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841.
Xilai Zheng Junjie Zhang Tianyuan Zheng Chun Liang Hongyu Wang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(3):1349-1356
Water content is an important physical parameter for soil, vadose zone, and porous aquifer. Accurate measurement of water content in oil-contaminated porous media is critical for the research on oil pollution process and remediation in soil and groundwater systems. In this study, an improved water content calculation formula for oil-contaminated porous media was proposed based on the theory of oven-drying method, and laboratory experiments were conducted to test the applicability and accuracy of the formula for several types of manually prepared oil-contaminated porous media with different water contents. Furthermore, the measuring method and calculation formula, which can be used to determine the water content of porous media sampled from the oil-contaminated sites, were proposed for the first time in this study based on the improved formula. The experimental results showed that the improved formula was very accurate when used to calculate the water contents of diesel-contaminated sand, gasoline-contaminated mild clay, and engine oil-contaminated sand, indicating that it was widely applicable to oils with different volatile ability as well as porous media with different texture. This study meets the urgent need for accurate determination of water content in oil-contaminated porous media, and it solves the technical problem that the existing water content measuring methods cannot be applied directly in the field study. 相似文献
842.
Guotao Dong Shengtian Yang Yunfei Gao Juan Bai Xuelei Wang Donghai Zheng 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(5):1643-1657
Riparian zones act as important buffer zones for non-point source pollution, thus improving the health of aquatic ecosystems. Previous research has shown that riparian zones play an important role, and that land use has an important effect, on phosphorus (P) retention. A spatial basin-scale approach for analyzing P retention and land use effects could be important in preventing pollution in riparian zones. In this study, a riparian phosphorus cycle model based on EcoHAT was generated with algorithms from soil moisture and heat models, simplified soil and plant phosphorus models, plant growth models, and universal soil loss equations. Based on remote sensing data, model performance was enhanced for spatial and temporal prediction of P retention in the riparian zone. A modified soil and plant P model was used to simulate the soil P cycle of a riparian zone in a temperate continental monsoon climate in northern China. A laboratory experiment and a field experiment were conducted to validate the P cycle model. High coefficients of determination (R 2) between simulated and observed values indicate that the model provides reliable results. P uptake variations were the same as the net primary productivity (NPP) trends, which were affected by soil temperature and moisture in the temperate continental monsoon climate. Beginning in June, the monthly content increased, with the maximum appearing in August, when the most precipitation and the highest temperatures occur. The spatial distribution of P uptake rates from March to September showed that areas near water frequently had relatively high values from May to August, which is contrary to results obtained in March, April, and September. The P uptake amounts for different land uses changed according to expectation. The average monthly P uptake rates for farmlands and grasslands were more than those for orchards and lowlands, which had moderate P uptake rates, followed by shrubs and forests. The spatial distribution of soil erosion demonstrated that the soil erosion came primarily from high-intensity agricultural land in the western and central areas, while the northern and eastern study regions, which were less affected by human activity, experienced relatively slight soil erosion. From the point of view of P pollution prevention, the spatial structure of riparian zones and the spatial distribution of land use around the Guanting reservoir are thus not favorable. 相似文献
843.
目前我国历史文化遗迹所在地区开发用地失控的原因,从体制方面讲,乃是由于规制手段不够健全、管理体制不够顺畅、城镇化和旅游经济发展进程的阶段性等问题所致;从微观经济层面而言,还在于农民缺乏保护农地的经济诱因、农地转向开发用地收益更高、相关利益集团的势力影响等因素在起作用,故而农地流转成开发用地不可避免。所以应当借鉴海外土地发展权制度,在历史文化遗迹所在地区内落实土地发展权的补偿机制,对开发用地实行有效的管制。具体来说,应当从法律上明确土地发展权的地位,将农地保护与当地的经济社会发展有机协调起来,推行土地使用管制,建立完善土地发展权交易机制,同时有效控制农地流转为开发用地的隐性交易行为。 相似文献
844.
Peng Qian Limin Zhou Xiangmin Zheng Yan Dong Yongjie Wang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(10):4167-4178
Airborne particulate samples (including dust storm period samples) were collected from the Putuo, Qingpu and Minhang districts of Shanghai city from October, 2009 to October, 2010, and also tracked the dust transporting pathways from NW (Northwest) to SE (Southeast) including the cities of Xi’an, Beijing, Zhengzhou and Nantong, as a means of sampling the dust storm particulate matter in the spring of 2010. After measuring the magnetic parameters and the concentrations of particles and heavy metals, their magnetic properties were analyzed to track the source locations of heavy metal pollution during dust storm events, and then combined for backward trajectory analysis. It was found that the slightly polluted dust particles carried many contaminants during dust storm periods when the dust palls were transported by winter monsoon winds from the NW desert region towards the SE. The contaminants were further increased by contributions of fine SP&SD grains derived from local automobile exhausts in Shanghai as well as being enriched also in Northern cities during non-dust storm periods. A significantly positive linear relation was found between the χlf and SIRM of loess and the storm dust, indicating a similar material source for these two kinds of samples. A higher χlf and SIRM in storm dust content compared to loess suggests that storm dust contains not only materials from natural sources, but also those from partly anthropogenic sources. Backward trajectory analysis indicates intuitively the source region of the Shanghai storm dust. These conclusions have important scientific significance for research on long-distance transportation of contaminants (such as heavy metals) adsorbed onto airborne particulate matter during dust storm events. 相似文献
845.
胶东新城金矿床控矿构造变形环境:显微构造和EBSD组构约束 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
新城金矿床是典型的"焦家式"破碎带蚀变岩型金矿,矿体形态和规模都严格受到断裂破碎带控制,是探讨复杂构造-流体耦合成矿系统控矿构造变形环境研究的理想选区。断裂破碎带中构造岩既是构造变形行为的载体,也是相应变形环境的受体。论文在新城金矿详细露头构造解析的基础上,系统采集该矿床控矿断裂破碎带定向构造岩样品,进行显微构造和EBSD组构分析。研究区构造岩显微构造特征主要表现为韧性变形和脆性变形。韧性变形有波状消光、带状消光、亚晶粒、动态重结晶、核幔构造、丝带构造、碎(残)斑系、扭折带、变形纹、机械双晶、蠕英结构、云母鱼等;脆性变形有书斜构造和显微裂隙等。长石(残)斑系、扭折带、变形纹、蠕英结构和石英颗粒边界迁移动态重结晶、丝带构造等矿物变形特征表明断裂带成矿前以高温韧性变形为主;石英波状消光、亚晶粒、亚颗粒旋转和膨凸动态重结晶、方解石机械双晶、长石显微裂隙充填物等矿物变形反映成矿期兼有中低温韧性变形和脆性变形;压剪性穿晶裂隙则反映出成矿后主要是低温脆性变形。根据差应力、应变测量和EBSD组构分析,将新城金矿床控矿构造变形环境可以分为3个构造期:成矿前在NW-SE向挤压作用下发生韧-脆性左行剪切变形,600~700℃,差应力61.37~111.09MPa,应变测量轴比a/c为2.295~3.978,动态重结晶石英颗粒边界分维值为1.466~1.599,反映矿区为高温中高压高应变带变形环境,应变速率较大;成矿期为NW-SE向逐渐NEE-SWW向转变的挤压作用,发生压剪性脆性变形,200~500℃,差应力65.91~135.68MPa,应变测量轴比a/c为1.403~2.204,动态重结晶石英颗粒边界分维值为1.321~1.378,反映矿区成矿期为中低温中高压低应变带变形环境,反应速率较小;成矿后在NWW-SEE向挤压作用下发生压剪变形,150~300℃,反映低温低压脆性变形环境。 相似文献
846.
847.
848.
铁木里克铁矿是西天山阿吾拉勒成矿带上一个高品位的磁铁矿矿床,赋存于石炭纪大哈拉军山组火山岩中。矿区围岩蚀变较弱,主要以低温热液阶段的绿泥石化和绿帘石化为主。根据野外矿石组构以及镜下观察,该矿床可以划分为四个成矿阶段。目前该矿床的研究程度较低,矿床成因存在较大争议。磁铁矿和赤铁矿的电子探针结果显示,该矿床的形成与岩浆-热液系统密切相关;辉石和角闪石的电子探针结果显示,辉石未发生蚀变,只有角闪石轻微地发生了阳起石化。矿石中的黄铁矿硫同位素(0.1‰~2.9‰)显示具有深源地幔特征,磁铁矿的氧同位素(-2.7‰~0.5‰)暗示岩浆热液对成矿具有重要作用,以及成矿晚期低温热液过程对早先形成的磁铁矿起到了改造作用。结合区域铁矿带的成矿地质特征,本文认为铁木里克铁矿的形成主要与岩浆-热液系统密切相关,在大量磁铁矿形成之后,有少量成矿流体与海水混合,对矿床和围岩进行了低温热液蚀变,形成了充填在磁铁矿矿石气孔中的赤铁矿和黄铁矿。 相似文献
849.
850.
月球探测对于我国各方面综合实力的提升均具有巨大的推动作用。当前我国各研发机构对月球采样的研发重点集中于采样机具的设计制造上,对采样机具和月壤之间相互作用却研究较少。与地球土壤相比,月壤的形成环境与条件完全不同,从而造就了其较为特殊的物理力学性质。在利用与真实月壤类似的模拟月壤进行的薄壁圆筒贯入试验中,发现存在月壤滞留和月壤附壁现象,从而分析得出在采样机具表面与月壤相互作用的理论分析中,除了传统的摩擦力理论外,还可通过最大抗剪强度进行分析。通过对试验现象和数据对比摩擦力理论和最大抗剪强度理论发现,最大抗剪强度理论更加符合实际情况。故将最大抗剪强度理论引入已有的月球螺旋钻进采样的理论模型中,通过计算得出基于最大抗剪强度理论计算的螺旋临界转速低于基于摩擦力理论计算的临界转速,在一定程度上能够降低采样机具的能耗。 相似文献