现代海洋牧场建设之我见

现代海洋牧场建设是实现我国海洋渔业与近海生态系统和谐发展的重要途径之一,作为一种海洋经济新业态,海洋牧场既能养护渔业资源,又能修复生态环境。本文论述了现代海洋牧场建设的必要性,分析了我国海洋牧场建设中存在的建设技术缺乏标准化、承载力评估缺乏模型化、建设理念缺乏生态化、管理缺乏信息化等问题,探讨了现代海洋牧场相关理念及分类模式。针对现代海洋牧场建设存在的突出问题,提出了构建陆海统筹现代海洋牧场亟待解决的技术先导和"四化"突破(工程化、机械化、自动化和信息化)等对策和建议。     

郯庐断裂带中桃源韧性剪切带剪切温压条件及锆石U-Pb分析

郯庐断裂带西侧的桃源韧性剪切带位于合肥市肥东县浮槎山的东麓,是郯庐断裂带的重要组成部分。左旋平移现象十分经典,走向北北东,垂直于大别造山带展布,带内大量发育高温糜棱岩。综合剪切带内基质的矿物组合、变形机制及电子探针分析结果,本文得出该韧性剪切带的变形温度为550~650℃,压力在0.5GPa左右,属高温中压变质环境,剪切深度大概在20km左右,后期抬升至地表。剪切带内不同岩石分别给出了~0.8Ga、~2.0Ga、~2.5Ga的锆石U-Pb基底年龄。推断0.8Ga和2.0Ga年龄具有华南板块的特征,而2.5Ga年龄岩石兼具有华南和华北板块的属性,仍无法判断其具体来自哪个板块。此外,剪切带内发育的同构造弱变形伟晶岩脉测得年龄为129Ma,指示郯庐断裂带肥东段在129Ma仍在进行左行剪切活动,但剪切强度已大幅衰减。     

二阶Boussinesq方程的孤立波解

基于同量阶迭代法，在保留同阶面的前提下，对林建国等（1998a)得到的二阶Boussinesq类方程进行了求解，得到了与其量阶相对应的取立波解，并春与Euler方程的二阶孤立波解进行了比较，结果显示，本文解比传统Boussinesq方程的孤立波解有明显的改善，扩大了孤立的适用范围。     

Field application of biochemical markers and a physiological index in the mussel,Mytilus galloprovincialis: transplantation and biomonitoring studies in the lagoon of Venice (NE Italy)

A number of biochemical markers and a physiological index were measured in mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis, transplanted or native to five different contaminated sites in the lagoon of Venice. Mussels from Pellestrina, a reference site in the adjacent Adriatic Sea, were transplanted for 6 weeks to areas of the lagoon where indigenous mussels were also collected. As biochemical indices, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ADH) and NADPH cytochrome c reductase (NADPHcred) were measured in mussel digestive gland; survival in air as a physiological index was also determined. Biomarker responses varied among sites and between indigenous and transplanted animals. Significant induction of catalase and SOD was shown in animals transplanted to the urban sites of Salute and Chioggia, respectively. In indigenous mussels, induction of SOD and NADPHcred was seen in animals from the polluted site of Treporti and the heavily contaminated industrial area of Marghera. The overall biochemical data indicate significantly higher activity for ADH in transplanted animals in comparison with indigenous ones which, in contrast, present an increase in SOD. As regard survival in air, control mussels did not seem to be healthier in comparison either with transplanted or indigenous ones, suggesting that pollution has no effect on this parameter.     

The life cycle of the intense IOP‐14 storm during CASPII. Part I: Analysis and simulations

Abstract

In this study, a 5‐day life‐cycle of the IOP‐14 storm during CASP II is examined using conventional observations and numerical simulations with a mesoscale version of the Canadian Regional Finite‐Element (RFE) model. Observational analysis reveals that the IOP‐14 storm forms from a lee trough, occurring along a strong baroclinic zone with an intense frontogenetic deformation, that interacts with an upper‐level travelling short‐wave trough across the Canadian Rockies. Then the storm experiences a slow, but nearly steady, growth while traversing the North American continent. It deepens explosively as it moves into the Atlantic Ocean. It appears that i) the enhanced large‐scale baroclinicity due to land‐sea temperature contrasts, ii) the tremendous latent heat release due to the transport of high‐θ_e air from the marine boundary layer, Hi) the decrease of surface drag and iv) the favourable westward tilt of the low with an amplifying trough all contribute to the explosive deepening of the storm.

Two consecutive simulations covering a total of 102 h during the storm development are carried out with a grid size of 50 km. The RFE model reproduces very well the formation of the surface low on the lee side of the Rockies, the track and deepening rates, the explosive development and decay of the storm, and various mesoscale phenomena (e.g., a “bent‐back” warm front, a “T‐bone” thermal pattern, a cold frontal “fracture”, an upper‐level “eye” and warm‐core structures), as verified by conventional observations, satellite imagery, flight‐level and dropsonde data from a research aircraft. It is found from potential vorticity (PV) analysis that the storm reaches its peak intensity as the upper‐level dry PV anomaly, the low‐level moist PV anomaly and surface thermal warmth are vertically superposed. PV inversions reveal that these anomalies contribute about 60%, 30% and 10%, respectively, to the 900‐hPa negative height perturbation. It is shown that the warm‐core structure near the cyclone centre is produced by advection of warmer air ahead of the cold front, rather than by adiabatic warming associated with subsidence.     

从石峁遗址出土植物遗存看夏时代早期榆林地区先民的生存策略选择

石峁遗址是新石器时代晚期至夏时代早期榆林地区农牧交错带中的超大型中心聚落,产生于聚落林立、社会等级分化明显的社会复杂化进程中。文章通过鉴定与分析石峁遗址核心区皇城台地点东护墙北段上部、门址及大台基等区域浮选所获样品,结合已公布的外城东门、后阳湾等地点的植物遗存鉴定数据,对石峁遗址夏时代早期样品中出土的植物遗存进行综合研究。通过2012~2019年的浮选工作,共获得了187份夏时代早期样品,出土炭化植物遗存共计17816粒,其中农作物遗存8905粒,包括粟、黍、水稻及大豆;非农作物遗存包括非农作物种子和植物果核等共计61种植物,总数为8911粒,分属于禾本科、藜科、豆科、蔷薇科、菊科、蓼科等。结果显示,石峁先民夏时代早期的生业模式以农牧业并重为主、采集狩猎为补充。其中,农业结构以粟黍种植为主,还首次发现了少量水稻、大豆等可能为上层先民与周边地区交流获得的稀有食物;畜牧业中,主要利用胡枝子、草木犀、委陵菜属、冷蒿等饲草喂养黄牛、羊等主要家畜;同时,还存在采集果实等行为。石峁先民生业模式的选择是其人群受所处的农牧交错带环境影响产生的结果,"舍不得农业,离不开牧业"即是石峁先民及地区其他同时期人群的真实写照。多样化的生存策略、周边聚落的粮食输入及与其他区域中心的文化交流,保障和巩固了社会复杂化进程中石峁遗址的核心地位,并推动了地区早期国家的产生与发展。     

黄骅坳陷断裂发育特征及其对新生古储型潜山成藏控制作用

“新生古储”型潜山是大港油田潜山勘探的重要领域并取得了勘探突破,多期断裂演化控制了新生古储潜山类型多样性及成藏条件多样性。通过系统分析坳陷控山断裂的静态、动态特征,恢复断裂发育对潜山山系形成的控制作用,针对古生界内幕碳酸盐岩与碎屑岩储层物性特征和成储机制、烃源岩特征及源-储配置关系等成藏要素系统分析,区划潜山类型,指出不同类型潜山勘探潜力层系及分布区。研究结果表明：(1)现今断裂具有多走向、多性质的特征,受控于多期次叠合演化的结果。其主要为四个期次：T₃时期近EW和NW(W)逆断,J₁₊₂继承发育;J₃+K₁初期挤压逆冲形成NNE(近SN)向逆断-转换断层;至K₁为负反转发育阶段,形成负反转断层;E时期受伸展作用控制,形成NE(E)向伸展断层。(2)“两期挤压成山-一期块断成山”成山过程,内幕储层经历“早成岩期—表生期—中成岩期—晚成岩期”多期成岩作用,奥陶系碳酸盐储层为中孔-中渗储层,碎屑岩储层为中-低孔隙、中-低渗储层。(3)在孔二段和沙三段优质烃源岩发育的条件下,源-储对...     

气象预报服务用语以人为本探讨

通过对气象服务一些用语在不同场合使用产生一些误会的分析,提出了气象服务用语要与人文关怀和当时民众的应对天气变化的感受融合起来的思路,以提高预报报务的效果。