Pollution history and recovery of a boreal lake exposed to a heavy bleached pulping effluent load

We examined the effects of heavy pulp mill discharges on the Lake Lievestuoreenjärvi ecosystem and the later recovery of diatom and chironomid communities from age-dated short core samples. Beginning in 1927 the lake received a heavy effluent load from a sulphite pulp mill. Except for the recession during the Second World War and the temporary closure of the mill from 1967 to 1971, the industrial load, containing large quantities of nutrients, organic matter and toxic compounds, increased continuously. In the early 1980s, laboratory documents were falsified by the directors of the mill and the systematic illegal effluent overload led to a collapse of the whole lake ecosystem. In 1985, the outdated plant was finally closed down. Based on the assessment of chemical properties and biological remains of the sediment, we distinguished five developmental phases in the ecological state of the lake. In the pre-industrial phase, the pelagic and profundal benthic communities were dominated by species preferring ultraoligotrophic or oligotrophic lakes. Concomitant with the increasing discharge and deposition of chlorine compounds, resin acids, and mercury, as well as strong acidity and hypolimnetic and epilimnetic anoxia, the ecological status changed in a short period from excellent to bad. Finally, in the early 1960s, the majority of the lake was virtually dead and the aquatic life survived only in the uppermost littoral zone. Since 1985, a fast recovery in the water quality has led to a strong, but temporary eutrophy in pelagic communities. The main peak of eutrophication was caused by the invasion of a species new to the lake,Aulacoseira granulata var.angustissima. Later, the pelagic communities shifted towards oligotrophy, but the original, pre-industrial status has not been re-established. The profundal benthic communities have not achieved the pre-industrial structure, but at present indicate mesotrophy.     

基于A- CGAN的深反射地震数据随机噪声压制方法研究

基于深度学习的地震数据噪声压制方法是当前地震数据去噪处理的重要方向。深度学习方法突破了传统滤波处理的局限,在对常规地震数据的噪声压制中表现出效率高、信噪分离效果好的特点。但针对深部弱有效反射数据,当前的深度学习方法特征提取能力有限,难以取得较好的去噪效果。笔者等结合深反射地震数据特点,针对当前深度学习噪声压制方法在特征提取及对数据集依赖上的局限,提出了基于注意力循环生成对抗网络(Attention Cycle- Consistent Generative Adversarial Networks,A- CGAN)的深反射地震数据随机噪声压制方法。借助循环一致生成对抗网络(Cycle- Consistent Generative Adversarial Networks,Cycle- GAN)的域映射思想,降低对数据集的要求。为了构建适用于深反射地震数据的去噪网络,从3个方面对Cycle- GAN进行改进：在Cycle- GAN的生成器（去噪器）中加入残差结构和注意力机制,用于加深网络深度和提高其特征提取能力;在Cycle- GAN的鉴别器中使用块判决,提高鉴别精度和准确度;在损失函数部分加入感知一致性损失函数,提升网络模型恢复纹理细节信息的能力。通过合成地震数据和实际深反射地震数据测试,验证了优化算法的有效性,体现了良好的应用价值。     

Synthesis of True Color Images from the Fengyun Advanced Geostationary Radiation Imager

The production of true color images requires observational data in the red,green,and blue(RGB)bands.The Ad-vanced Geostationary Radiation Imager(AGRI)onboard Ch...     

洞庭湖中枯水期水情变化及其驱动因素

为揭示洞庭湖中枯水期水情变化特征及其驱动因素,采用长短期记忆神经网络模拟洞庭湖出湖流量及湖区水位,通过情境模拟开展水情变化归因分析。洞庭湖1992—2019年9—10月出湖流量大幅减少,主要受长江流量降低的影响。洞庭湖中枯水期水位主要呈下降趋势,其中9—10月平均水位在西洞庭湖、南洞庭湖降幅约1 m,在东洞庭湖降幅约2 m。地形变化对中枯水期水位主要起拉低作用,长江和流域四水流量变化在9—10月起拉低作用、在12月至次年3月起抬升作用,其中对东洞庭湖水位的影响相对更为显著。研究结果可为洞庭湖中枯水期水资源管理和湿地保护提供参考。     

滇东北松梁铅锌矿床控矿断裂构造岩微量元素的R型因子分析及其地质意义

通过因子分析这种常用的多元统计方法来揭示元素之间、样品之问以及与地质作用之间的相互关系,了解其中蕴藏着丰富的成矿信息,为研究成矿物质来源和矿床成因提供依据.在研究滇东北巧家松梁铅锌矿床地质特征的基础,以其中Ⅰ号矿体的控矿断裂(F5断裂)内的构造岩为R型因子,得到4组元素组合因子并综合成矿地质条件因子进行分析,结果表明:该矿床严格受构造控制,碳酸盐化蚀变和铅、锌矿化发生在不同的成矿阶段;成矿流体并非完全来自地层,主要来源于深源流体;铅锌等成矿物质具有"多源性",部分来自于地层(白云岩),部分来自于与基底岩石有联系的成矿流体.客矿断裂带内的构造岩裂隙发育,铅锌成矿流体有选择性地沿碎基多、破碎强烈的裂隙充填胶结成矿,矿床应该属赋存于碳酸盐岩中的热液型铅锌矿床.     

水热法从钾长石中提取钾、硅、铝的实验研究

通过水热化学反应将钾长石中的钾、硅和铝转变为可溶性组份,具有十分重要的应用价值.本文用单因素实验考察了不同水热反应实验条件对钾长石中钾、硅、铝溶出率的影响,并根据溶出率结果优化了反应条件.单因素实验结果表明:(1)在190℃条件下,随生石灰加入量的逐渐增加,产物中各元素的溶出率有一个先增加后减少的趋势.(2)在相同的生石灰、钾长石比例下,当反应16 h后,产物中各元素的溶出率随反应时间的延长趋于平缓.(3)随反应温度的逐渐增加,产物中各元素的溶出率逐渐增加.     

南亚热带富营养化抽水型水库轮虫的组成与动态

大镜山水库位于广东省珠海市,是一座供应珠海市和澳门特别行政区饮水的抽水型中型水库.抽水改变了水体的水动力过程以及水体生态系统的动态过程.为了解这一动态过程中轮虫的群落结构及环境冈子对轮虫的影响,于2005年1-12月,每月一次对该水库敞水区进行了采样调查.共采集到轮虫32种,其中,臂尾轮科12种,异尾轮科、腔轮科各有4种,它们主要是热带、亚热带地区的常见种和优势种类.热带龟甲轮虫(Keratella tropica)、对棘异尾轮虫(Trichocerea stylata)、螺形龟甲轮虫(Keratella cochlearis)、迈氏三肢轮虫(Filinia maior)、裂痕龟纹轮虫(Anuraeopsis fissa)、角突臂尾轮虫(Brachionus angularis)、剪形臂尾轮虫(Brachionus forficula)、卵形无柄轮虫(Ascomorpha ovalis)、敞水胶鞘轮虫(Collotheea pelagiea)和卜氏品囊轮虫(Asplanchna brightwelli)为优势种,这些优势种个体小、具有硬被甲.轮虫的多样性指数在0.29-0.81之间变动,与相同营养水平的湖泊相比,大镜山水库轮虫的种类数和多样性指数均较低,轮虫丰度和生物量的分布范围分别为21-1094ind./L和4.04-1127μg/L,高峰期均出现在2月和5月,二者具有相似的动态特征.轮虫个体的大小范围在50-620μm之间,轮虫种类和丰度的组成均以200μm以下的小型个体为主,如裂痕龟纹轮虫、角突臂尾轮虫等,轮虫生物量组成主要是以200-400μm的中型个体为主,如卜氏晶囊轮虫、萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus Calyeiflorus)等,温度、透明度、浮游植物生物量和蓝藻生物量是影响水库轮虫群落结构特征和动态的主要环境因子.     

Seasonal change in body length of important small copepods and relationship with environmental factors in Jiaozhou Bay,China

Differences among species in prosome length and in species’ response to environmental factors do exist. Therefore, it is useful to examine prosome length for different copepod species in variable environments. Seasonal variations in prosome length of four small copepods and their copepodite stages in the Jiaozhou Bay were compared and the relative influence of temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll concentration were examined. Two peaks were found in the mean prosome length of Paracalanus parvus (in early winter and May). For Acartia bifilosa, the maximum values of all copepodites occurred mainly from February to April, and decreased to the bottom in July. Prosome length of Acartia pacifica peaked when it first appeared in June, then reached to the minimum in July. Parvocalanus crassirostris only appeared from late summer to autumn and the mean prosome length showed no clear changes. Correlations of adult prosome length with environmental factors were evaluated. For the four species, temperature was negatively correlated to prosome length except for P. crassirostris. But the different species varied markedly in their responds to temperature. A. bifilosa showed a more definite trend of size variation with temperature than P. parvus and A. pacifica. Correlations of prosome length with salinity were significantly positive for almost all the small copepods. The relationship between chlorophyll concentration and prosome length was complicated for these copepods, but for P. parvus, chlorophyll concentration was also an important affecting factor. Furthermore, investigation needs to be done on food quality for some copepod. These results are essential to estimate the biomass and the production, and to understand these small copepods’ population dynamics in this human-affected bay.     

Thickness distribution and extent of sea ice and snow in Prydz Bay and surrounding waters observed in 2012/2013 austral summer

Three ship-based observational campaigns were conducted to survey sea ice and snow in Prydz Bay and the surrounding waters(64.40°S–69.40°S, 76.11°E–81.29°E) from 28 November 2012 to 3 February 2013. In this paper, we present the sea ice extent and its variation, and the ice and snow thickness distributions and their variations with time in the observed zone. In the pack ice zone, the southern edge of the pack ice changed little, whereas the northern edge retreated significantly during the two earlier observation periods. Compared with the pack ice, the fast ice exhibited a significantly slower variation in extent with its northernmost edge retreating southwards by 6.7 km at a rate of 0.37 km?d-1. Generally, ice showed an increment in thickness with increasing latitude from the end of November to the middle of December. Ice and snow thickness followed an approximate normal distribution during the two earlier observations(79.7±28.9 cm, 79.1±19.1 cm for ice thickness, and 11.6±6.1 cm, 9.6±3.4 cm for snow thickness, respectively), and the distribution tended to be more concentrated in mid-December than in late November. The expected value of ice thickness decreased by 0.6 cm, whereas that of snow thickness decreased by 2 cm from 28 November to 18 December 2012. Ice thickness distribution showed no obvious regularity between 31 January and 3 February, 2013.     

海洋纤维增强热塑性立管极限承载拉力预测方法

海洋新型纤维增强热塑性立管因其可盘卷、耐腐蚀、耐疲劳和轻质化等优点,在深水油气开发中应用前景十分广阔。热塑性立管具有复合材料的各向异性、受力耦合效应及复杂的本构关系,且承受浮体运动和复杂海洋环境载荷,其失效模式尚未明确。针对轴对称载荷作用下纤维增强热塑性立管极限承载力问题,进行热塑性管稳态热传导和热应力的理论推导,求解了稳态温度和应力分布,首次给出了在任意温度载荷作用下管体径向位移的解析解,并直接求解其径向、轴向、环向和剪切应力。采用各向同性层Von Mises和各向异性层最大应力（Max Stress）准则或Tsai-Hill准则判定热塑性管的失效,基于应力分布、失效准则和二分法计算了热塑性管的极限载荷。温度载荷、纤维铺设角度和径厚比对管道的应力分布影响显著。不同温度载荷会改变失效指数沿径向的变化趋势,增大轴向拉力将增大热塑性管的失效指数,选用不同的失效准则在管体失效判定上存在一定的差异。热塑性管温度越低、纤维铺设角越小及径厚比越大,管道对轴向拉伸载荷的承载能力越强。