中尺度对流系统形成的中层气旋性涡旋

尽管每年美国中部有许多对流系统出现,但一些对流复合体的碎云砧消散或移走之后,在卫星云图上只有少数可以很好地确定为典型的中层涡旋.本文介绍1981-1988年中尺度对流系统生成涡旋(MCV)事件的气候分析结果,并讨论涡旋环流明显时的天气背景.针对许多个例,用最近的探测资料考查了卫星云图判别的MCVs每个发展阶段的运动学和热力学特征.对MCVs的形成和维持似乎有益的大尺度环境场特征包括弱的气流、弱的垂直切变、弱的环境相对涡度以及强的水平和垂直湿度梯度.可以用涡度方程的形变项解释观测到的中尺度涡旋快速生成的情形. 大多数MCVs出现在MCC型(即圆形的)系统中,但所有记录的个例(1981-1988出现在美国中部的24次事件)中只有一半起源于那些在大小和生命期上满足Maddox严格的MCC判据.此外,因为一些MCVs从尺度小且生命期相对短的对流系统中出现,所以,天气背景以及潜热释放的数量可能成为决定MCSs是否导致MCVs产生的重要控制因子.大多数MCVs(80%)首先在40°N以南观测到.既然许多对流系统在40°N以北形成,所以,MCVs在偏北地区稀少的现象并不是该地区缺乏对流系统的结果.     

First Results from Viper: Detection of Small-scale Anisotropy at 40 GHz

Using all available major samples of Seyfert galaxies and their corresponding closely matched control samples of nonactive galaxies, we find that the bar ellipticities (or axial ratios) in Seyfert galaxies are systematically different from those in nonactive galaxies. Overall, there is a deficiency of bars with large ellipticities (i.e., "thin" or "strong" bars) in Seyfert galaxies compared to nonactive galaxies. Accompanied with a large dispersion due to small number statistics, this effect is strictly speaking at the 2 sigma level. To obtain this result, the active galaxy samples of near-infrared surface photometry were matched to those of normal galaxies in type, host galaxy ellipticity, absolute magnitude, and, to some extent, redshift. We discuss possible theoretical explanations of this phenomenon within the framework of galactic evolution, and, in particular, of radial gas redistribution in barred galaxies. Our conclusions provide further evidence that Seyfert hosts differ systematically from their nonactive counterparts on scales of a few kiloparsecs.     

Long-Term Landscape Evolution of the Northparkes Region of the Lachlan Fold Belt, Australia: Constraints from Fission Track and Paleomagnetic Data

Apatite fission track thermochronology (AFTT) and paleomagnetic (PM) results have been used to constrain the Late Paleozoic to Cenozoic landscape evolution of the Lachlan Fold Belt (LFB) around the Northparkes copper-gold deposit in east-central New South Wales. The present-day landscape of this region of the LFB is relatively flat with little expression of the underlying rock and has previously been interpreted to indicate long-term stability of the region since the end of LFB orogenesis in the Early Carboniferous. This was presumably borne out by PM analyses from thick weathered horizons within open pits at the mine, which suggested that significant periods of weathering, and hence relative landscape stability, prevailed during the Early to middle Carboniferous and at some time during the Cenozoic. Results from AFTT analyses, however, indicate that the region must have experienced significant episodes of cooling/denudation during the mid-Permian to mid-Triassic and during the early Cenozoic, as well as episodes of heating/burial during the Late Carboniferous to mid-Permian and during the late Mesozoic. When combined, the AFTT and PM results are in fact consistent and indicate that since the late Paleozoic the landscape of the LFB around the Northparkes deposit has evolved through multiple episodes of denudation and deposition as well as periods of relative stability during which the thick weathering horizons formed. Together these results establish a complementary chronological framework that constrains the Late Palaeozoic to Cenozoic landscape evolution of the Northparkes region and highlights the importance of using dual data sets in elucidating the long-term landscape evolution of similar "stable" terranes.     

脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)组织蛋白酶D基因的克隆及其表达分析

采用RACE技术获得了总长为1853bp的脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)组织蛋白酶D基因全长cDNA序列。该基因5′和3′非编码区分别为120bp和572bp,开放阅读框为1161bp,推测编码386个氨基酸,预测分子量为42.36kDa,理论等电点为7.54,命名为EcCatD基因。同源性和系统进化分析表明,EcCatD基因与斑节对虾、美洲螯龙虾的相似性分别为86%和80%,与斑节对虾和美洲螯龙虾紧密聚为一支。荧光定量RT-PCR结果表明,EcCatD基因在血细胞中的相对表达量最高,其次为肝胰腺。该基因在鳗弧菌和WSSV感染后的脊尾白虾血细胞和肝胰腺中的表达量显著增加,并具有不同的时空表达趋势。结果表明EcCatD基因在脊尾白虾免疫反应中具有重要作用。