数字地图的三维可视化研究及其若干应用

三维可视化理论与技术的引入使得传统静态的、平面的地图向动态的、三维的方向发展, 地图的三维可视化正成为GIS与数字制图领域的一个新的研究课题.数字地图及其建库技术的研究为其三维可视化研究提供了有力的技术支持和充足的数据来源.主要研究基于等高线与离散高程点的地形模型(DEM) 的建立、兼顾地形(即基于DEM) 的街区与街道、居民地模型的建立, 以及植被、道路、水系等各主要要素的三维模型的建立及其显示, 对三维点状地图符号库的建立、模型的动态显示及航空影像的叠加显示等进行了研究.最后对三维可视化技术在基于数字地图的地貌晕渲、模拟飞行、虚拟城市等方面的应用作了探讨.      

GIS中一般曲线的不确定性模型

本文对ＧＩＳ中一般曲线的误差进行了研究。曲线的误差由构成该曲线的任意点之误差描述。曲线上任意点的误差由端点及距离误差传播导出的误差之加权平均值的协方差表示,本文分别给出了垂直方向误差（εσ）及最大方向误差（εｍ）的计算模型。以三次Ｂ样条曲线为例,给出了其建模及可视化结果,进一步地将该结果与折线及圆曲线的情况进行了比较。     

Selection of the wavenumbers k using an optimization method for the inverse Fourier transform in 2.5D electrical modelling

An optimization method is used to select the wavenumbers k for the inverse Fourier transform in 2.5D electrical modelling. The model tests show that with the wavenumbers k selected in this way the inverse Fourier transform performs with satisfactory accuracy.     

青山-横塘矿区铅锌矿床控矿断裂特征及找矿评价

黔西北铅锌成矿区海西期经历了北西向水城断陷的发育演化,沉积了巨厚的泥盆系、古炭系地层,形成区域内主要的矿化层位。青山－横塘矿区位于威水铅锌成矿带之水城中部矿田,区内构造发育,成矿条件有利,产出了青山、横塘等中小型矿床,从矿区内控矿断裂的同生活动特征分析,断陷盆地内ＮＷ 断裂的同生活动控制了矿带,活动较强烈地段控制了矿区,ＮＥ向断裂的同生活动控制了矿床。     

Biochemical and histochemical responses to environmental contaminants in clam, Tapes philippinarum, transplanted to different polluted areas of Venice Lagoon, Italy.

In this study the clam, Tapes philippinarum, a filter-feeding bivalve living in soft bottoms, was used to investigate the water/sediment pollution in Venice Lagoon (Venice, Italy), a heavily urbanised and industrialised area. To this end, clams collected from indigenous populations in a clean farming area (Val Dogà) were transplanted into a relatively low contaminated site (Palude della Rosa) and in a heavily polluted area (Porto Marghera), for 5 weeks. A range of possible induced stress indices were measured, on the basis of potential toxicity mechanisms, including specific enzymatic activities [Bap hydroxylase and NADPH cytochrome c reductase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and propionaldehyde dehydrogenase (PDH)] and general cellular responses (lysosomal latency). Moreover, chemical analyses (polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, DDTs) were carried out on sediments and animal tissues at the beginning and end of the transplantation experiments. The chemical results show an active bio-accumulation activity from sediment in clams translocated to the most polluted area. Correspondingly, biological data indicate marked effects on PDH activity and latency in T. philippinarum from the same site. In contrast, no similar pattern has been observed in the other considered indices, possibly due to antagonistic effects of the complex contaminant mixture present in the environment.     

太阳光谱仪用探测器的研究

观测太阳光谱所使用的探测器,在选型与使用上有其特殊性。结合云南天文台太阳光谱仪,首先建立了太阳光谱仪分光流量的计算机模型,并通过观测实验对该模型进行了检验。利用该模型计算了云南天文台太阳光谱仪各可见光及近红外波段的太阳光谱分光流量,在此基础上,详细讨论了太阳光谱仪用探测器的选型方案,以及观测中的注意要点。     

Dynamic process analysis of the Niumiangou landslide triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake using the finite difference method and a modified discontinuous deformation analysis

The Niumiangou landslide was the largest landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, which was significantly affected by the amplification effect of seismic acceleration. The ringshear experiments indicated that the materials in the source area of the Niumiangou landslide were subjected to friction degradation under a big shear displacement, which may result in rapid movement of the landslide. In order to better understand the landslide movement and study the effect of the friction degradation on movement mechanisms, the dynamic process of Niumiangou landslide was simulated with a new numerical method, which combines the finite difference method(FDM) and the discontinuous deformation analysis(DDA). First, the FDM was used to study the initiation time, amplification effect and velocity of the landslide. Afterwards, these initiation velocities were applied to the blocks in the DDA model by corresponding coordination in the FDM model. A displacementdependent friction model of the sliding surface was incorporated into DDA code to further understand the kinetic behavior of the landslide. The results show that the displacement-dependent friction strongly decreases the friction coefficient of sliding surface under a big displacement, which can obviously promote the run-out and velocity of landslide. The model output well matches the topographic map formed by the landslide. This implies that the proposed model can be applied to the simulation of earthquake-induced landslides with amplification effect, and the friction degradation model is important to clarify the movement mechanism of high-speed and long-distance landslides.     

流空间邻近关系约束下的流行病分布空间异常探测方法

针对现有流行病空间异常探测方法在全面探测多因素导致的潜在空间异常方面的局限性,本文提出一种流空间邻近约束关系下的流行病分布空间异常探测方法.首先,基于地理探测器识别与传播中心人群流出强度因素具有显著关联关系的疫情专题属性;然后,基于流空间邻近关系度量自适应构建流空间权重矩阵;最后,构造疫情属性空间局部变化梯度变量刻画空...     

福建省高速公路沿线雷电活动特征分析

为了揭示福建省高速公路沿线雷电活动特征,做好高速公路机电设施的防雷工作,本文利用2015 2018年福建省三维闪电监测数据以及福建省高速公路路网资料进行统计分析.分析了高速公路沿线地闪的月、日活动特征,得出地闪活动主要分布在5 9月和14:00 18:00.根据高速公路沿线地闪密度绘制雷电活动等级分布图,结果表明高速公...     

亚洲大陆主要活动块体的现今构造应力数值模拟

亚洲大陆晚新生代和现代构造变形以活动地块为主要特征,表现为在统一构造格局下不同地块间具有不同的运动方式和速度。为了研究这些具有不同运动学性质块体间的相互作用以及构造变形特征,基于亚洲大陆的总体构造格局构建了二维有限元模型。根据模拟结果,对比已知GPS数据、震源机制解以及地质调查数据等,定量分析了大陆内部主要活动地块构造应力场的分布特征,并探讨了影响亚洲大陆现今构造变形特征的主要因素。结果表明：在我国的西部陆块内,由于周边一系列近EW向弧形活动构造带的存在,导致其内部次级块体运动速率的衰减,从而进一步导致应力环境的变化,由青藏中部的挤压-拉张环境逐渐转变为塔里木、天山地区的完全挤压环境;在西伯利亚地块和印度板块的联合挤压作用下,华北地块上地壳的应力表现为较弱的挤压环境,而在该种应力环境下块体内部伸展构造的成因很可能与其深部的动力学环境有关;华南地块的运动方向与台湾造山带相反,从而形成一个秦岭-大别造山带以南的较强烈的挤压-拉张区;在印度-澳大利亚板块和菲律宾俯冲板块的联合挤压作用下,巽他地块作为华南地块和印支地块的逃逸窗口,表现出以婆罗洲、南海为中心近圆弧形的弱挤压区以及环绕挤压区外缘挤压-拉张区的应力分布特征。