不同边界层参数化方案在中国西南地区东部高分辨率气候模拟中的敏感性研究

为了进一步评估和提高区域模式对西南地区东部高分辨率气候的模拟能力,利用 WRF模式,采用 多种边界层参数化方案（下称“不同方案”）对西南地区东部 1998—2019年夏季降水和气温进行双重嵌套模拟 （外层为D01,内层为D02）。对比不同方案模拟结果表明：多年平均降水量在D01中基本为湿偏差;D02中在四 川盆地和重庆低海拔地区为干偏差,湿偏差主要位于贵州和重庆的城口、石柱和武隆一带的地形复杂区;总体 上D01中ACM2方案误差最小,D02中MYJ方案误差最小。对多年平均气温的模拟在D01中除了四川盆地一 带为暖偏差外其余大部地区基本为冷偏差,D02 中大部地区为暖偏差;总体上 D01 和 D02 中 MYJ方案误差最 小,YSU方案最大。对于降水量和平均气温年际变化的模拟技巧在D01和D02中相对较高的地区均集中在重 庆中西部和湖北大部地区;降水量总体为 YSU 方案最高,MYJ 方案最低;平均气温总体为 MYJ 方案最高, ACM2方案最低。因此,提升模式分辨率至对流尺度后对不同气象要素模拟技巧最优的方案存在差异,需根据 业务情况选择适合本地的参数化方案。     

利用星载和地基激光雷达分析2019年5月东亚沙尘天气过程

2019年5月中旬,中国北方出现大范围沙尘暴天气,此次天气过程持续时间较长,影响范围较大.利用星载激光雷达CALIOP(Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization)和地基激光雷达AD-NET(Asian Dust and aerosol lidar observat...     

天津市地面沉降区地下水开采指标综合评定方法研究

实行地面沉降控制和地下水资源的统一管理,是天津市地面沉降防治工作的特色。本文针对地下水超采是影响天津市地面沉降主要因素的现状,通过对多年地面沉降监测以及地下水资源开发利用数据的分析,首先在全市范围内初步确定各乡镇2007年地下水开采指标或维持2005年实际开采水平,或选用一元回归分析方法建立地面沉降预测模型。在建模过程中,应用地质系统科学理论,综合考虑2001～2005年各年度地面沉降和地下水水位动态,将天津市划分为若干个子系统,每一子系统作为一个回归分析单元。为了将各计算单元的预测结果具体到各乡镇地下水资源开采指标制定中,结合各乡镇地面沉降现状和地下水替换水源条件,并根据计算单元内各乡镇地下水开采强度、地下水超采程度、沉降敏感度以及地下水位超限程度等因素进行压采规模的综合分级。这一方法已得到我市相关水资源管理部门的认同,并取得了较好的实践效果。     

基于GIS的宁夏路网空间特征研究

宁夏回族自治区作为我国唯一的省级回族集聚地区,是一个很独特的地理-人口-交通单元,也是连接华北和西北的重要节点.以宁夏的交通路网数据为基础,通过设置阻抗改进网络分析法,并结合成本距离算法和GIS空间分析计算2011、2017年和2023年的县(区)可达性,研究全区路网的空间结构特征,并提出路网发展的决策建议.研究表明:...     

Comparisons of Salinity Adaptation in Terms of Growth,Body Composition,and Energy Budget in Juveniles of Rainbow and Steelhead Trouts (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

This study examined the effect of different salinities(0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30) on the growth performance and energy budget of juveniles of two different ecotypes of Oncorhynchus mykiss, landlocked rainbow trout and anadromous steelhead trout. In the 42 d experiment, fish were cultured in three replicate tanks per salinity treatment(eight fish per tank). At the end of the experiment, the growth of rainbow and steelhead trouts was significantly higher at salinities of 5 and 10, respectively, than at all other salinities. The protein, lipid and energy content of both ecotypes declined with the increase of salinity. Based on their energy budgets, the percentage of energy consumed for growth by rainbow and steelhead trouts were significantly higher at salinities of 5(34.00% ±1.69%) and 10(43.76% ± 1.29%), respectively, than at all other salinities. The percentage of energy consumed for respiration by rainbow and steelhead trouts was lower at salinities of 5(54.90% ± 1.77%) and 10(46.73% ± 0.62%), respectively, than at all other salinities. Our results indicated that the salinity adaptation ability of juvenile steelhead trout was slightly better than that of juvenile rainbow trout, and salinities of 10 and 5, respectively, were most suitable for growth of these two fishes.     

潜流带生物地球化学特征研究进展

潜流带(即地表水-地下水交互作用带)是位于地表水和地下水之间发生物质和能量交换的,具有物理、化学、生物梯度的饱和含水带。潜流带内发生着强烈的生物地球化学过程,在改善水环境质量和维持水生态系统稳定中发挥着重要作用。潜流带生物地球化学特征主要受河床沉积物结构特征、水文特征、环境特征、生物群落格局、物质输入等因素的影响,潜流带内C、N、P元素以及有毒金属元素(Fe、Mn、As、Hg等)会发生氧化-还原、吸附与解吸、沉淀与溶解、生物催化等生物地球化学过程。原位监测、数值模拟、原位培养和地球物理探测等技术是潜流带中生物地球化学过程研究中常用的研究手段。未来针对潜流带的研究可以从监测和数值模拟技术、河床沉积物变化特征以及微生物生态系统的结构和功能等方面进一步开展。     

波浪能发电平台系泊系统耦合动力响应及水动力分析

本文以一种新型波浪能发电平台为研究对象,分别采用基于三维势流理论的软件Sesam和基于有限体积法的Flow3D软件,对平台和发电浮子进行水动力分析。应用Sesam-HydroD模块计算了平台和发电浮子在频域内的运动响应,将平台和发电浮子的垂荡运动响应进行对比分析,结果表明,在正常海况下,平台与发电浮子垂荡运动相对幅值满足捕能系统的发电需求。应用Flow3D软件对平台整体进行水动力分析,结果表明,平台与发电浮子相对运动振幅在0.3～0.4m间,可满足发电需求。在此基础之上,应用Orcaflex软件,通过时域耦合动力分析的方法,计算了平台在自存工况和作业工况下的运动响应和系泊缆动张力响应,结果表明:在自存工况下,平台锚泊线的安全系数符合规范要求,平台具有良好的安全性能,能够适应恶劣的海洋环境;在作业工况下,平台的垂荡运动响应对波浪方向变化并不敏感,捕能系统不受波浪方向变化的影响,满足发电需求。另外,本文的研究结果能为类似的海洋平台的研究提供建议和参考。     

Archaeal community structure in sediments from a seamount in the Mariana Volcanic Arc

Seamounts are subsurface mountains in the ocean. Examination of the abundance and distribution of Archaea in seamount ecosystems may provide a better understanding of their ecological functions. Most studies of marine archaeal assemblages in seamount area have focused on hydrothermal vents or ferromanganese crusts. We investigated the archaeal communities from a seamount of the Mariana Volcanic Arc, in the tropical western Pacific Ocean by using high-throughput sequencing. Thaumarchaeota was dominant in the sediments of all sample stations. Community diversity and species richness were greatest at stations near the top of the seamount, and lowest at the deepest station. One sample station on the steep southeast slope that faced the Yap-Mariana trench had a unique composition of Archaea. In summary, depth has an important influence on archaeal community structure, and the geographic properties and sediment characteristics may explain the unique distribution patterns of Archaea in this seamount. This study provides a foundation for future research on Archaea in seamounts.     

Microbial diversity in Huguangyan Maar Lake of China revealed by high-throughput sequencing

Huguangyan Maar Lake is a typical maar lake in the southeast of China. It is well preserved and not disturbed by anthropogenic activities. In this study, microbial community structures in sediment and water samples from Huguangyan Maar Lake were investigated using a high-throughput sequencing method. We found significant differences between the microbial community compositions of the water and the sediment. The sediment samples contained more diverse Bacteria and Archaea than did the water samples. Actinobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Deltaproteobacteria predominated in the water samples while Deltaproteobacteria, Anaerolineae, Nitrospira, and Dehalococcoidia were the major bacterial groups in the sediment. As for Archaea, Woesearchaeota (DHVEG-6), unclassified Archaea, and Deep Sea Euryarchaeotic Group were detected at higher abundances in the water, whereas the Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotic Group, Thermoplasmata, and Methanomicrobia were significantly more abundant in the sediment. Interactions between Bacteria and Archaea were common in both the water column and the sediment. The concentrations of major nutrients (NO^3-, PO4^3-, SiO3^2- and NH4^+) shaped the microbial population structures in the water. At the higher phylogenetic levels including phylum and class, many of the dominant groups were those that were also abundant in other lakes;however, novel microbial populations (unclassified) were often seen at the lower phylogenetic levels. Our study lays a foundation for examining microbial biogeochemical cycling in sequestered lakes or reservoirs.     

GNSS精密轨道产品不连续性分析及评估

按照目前的国际规范, 高精度GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System)轨道产品一般以天为周期进行发布, 提供给用户使用. 连续使用多天的产品存在不同天间的跳变问题. 利用德国地学研究中心(GFZ)、欧洲定轨中心(COD)、欧空局(ESA)、美国喷气试验室(JPL)以及上海天文台(SHA)共5个GNSS分析中心2013---2017年的轨道产品, 分析了轨道跳变的特性. 计算结果表明: GFZ、COD、ESA、SHA和JPL的3维轨道跳变平均分别为7.79cm、1.51cm、7.77cm、11.75cm和2.51cm. 轨道跳变序列的周期特性分析表明: 序列存在90d、120d、340d左右的显著周期项, 对应于海潮对地球自转的影响, 其振幅为数毫米至1cm左右. 表明精密轨道确定需要进一步精化该项模型; GPS的跳变序列还存在与卫星星座相关的175d和352d左右的交点年显著周期项. 此外, 针对COD产品外推轨道的分析, 验证了地球反照辐射压和太阳光压模型等动力学模型对轨道的差异.