

The afterglow of a gamma-ray burst (GRB) is commonly thought to be the result of continuous deceleration of a relativistically expanding fireball in the surrounding medium. Assuming that the expansion of the fireball is adiabatic and that the density of the medium is a power-law function of shock radius, i.e. n _ext ∝  R ^{− k} , we study the effects of the first-order radiative correction and the non-uniformity of the medium on a GRB afterglow analytically. We first derive a new relation among the observed time, the shock radius and the Lorentz factor of the fireball: t _⊕ =  R /4(4− k ) γ²c, and also derive a new relation among the comoving time, the shock radius and the Lorentz factor of the fireball: t _co = 2 R /(5− k ) γc. We next study the evolution of the fireball by using the analytic solution of Blandford &38; McKee. The radiation losses may not significantly influence this evolution. We further derive new scaling laws both between the X-ray flux and observed time and between the optical flux and observed time. We use these scaling laws to discuss the afterglows of GRB 970228 and GRB 970616, and find that if the spectral index of the electron distribution is p  = 2.5, implied from the spectra of GRBs, the X-ray afterglow of GRB 970616 is well fitted by assuming k  = 2.     

Scientific objectives and payloads of Chang’E-1 lunar satellite

China plans to implement its first lunar exploration mission Chang’E-1 by 2007. The mission objectives are

Cytochalasin B induced triploidy in Penaeus chinensis

ＣｙｔｏｃｈａｌａｓｉｎＢｉｎｄｕｃｅｄｔｒｉｐｌｏｉｄｙｉｎＰｅｎａｅｕｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ￥ＢａｏＺｈｅｎｍｉｎ，ＺｈａｎｇＱｕａｎｑｉ，ＷａｎｇＨａｉａｎｄＤａｉＪｉｘｕｎ（ＲｅｃｅｉｖｅｄＡｐｒｉｌ５，１９９３；ａｃｃｅｐｔｅｄＡｕｇｕｓｔ１...     

大洋矿产资源数据库质量控制系统

建立以大洋多金属为核心的大洋矿产资源数据库系统，其中一个很重要的工作环节就是采集入库数据的质量控制。大量数据人工检查不仅费时费力而且出错率高，为此本文提出了一系列计算机质量自动控制方法，用Ｃ语言编制的大洋数据质控系统软件具有友好的汉字界面，使用方便，结合人工检测本系统能基本确保数据准确、可靠地入库。     

The Transient Solution of Plane Progressive Waves

- Generated by an ideal sinusoidal motion of the vertical plate, the simplest linear solution in time domain for two-dimensional regular waves is derived. The solution describes the propagation process of the plane progressive wave with a front, and will approach the linear steady- state solution as the oscillation time of the plate approaches infinity. The solution presented in this paper can be used to provide an incident wave model with analytical expression for solving the problems of diffraction and response of floating bodies in time domain.     

舟山海域春季海雾发生规律和成因分析

分析了1990－1999年春季发生在舟山海域海雾的气候特征、环流背景及成因，归纳出春季海雾形成前的3种天气形势：倒槽前部型、高压底部型、入海高压后部型。在对海雾生成时的要素特征进行分析的基础上，得出了春季海雾发生的一般规律，为海洋预报和服务提供一定的参考依据。     

沉积盆地基底沉降分解研究

通过对盆地沉降作用的分析，本文提出了对盆地沉降分解的研究方法，使盆地的沉降历史直观地反映了地质演化过程，更符合于陆相沉积盆地的充填演化规律。在理论上初步解决了盆地沉降量值与Ｄａｎ Ｍｃｋｅｎｚｉｅ盆地沉降观测模型计算值不相符的矛盾。通过对盆地沉降量计算方法的讨论，文中给出了盆地构造沉降比重的概念，有利于把握盆地沉降发展的基本规律。对盆地构造沉降比重的计算，可以定量在估计盆地的充填状况。因此将盆地沉