3D SLAM的室内背包移动测量系统研究

针对室内移动测图中GPS信号缺失,导致无法获取精确定位坐标与导航的问题,该文研发了一套室内背包式移动测量系统,该系统能够利用三维激光定位与测图的方法实现快速同步定位及地图创建和室内三维激光点云获取,可以应用在室内或地下的环境中进行数据采集,在不损失作业效率的前提下获取系统作业轨迹、高精度点云等多种数据结果。为了对系统的精度进行验证,使用该系统在实验室大楼走廊中进行实验获取室内三维激光点云,并将实验结果与采用常规测量手段得到的结果进行对比分析。实验表明,此系统的相对精度和绝对精度分别能够达到0.048和0.047m,在室内三维信息获取过程中相比较于传统作业方式显著提高了作业效率和数据质量,能够满足室内建模与测图要求。     

一种病态EIV模型正则化的修正算法

针对解决变量中含有误差(EIV)模型参数估计算法的降正则化性导致即使模型参数初值可靠,参数估值也可能在迭代过程中发散的问题,该文分析现有EIV模型参数估计算法具有的降正则化性质,讨论EIV模型参数估计算法具有的降正则化性对模型正则化的影响,建立一种病态EIV模型的实时修正算法。通过算例验证该文所建立的算法,算例结果表明,该文建立的算法能够有效解决EIV模型参数估计存在的上述问题。该文所建立的病态EIV模型正则化算法更具普适性。     

Spatial patterns in natural Picea crassifolia forests of northwestern China,as basis for close-to-nature forestry

Close-to-nature forest management has been proposed as an effective method for improving the quality of plantation forests. Knowledge of spatial distribution patterns, structure, and succession trajectories in natural forests can provide guidelines for the establishment of close-to-nature forest plantations. Such knowledge is lacking in natural spruce(Picea crassifolia) forests in the Qilian Mountains of China, impeding the establishment of production forests. We conducted a case study in the Qilian Mountains to analyze the relationships between the naturally-formed forest patches and terrain factors, spatial heterogeneity of stand characteristics, and stand structure following harvesting disturbance. Our results suggested that spruce plantations will be effective on the N, NE, and NW slopes, at elevations between 2700 and 3300 m, and on slopes ranging from 15° to 45°. Further, planted forest patches should occupy 64% of the slope area on semi-shady slopes(NE, NW). Spatial patterns in the studied forest exhibited a strong scale-effect, and an area of 0.25 ha could be used as the most efficient plot scale for the management of spruce plantations. Partial logging is an effective method for the conversion of spruce planted forests into nearnatural forests, and the intensity of partial logging can be determined from the negative exponential function relationship between stand density and DBH. Our results provided critical information for the development of spruce plantations and conversion of existing plantations.     

Accumulation model and prediction of Miocene heavy oil distribution in Gulf of Suez Basin,Egypt

The Gulf of Suez Basin is a very mature and extremely prospective petroleum province.Many heavy oil fields have been found in the Basin, and such reserves are abundant.Characteristics and models of heavy oil are analyzed in this study based on tectonic, basin evolution, stratigraphic distribution and geochemical data. The best reservoirs of heavy oil are Miocene sandstone and limestone formations.Source rocks of hydrocarbon include deep limestone and shale of the Brown Limestone, the Thebes Formation and the Rudeis Formation. Thick evaporite rocks with rock salts and anhydrites deposited broadly throughout the basin are the most impor-tant regional seals, whereas Miocene shales are intraformational and regional seals that cover small areas.Heavy oil could be directly generated or densified during vertical migration along faults and reservoir accumulation. The heavy oil accumulation model is a mixed model that includes three mechanisms:fault dispersal, sulfocom-pound reactions and hydrocarbons generated from immature source rock.After analyzing the model and the dis-tribution of source rocks, reservoirs, heavy oil fields and structures, it is concluded that the potential heavy oil area is at the center of the basin.     

风城油田重油SAGD蒸汽腔微震监测

中国石油新疆油田分公司风城油田1845井区目前有13个井组正在实施蒸汽辅助重力泄油(SAGD).2018年12月至2019年4月期间,我们应用微破裂向量扫描对该井区实施了共35天的微震监测,试图定量确定热蒸汽腔的4D变化.由于微震活动的间歇性和跳跃性,一定期间的监测,很难用含震级或能量的震源分布对蒸汽腔实施解释;故,我...     

珠江口盆地阳江东凹古近系构造特征与勘探潜力

阳江东凹是近年来珠江口盆地(东部)的热点探区,过去四十余年受限于钻井数量与地震资料品质和覆盖范围,缺少对古近系的研究.随着勘探程度的提高,走向深层古近系是珠江口盆地油气勘探的必然趋势.本文在覆盖全区的高品质三维地震资料基础上,结合新近钻井和测井资料,系统解剖阳江东凹的构造特征及其对沉积充填的控制,并探讨古近系的勘探潜力...     

多波束数据处理中的UTM直角坐标与经纬度坐标转换技术

简要介绍了地图投影的一般概念,重点描述了UTM的优点及其与大地坐标之间的相互转换,该转换方法软件化后形成的技术可以为多波束数据后处理商业软件提供坐标转换的补丁技术。最后附上部分经实际检验的Fortran程序供参考。     

复合体系有机气体氧化生成二次有机气溶胶研究进展

生物源与人为源有机气体氧化形成的二次有机气溶胶(SOA)对气候变化和人类健康具有重要影响。SOA的产生与其前体物研究已取得了一些进展,但由于有机气体之间存在复合相互作用以及SOA形成机制复杂,目前对不同有机气体混合体系中SOA的形成认知还比较匮乏。因此,深入了解有机气体多源、复杂的相互作用,摸清有机气体的大气氧化机制、SOA的形成及影响等对深入理解真实大气有机气体化学演变具有指导意义。本文旨在了解复合体系有机气体氧化生成SOA的相关研究进展。一方面总结了复合体系有机气体产生SOA质量浓度、产率、成分、挥发性、光学性质等的变化,侧重于实验室复合体系有机气体氧化对SOA形成的多重影响以及SOA组成元素、分子构成的变化特征,并总结了目前实验室基于模型对复合体系SOA生成的模拟研究和拟合情况;另一方面探究了环境因素,如相对湿度(RH)、温度(T)以及无机气体,如氮氧化物(NO_x)、二氧化硫(SO₂)、氨气(NH₃)等对复合体系有机气体形成SOA的影响。     

复杂地形条件下城市热岛及局地环流特征的数值模拟

应用基于多层城市冠层方案BEP(Building Environment Parameterization)增加室内空调系统影响的建筑物能量模式BEM(Building Energy Model)方案的WRF模式,模拟研究重庆热岛的特征、成因以及局地环流对热岛形成的影响。文中共有两个算例,一为重庆真实下垫面算例,称之为URBAN算例,二为将城市下垫面替换为耕地下垫面的对比算例,称之为NOURBAN算例。结果表明:1)WRF方案模拟结果与观测2 m气温的对比吻合较好,误差主要出现在正午温度峰值和凌晨温度谷值处,由城市下垫面特性及城市内建筑分布误差引起。2)BEP+BEM方案较好地模拟出了重庆地区的热岛分布的空间和时间特征。重庆市温度的分布受地形和城市下垫面的双重影响,越靠近城区,温度的分布受城市化影响就越大,在海拔低处,温度就越高。3)城区立体三维表面对辐射的陷阱作用导致城市表面总体反射率小,向上短波辐射小于郊区约20 W/m~2。城市表面以感热排放为主,而郊区则表现为潜热的作用占主导。夜间城市地表储热以及空调废热向大气释放,是城市热岛形成的重要原因。4)模拟区域背景风场主要为东南风,局地环流呈现出越靠近山区风速越大、城市区域风速较小的特性,体现了城市密集的建筑群对低层大气流场的空气动力学效应,以及复杂山谷地形的山谷风环流特性。在市区的西侧和东南侧均有高大山脉阻挡,山脉对城市出流的阻碍作用、气流越山与绕流运动对城市热岛的形成有一定影响。     

围压-孔压改变条件下致密砂岩及泥页岩泊松比变化特征及机制

在围压(外压)或孔压(内压)发生变化的条件下,致密砂岩及泥页岩泊松比的变化特征及机制仍有待厘清.本研究从Terzaghi有效应力理论和国内学者提出的新有效应力概念出发,基于松辽盆地高台子组致密砂岩、青山口组泥页岩三向动、静态泊松比测定结果,剖析了两类岩石泊松比的变化特征及机制.岩石样品三向泊松比变化曲线的分布呈现显著的...