Heat shock protein expression pattern (HSP70) in the hydrothermal vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus

We previously reported evidence of increased levels of DNA damage in the hydrothermal mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus, which suggested that the species was not fully resistant to the natural toxicity of its deep-sea vent environment. In the present study, HSP70 was used as a biomarker of sub-cellular stress. Differences in HSP70 expression pattern were observed between vent sites, typified by different depths/toxicity profiles, and between different mussel tissue types. A comparison of specimens collected by remote operated vehicle (ROV) and acoustically-operated cages showed that less stress (as indicated by changes in HSP70 levels) was induced by the faster cage recovery method. Therefore alternatives to ROV collection should be considered when planning experiments involving live deep sea organisms. Significantly, a positive correlation was found between the levels of DNA strand breakage, as measured using the Comet assay, and HSP70 expression pattern; evidence was also obtained for the constitutive expression of at least one HSP isoform which was located within the cell nucleus.     

滩间山黑色岩系金矿床金的赋存状态研究

黑色岩系金矿床具有重要的经济价值，滩间山金矿床为多因复成成因，黄铁矿是其最主要的矿石矿物。穆斯堡尔诺分析和金的浸取实验表明：滩间山金矿的黄铁矿中除存在大量金矿物（自然金或银金矿）外，尚存在１．２７％的晶格金，这部分金是一种潜在的金矿资源。此外，文中还探讨了晶格金的形成机理。     

滩间山黑色岩系金矿床金的赋存状态研究

黑色岩系金矿床具有重要的经济价值，滩间山金矿床为多因复成成因，黄铁矿是其最主要的矿石矿物。穆斯堡尔谱分析和金的浸取实验表明：滩间山金矿的黄铁矿中除存在大量金矿物外，尚存在１．２７％的晶格金，这部分金是一种潜在的金矿资源，此外，文中还探讨了晶格金的形成机理。     

矿物岩石材料研究现状及发展梗概

矿物岩石材料研究和开发的深度和广度是衡量一个国家经济及高技术水平的重要指标之一，本文对该科学的研究内容，意义和作用，国内外发展简况及发展趋势进行了系统的综述，指出了该学科发展目前尚存在的问题，并提出了相应的建议。     

A conceptual review of regional-scale controls on the composition of clastic sediment and the co-evolution of continental blocks and their sedimentary cover

Both sediment recycling and first-cycle input influence the composition of clastic material in sedimentary systems. This paper examines conceptually the roles played by these processes in governing the composition of clastic sediment on a regional scale by outlining the expected effects on sediment composition of protracted sediment recycling and of continuous first-cycle input on a maturing continental block. Generally speaking, long-term recycling tends to enrich sediments in the most chemically and mechanically stable components: quartz in the sand and silt size fractions, and illite among the clay minerals. Sandstones trend towards pure quartz arenites, and mudrocks become more potassic and aluminous. The average grain size of clastic sediment decreases by a combination of progressive attrition of sand grains and ongoing breakdown of primary silicate minerals to finer-grained clay minerals and oxides. Sandstones derived by continuous first-cycle input from an evolving continental crustal source also become increasingly rich in quartz, but in addition become more feldspathic as the proportion of granitic material in the upper continental crust increases during crustal stabilization. Associated mudrocks also become richer in potassium and aluminum, but will have higher K2O/Al2O3 ratios than recycled muds. The average grain size of the sediment may increase with time as the proportion of sand-prone granitic source rocks increases at the expense of more mud-prone volcanic sources. In general, except in instances where chemical weathering is extreme, first-cycle sediments lack the compositional maturity of recycled detritus, and are characterized by the presence of a variety of primary silicate minerals. Sedimentary systems are not usually completely dominated by either recycling or first-cycle detritus. Generally, however, sedimentary systems associated with the earliest phases of formation and accretion of continental crust are characterized by first-cycle input from igneous and metamorphic rocks, whereas those associated with more mature cratons tend to be dominated by recycled sedimentary material.     

Chronology of early Archaean granite-greenstone evolution in the Barberton Mountain Land, South Africa, based on precise dating by single zircon evaporation

We report precise 207Pb/206Pb single zircon evaporation ages for low-grade felsic metavolcanic rocks within the Onverwacht and Fig Tree Groups of the Barberton Greenstone Belt (BGB), South Africa, and from granitoid plutons bordering the belt. Dacitic tuffs of the Hooggenoeg Formation in the upper part of the Onverwacht Group yield ages between 3445 +/- 3 and 3416 +/- 5 Ma and contain older crustal components represented by a 3504 +/- 4 Ma old zircon xenocryst. Fig Tree dacitic tuffs and agglomerates have euhedral zircons between 3259 +/- 5 and 3225 +/- 3 Ma in age which we interpret to reflect the time of crystallization. A surprisingly complex xenocryst population in one sample documents ages from 3323 +/- 4 to 3522 +/- 4 Ma. We suspect that these xenocrysts were inherited, during the passage of the felsic melts to the surface, from various sources such as greenstones and granitoid rocks now exposed in the form of tonalite-trondhjemite plutons along the southern and western margins of the BGB, and units predating any of the exposed greenstone or intrusive rocks. Several of the granitoids along the southern margin of the belt have zircon populations with ages between 3490 and 3440 Ma. coeval with or slightly older than Onverwacht felsic volcanism, while the Kaap Valley pluton along the northwestern margin of the belt is coeval with Fig Tree dacitic volcanism. These results emphasize the comagmatic relationships between greenstone felsic volcanic units and the surrounding plutonic suites. Some of the volcanic plutonic units contain zircon xenocrysts older than any exposed rocks. These indicate the existence of still older units, possibly stratigraphically lower and older portions of the greenstone sequence itself, older granitoid intrusive rocks, or bodies of older, unrelated crustal material. Our data show that the Onverwacht and Fig Tree felsic units have distinctly different ages and therefore do not represent a single, tectonically repeated unit as proposed by others. Unlike the late Archaean Abitibi greenstone belt in Canada, which formed over about 30 Ma. exposed rocks in the BGB formed over a period of at least 220 Ma. The complex zircon populations encountered in this study imply that conventional multigrain zircon dating may not accurately identify the time of felsic volcanic activity in ancient greenstones. A surprising similarity in rock types, tectonic evolution, and ages of the BGB in the Kaapvaal craton of southern Africa and greenstones in the Pilbara Block of Western Australia suggests that these two terrains may have been part of a larger crustal unit in early Archaean times.     

硫化物表面上合成金的矿物学研究

本文对人工合成的金晶体进行了化学成分、形貌特征、分布规律等内容的矿物学研究．研究发现：电镜下金颗粒多里等轴花瓣形,为自然金晶体的不规则集合体．能谱测试结果显示,金晶体的化学成分相当纯净。实验还发现,金颗粒在黄铁矿表面上并非均匀分布,多集中分布在晶棱、角顶和晶面凹形缺陷等高能量位置．{210}晶形表面上的金颗粒数目多于｛100｝晶形表面上的金颗粒。