硫化物矿物溶解度与溶液pH值的关系

硫化物作为自然界常见的一大类矿物 ,由于溶解度很小 ,硫化物对水pH值的影响以及水对它的溶解度影响往往被人们所忽视。通过计算常见硫化物矿物的自由能ΔG0f、溶度积Ksp和溶解度S、绘制logS—pH曲线 ,得出硫化物矿物在不同 pH值条件下的溶解规律 ,水溶液的pH值受硫化物矿物的控制 ;反过来 ,水溶液的pH值也影响着矿物溶解度的大小。此外 ,对硫化物矿物饱和溶液的缓冲范围、缓冲容量和硫化物与溶液pH值相互作用的机理进行了探讨     

利用形状函数解算体积

在工程测量中，经常需要解算各种形状的物体体积。本文介绍了一种求解体积的数值算法，即用一个数学单元近似表述物体的形状，然后再通过数值积分解算体积。定义数学单元时，要求它们必须经过物体表面边界上预先定义的８个或者２０个结点。实现该算法的计算机程序只需要一个简单的数据文件，其中包括结点坐标和结点个数。文中还给出了几个典型问题的解算结果，其精度可精确到３％，较好地满足了限差要求。     

通过对调查数据的趋势和多变量分析确定宏观场

通过多变(相关分析)和趋势分析等统计方法对宏观调查数据进行了解释.这种方法使我们通过评定不同宏观效应叠加的程度、估计调查数据的不确定性更客观地评定烈度.通过滤波确定烈度场的区域分量,使我们消除观测中的局部变化.给出了选取适当滤波参数的准则.本文应用这一方法对发生在意大利的一次地震的调查数据进行了处理.     

Surveillance for previously unmonitored organic contaminants in the San Francisco Estuary

The San Francisco Estuary Regional Monitoring Program initiated surveillance monitoring to identify previously unmonitored synthetic organic contaminants in the San Francisco Estuary. Organic extracts of water samples were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in full scan mode. The major contaminant classes identified in the samples were fire retardants, pesticides, personal care product ingredients, and plasticizers. Evidence from the literature suggests that some of these contaminants can persist in the environment, induce toxicity, and accumulate in marine biota and in higher food chain consumers. The major sources of these contaminants into the marine environment are the discharge of municipal and industrial wastewater effluents, urban stormwater, and agricultural runoff. As a proactive effort, it is suggested that surveillance studies be used routinely in monitoring programs to identify and prevent potential problem contaminants from harming the marine environment.     

常见载金矿物对金的吸附差异性实验研究

用模拟实验与理论综合分析相结合的方法,研究了黄铁矿等常见载金矿物对络合溶液体系中金的吸附差异性。结果表明：在Ａｕ（）－ＨＣｌ－Ｈ２Ｏ体系中,同一粒级的不同种载金矿物对金的吸附性显示出较大差异,其中黄铁矿的吸附性最强,大大超过其它载金矿物,金的吸附量高达８９％;其次是方铅矿、石英和毒砂;吸附性相对最弱的是黄铜矿,吸附量仅为９％。这与天然金矿床中上述各矿物的含金性情况基本一致,从吸附性角度为解释矿物的含金性差异提供了实验依据。     

硫化物吸附生成自然金的模拟实验

众所周知,绝大多数原生金矿床中的金总是与硫化物有关,并赋存于它们当中,应该说这是一个客观存在的普遍现象。为了搞清这一金矿成矿理论中的重要问题,本文采用模拟实验的方法,在AU（Ⅲ）-Cl络合溶液和硫化物共存体系中,成功地培育出金晶体,证明了金以络合物形式迁移、沉淀理论的正确性．实验还发现：pH值对高浓度Au（Ⅲ）-Cl溶液的稳定性影响很大,常温常压、fo2较大的情况下,当pH值大于5时,AU（Ⅲ）-Cl溶液将产生Au（OH）3沉淀。     

亏损太古代科马提岩中下地幔成分的氦同位素证据

太古代的富镁科马提岩来自于热的推测为深部地幔的源区，但其痕量元素组成和放射性同位素组成类似于现代洋中脊玄武岩，后者起源于上地幔。对从两个太古代科马提岩和一个中元古代科马提岩中分离出来的新鲜橄榄石进行连续碎样，抽取Ｈｅ以分析其同位素组成，发现其变化在富“Ｈｅ的放射性成因端元和富＾３Ｈｅ端元之间可达３个以上数量级。     

Integration of biochemical, histochemical and toxicogenomic indices for the assessment of health status of mussels from the Tamar Estuary, U.K

The aim of this study was to examine whether a combination of biochemical, histopathological and toxicogenomic data could be used as a valuable tool for the assessment of biological risk associated with pollutants within the Tamar River and Estuary, S.W. England, U.K. Accordingly, biochemical and histopathological biomarkers (protein carbonyls, lipofuscin, neutral lipids, lysosomal stability [N-acetyl-β-hexosaminidase and neutral red], lysosomal volume, ferric reducing antioxidant power [FRAP] and malonaldehyde [MDA]) and gene expression profiles were assessed in 5 sites from the Tamar River and Estuary (Neal Point, Town Quay, Wilcove, Cremyll Ferry and Whitsand; and a reference site, Trebarwith Strand, N. Cornwall). PAHs were measured in mussel tissue and sediment and metals were measured in mussel tissue only. Data from the biomarkers was integrated into a Mussel Expert System (MES) model to produce a simple assessment of mussel stress. Clear gradients of mussel toxicity were identified by the biomarkers (with the exception of neutral lipids) with the highest impacted animals found furthest up the Tamar, whilst the MES was unable to identify a gradient of effect. Gene expression profiles also indicated a gradient of stress with the greatest number of significantly up- or down- regulated genes found at the uppermost 2 sites. The MES did, however, determine that mussels from all sites, except the reference site, were highly stressed; a conclusion that could not be inferred from the biomarker data alone. It is concluded that the MES is a valuable tool that permits integration and interpretation of complex sets of biomarker data by identifying the biological meaning of biomarker changes.     

区域地质环境质量综合评价及应用研究

在地质环境质量评价研究中,地质环境分析方法的研究有待于进一步深化,需要探索一些更为具体、可操作性的方法。层次分析法是一种定性与定量相结合的多目标决策分析方法,是快速解决地质环境这种目标结构复杂问题的有效途径。文章以广东省恩平市地质环境质量评价为例,运用层次分析法对影响地质环境的因素进行分析,并利用GIS分析与层次分析法进行耦合,探讨其在地质环境质量评价中的应用。研究中选取坡度、岩土体类型、地质构造、年降雨量、人类活动等作为地质环境质量的评价因素,并提出了这些因素的提取与获得途径。通过计算机进行网络剖分及空间分析叠加,计算每个单元的质量评价指数,生成地质环境评价等值线,得出在整个研究区域内地质环境质量评价图。