Susceptibility of fish to Chattonella marina is determined by its tolerance to hypoxia

The harmful alga Chattonella marina has caused massive fish kills and economic losses worldwide. However, the fish kill mechanisms by C. marina have not been identified. The present study has confirmed that a significant elevation of blood osmolality is the universal response in moribund fish exposed to C. marina and the possible reasons leading to contradictory reports were identified. Both osmotic distress and respiratory impairment are important mechanisms leading to fish kill by C. marina. The susceptibility of marine fish to C. marina appears to be inversely related to their tolerance to hypoxia, with the hypoxia intolerant goldlined seabream being the most susceptible, and the hypoxia tolerant green grouper being the most tolerant to C. marina. Further studies in the marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) showed that fish susceptibility to C. marina is directly related to susceptibility of the fish to hypoxia, but not related to its tolerance to hypersalinity stress.     

湖南芙蓉锡矿田Rb-Sr同位素年龄及其地质意义

本文通过对湖南芙蓉矿田的似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩、黑云母二长花岗岩和含矿云英岩进行了全岩Rb-Sr同位素分析，获得等时线年龄分别为155±6 Ma,141±6 Ma和146±3 Ma。前者表明了芙蓉花岗岩主体侵位时间为燕山早期的早-中侏罗世，而后二者表明了芙蓉花岗岩主体侵位后的又一次岩浆活动和成矿作用可能发生在晚侏罗世，该矿田是在构造环境可能为地壳由挤压剪切向拉张伸展转化的时期形成的，而与芙蓉花岗岩主体侵入的岩浆活动无直接的成生关系。     

广东钟丘洋次火山岩型铜矿床蚀变围岩的岩石化学特征

研究发现矿床的围岩蚀变主要有绢云母化、绿尼石化、黑云母化和硅化；蚀变矿物主要交代原岩中的长石。对蚀变和矿化岩石化学组成的定量研究表明：蚀变过程中ＳｉＯ２软活泼，可以被大量带出，也可以随硅化而大量带入；Ａｌ２Ｏ３和ＴｉＯ２相对稳定；ＴＦｅＯ和ＭｇＯ随绿泥石化和黑云母化而带入；长石被交代分解后释放出的ＣａＯ、Ｎａ２Ｏ和Ｋ２Ｏ被淋滤带出，另一部分Ｋ２Ｏ可进入新生矿物云母而保留下，释放出的Ａｌ２Ｏ３则形成     

Reflectance spectroscopy and geochemical analyses of Lake Hoare sediments, Antarctica: implications for remote sensing of the Earth and Mars

Visible to infrared reflectance spectroscopic analyses (0.3-25 micromoles) have been performed on sediments from the Dry Valleys region of Antarctica. Sample characterization for these sediments includes extensive geochemical analyses and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The reflectance spectra and XRD indicate major amounts of quartz, feldspar, and pyroxene in these samples and lesser amounts of carbonate, mica, chlorite, amphibole, illite, smectite, and organic matter. Calcite is the primary form of carbonate present in these Lake Hoare sediments based on the elemental abundances and spectroscopic features. The particle size distribution of the major and secondary components influences their detection in mixtures and this sensitivity to particle size is manifested differently in the "volume scattering" and "surface scattering" infrared regions. The Christiansen feature lies between these two spectral regimes and is influenced by the spectral properties of both regions. For these mixtures the Christiansen feature was found to be dependent on physical parameters, such as particle size and sample texture, as well as the mineralogy. Semiquantitative spectroscopic detection of calcite and organic material has been tested in these quartz- and feldspar-rich sediments. The relative spectral band depths due to organics and calcite correlate in general with the wt% C from organic matter and carbonate. The amounts of organic matter and carbonate present correlate with high Br and U abundances and high Ca and Sr abundances, respectively. Variation in the elemental abundances was overall minimal, which is consistent with a common sedimentary origin for the forty-two samples studied here from Lake Hoare.     

1906年地震的远域余震

在１９０６年４月１８日加州旧金山大地震后的２４ｈ之内,俄勒冈州的佩斯利,亚利桑那州的莫尼克斯,加州的洛杉矶,布劳利都分别感到了地震。运用概率理论,结果表明同一天内在这些散布地区的每一个地点都发生有感地震是感见的。对１９０６年地震后２４ｈ内经受过地震的４个不同区域,确定了１８９７￣１９０６年９ａ间有感地震的发生率。我们用盒子里摸球概率问题的思想模拟了余震发生的似然性。结果表明,大地震余震区至少可延伸     

羊拉地区含矿夕卡岩流体包裹体特征及其成因意义带

羊拉铜矿化集中区共有４个夕卡岩体,按成因分为喷流－沉积和接触交代夕卡岩两大类,前者呈层状,是铜的主要赋矿围岩。层状夕卡岩中包裹体以类型多、组分复杂、均一温度（１００～６２０℃,一般大于３００℃）和盐度（８．３％～５５．０％ＮａＣｌ,一般≥２０％ＮａＣｌ）高且变化范围大、密度高（一般大于１．００ｇ／ｃｍ３）、捕获压力低（１０～２５ＭＰａ）为特征;交代夕卡岩则以包裹体类型简单、组分单一、均一温度（一般小于２５０℃）和盐度中—低（９．０％～２０．０％ＮａＣｌ）、密度低（一般小于１．００ｇ／ｃｍ３）且变化范围大、捕获压力高（１５０ＭＰａ）为特征。这些包裹体特征反映了两类夕卡岩的流体来源和演化机制是不同的,其中层状夕卡岩之流体为深部源与海水源的二元混合特征;交代夕卡岩为岩浆（体）源等组分自然冷却演化趋势。     

地球物理反演在矿产勘查中的应用

借助于计算机技术和数学优化理论所产生的新算法,对各种地球物理数据,选择特定的目标函数及物性参数进行迭代反演计算,最后恢复出能够反映实际成矿条件和地质特征的一维,二维及三维图像。     

斑岩铜金矿床地地球物理的数据的反演：米利根山的一个研究案例

在本文中,我们反演了米利根山斑岩铜金矿床的磁测、直流电阻率、激发极化（ＩＰ）和航空电磁数据,并将反演结果与已有的地质和矿化资料作综合解释。反演的区域内有一个侵入岩株,称之为ＭＢＸ岩体,区域周围遍布矿化带。在地模型被离散为许多单元,每个单元的物性恒定,构建与相应数据充分拟合的模型目标函数,通过使目标函数最小救是磁化率、电导率和极化率的分布。直接反演地面总场数据求取３－Ｄ磁化率模型。反演ＤＣ／ＩＰ数据     

A geographical analysis of multiethnic households in the United States

"Using the household-level data provided by the 5% PUMS [Public Use Microdata Sample] data from the 1990 Census, this paper reports the pattern of ethnic mixing at the household level in the U.S. and also describes the geographical patterns of different types of multiethnic households at both the state level and the PUMA [Public Use Microdata Area] level. Several of the largest metropolitan areas are also examined in greater detail. The strong dominance of whites in the process of ethnic mixing is clear, as is the expected dominance of blacks in southeastern U.S. and the dominance of Hispanics in the southwest at the state level. The PUMA-level analysis reveals local clusters of ethnic mixing that are not apparent at the state-level analysis."