前陆盆地砂岩中的重复性地层模式及其构造意义

通过比较各段中每个准层序的进积规模和各次层序海相上倾终端的位置，在犹他州上白垩统布莱克霍克组的段内建立了两种独特的重复出现的堆叠地层模式。在同一段内，不论层序界面是否分隔开准层序，最虫的准层序总是比较晚的准层序进积较远。其结果是在各段中，进积距离的样式导致了从先进积到后加积的地层堆叠模式。     

谈谈建立金矿地质—地球物理模型问题

文中讨论了建立金矿床地质-地球物理模型的有关问题.地球物理方法找金是间接的,所建立的模型是地质成矿环境模型.建模应从“实际模型”开始,然后抽象归纳出“概括模型”.要重视物性参数模型的建立,它是建立地质模型和地球物理模型的桥梁.     

^137Cs法测算黄土高原土壤侵蚀速率的初步研究

核尘埃~(137)Cs降落到地表后,被土壤胶粒强烈吸附,集中分布于0—25cm的土壤表层。土壤剖面的~(137)Cs总量随土壤的流失而减少。根据黄土农耕地和非农耕地土壤的~(137)Cs流失模式,推导了它们的流失量和侵蚀速率的相关公式。根据陕西洛川黑木沟和山西离石羊道沟的13个土壤剖面的~(137)Cs含量测试结果,求得的黑木沟草坡覆盖的老谷坡和新谷坡的侵蚀速率分别为1400 t/km~2·a和5700t/km~2·a;羊道沟梁峁坡农耕地的侵蚀速率为3270—6030 t/km~2·a;裸露新谷坡的侵蚀速率大于8000 t/km~2·a。     

Perturbation of gene expression and steroidogenesis with in vitro exposure of fathead minnow ovaries to ketoconazole

Ketoconazole is a fungicidal drug that inhibits function of cytochrome P450s in the synthesis of steroids. To examine if inhibition of P450 function affects gene expression in a dynamic manner, we conducted in vitro exposures of ovary tissue from fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) to 0.5 microM ketoconazole to investigate effects on steroid production and gene expression over time. Expression of four key steroidogenesis genes was examined at 1, 6, and 12h of exposure. 11 beta- and 20 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases were down regulated at 1h and Cytochrome P450 17 was down-regulated at 12h, consistent with the absence of steroid production. In contrast, cytochrome P450 19A was up-regulated at 6h, indicating feedback regulation. Microarray analysis of 12h exposures indicated enrichment of biological processes involved in neurotransmitter secretion, lymphocyte cell activation, sodium ion transport, and embryonic development. These data suggest that, with the exception of cytochrome P450 19A, these steroid metabolic genes are regulated in a feed forward manner and that the effects of ketoconazole may be broader than anticipated based on the mechanism of action alone.     

Why are hatching and emergence success low? Mercury and selenium concentrations in nesting leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) and their young in Florida

Leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) have low hatching and emergence success compared to other sea turtle species. Postmortem examinations of hatchlings showed degeneration of heart and skeletal muscle that was similar to that found in other neonates with selenium deficient mothers. Selenium deficiency can result from elevated concentrations of bodily mercury. Ingested mercury is detoxified by the liver through mercury-selenium compound formation. In animals persistently exposed to mercury, the liver’s ability to detoxify this element may decrease, especially if dietary selenium is insufficient. We measured mercury and selenium concentrations in nesting female leatherbacks and their hatchlings from Florida and compared the levels to hatching and emergence success. Both liver selenium and the liver selenium-to-mercury ratio positively correlated with leatherback hatching and emergence success. This study provides the first evidence for the roles of mercury and selenium in explaining low reproductive success in a globally imperiled species, the leatherback sea turtle.     

Effects of alumina refinery wastewater and signature metal constituents at the upper thermal tolerance of: 2. The early life stages of the coral Acropora tenuis

The success of early life history transitions of the coral Acropora tenuis were used as endpoints to evaluate thermal stress and the effects of wastewater discharged to a tropical marine environment. The studies assessed the effects of: (i) temperature; (ii) three signature metals of the wastewater, aluminium (Al), vanadium (V) and gallium (Ga); and (iii) the wastewater (at 27 °C and 32 °C) on fertilisation and larval metamorphosis. The median inhibition temperatures for fertilisation and metamorphosis were 32.8 °C and 33.0 °C, respectively. Fertilisation IC₅₀s for Al, V and Ga were 2997, 2884 and 3430 μg L⁻¹, respectively. Metamorphosis IC₅₀s for Al, V and Ga were 1945, 675 and 3566 μg L⁻¹, respectively. The wastewater only affected fertilisation and metamorphosis at moderate concentrations (IC₅₀s = 63% and 67%, v/v, respectively, at 27 °C), posing a low risk to this species in the field. The effects of wastewater and temperature on fertilisation and metamorphosis were additive.