岩石层,软流层和外围层（三）

5 外围层很明显,岩石层和软流层已经失去了它在现代地质学和地球化学文献中最初确切的地球物理含义。很难讨论OLB,CFB和MORB储层可能位置,因为现在预想它们与岩石层、软流层、上地幔和下地幔有联系。富集的、亏损的和较少亏损的岩浆很可能都起源于上地幔。甚至亏损上地幔的主张也需要热柱头或分层的CL在需要热点岩浆时局部补充软流层,或者用各种构造环境中的岩浆解释CL,热柱或下地幔。有一个时期曾经把大陆玄武岩的全部富集归因于地壳污染。那么在通过地壳之前,浅部地幔需要有一些玄武岩和富集方     

Isolation of differentially expressed genes from contaminant exposed European flounder by suppressive, subtractive hybridisation

Commercially farmed European flounder (Platichthys flesus) were treated with benzo[a]pyrene or cadmium under controlled laboratory conditions. In addition, animals were collected from the polluted Tyne and relatively clean Alde estuaries in the UK. Potential differentially expressed genes were isolated from liver tissue by means of suppressive, subtractive hybridisation. A total of 284 different mRNAs were identified as having the potential for being differentially expressed, of which 84 could be tentatively identified by homology with database sequences. These clones will form part of a flounder cDNA array for validation and future applications, with full identification being pursued for those expressed sequence tags for which differential expression can be confirmed by array technology.     

Simulating a lake as a high-conductivity variably saturated porous medium

One approach for simulating ground water–lake interactions is to incorporate the lake into the ground water solution domain as a high-conductivity region. Previous studies have developed this approach using fully saturated models. This study extends this approach to variably saturated models, so that ground water–lake interactions may be more easily simulated with commonly used or public domain variably saturated codes that do not explicitly support coupled lake–water balance modeling. General guidelines are developed for the choices of saturated hydraulic conductivity and moisture retention and relative permeability curves for the lake region. When applied to an example ground water–lake system, model results are very similar to those from a model in which the lake is represented as a specified head boundary continuously updated by a lake mass balance. The high-conductivity region approach is most suitable for relatively simple geometries and lakes with slower and smaller fluctuations when the overall flow pattern and system fluxes, rather than the detailed flow pattern around the intersection of the lake and land surfaces, are of interest.     

Persistence of petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in sediments of the canals in Venice,Italy: 1995 and 1998

Total hydrocarbon and selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) levels were examined in sediments collected from known problematic areas in the canals of Venice, Italy, in 1995 and 1998. Hydrocarbon concentrations were greatest in the interior canals, moderate in the partially enclosed locations and lowest in the open-water sites. Total hydrocarbon and PAH concentrations declined from 1995 to 1998. Ancillary data suggest that this decline may have been in response to the elimination of many industrial activities in the lagoon and to initiating an aggressive canal dredging program. The distributions of individual components were generally similar both years regardless of the total PAH concentration or the location of sample collected. PAH alkyl homolog distributions suggest that atmospheric deposition of petrochemical combustion products is the main source of PAHs to Venice's sediments. In some cases however, the presence of low levels of the two-ring naphthalene homologous series indicate additional low-level inputs of fresh oil.