模拟的超级单体雷暴旋转和辐散分量的动能收支

一、引言实际发展中的强风暴,尤其是产生陆龙卷的强风暴的一般特点是,准定常旋转环流相对平均气流是倾斜的.Lilly(1982,1983)提出,旋转的发展首先是扩大风暴范围,进而使风暴结构稳定.在他1986年的文章里,他用线性分析方法指出了三维浮力对流元对平均气流垂直切变有反应,即增加绕垂直轴的旋转,从平均气流中获得旋转动能.通过进     

国外勘查地球物理工作现状和发展趋势

概略介绍了国外勘查地球物理工作的现状和某些发展趋势,其中着重介绍利用地球物理方法进行区域地质调查和地壳、上地幔调查、寻找深部隐伏矿床、计算矿产储量和研究环境地质问题.还提到勘查地球物理方法技术的重大进展.在介绍现状的同时,力图指出勘查地球物理的一些新的应用领域、新的方法技术和发展思路.     

Assessing the impact of nutrient enrichment in estuaries: susceptibility to eutrophication

The main aim of this study was to develop a generic tool for assessing risks and impacts of nutrient enrichment in estuaries. A simple model was developed to predict the magnitude of primary production by phytoplankton in different estuaries from nutrient input (total available nitrogen and/or phosphorus) and to determine likely trophic status. In the model, primary production is strongly influenced by water residence times and relative light regimes. The model indicates that estuaries with low and moderate light levels are the least likely to show a biological response to nutrient inputs. Estuaries with a good light regime are likely to be sensitive to nutrient enrichment, and to show similar responses, mediated only by site-specific geomorphological features. Nixon's scale was used to describe the relative trophic status of estuaries, and to set nutrient and chlorophyll thresholds for assessing trophic status. Estuaries identified as being eutrophic may not show any signs of eutrophication. Additional attributes need to be considered to assess negative impacts. Here, likely detriment to the oxygen regime was considered, but is most applicable to areas of restricted exchange. Factors which limit phytoplankton growth under high nutrient conditions (water residence times and/or light availability) may favour the growth of other primary producers, such as macrophytes, which may have a negative impact on other biological communities. The assessment tool was developed for estuaries in England and Wales, based on a simple 3-category typology determined by geomorphology and relative light levels. Nixon's scale needs to be validated for estuaries in England and Wales, once more data are available on light levels and primary production.     

Can sodium hypochlorite reduce the risk of species introductions from diapausing invertebrate eggs in non-ballasted ships?

Many transoceanic vessels enter the Great Lakes carrying residual ballast water and sediment that harbours live animals and diapausing eggs. In this study, we examine the potential for sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) to reduce the risk of species introductions from diapausing invertebrate eggs in residual ballast sediment. We collected sediment from three transoceanic vessels and from Lake Erie and exposed them to NaOCl concentrations between 0 and 10,000 mg/L for 24 h. Hatching success was reduced by >89% in all four experiments at 1,000 mg/L relative to unexposed controls. Fewer species hatched at high than at low NaOCl concentrations. Based on an average residual ballast of 46.8 tonnes, the volume of NaOCl required to treat inbound vessels is 374 L. Impacts of NaOCl use could be minimized by neutralization of treated residuals with sodium bisulfite. Further research is needed, however, to evaluate the effect of NaOCl on ballast tank corrosion.     

国外勘查地球物理的若干进展─1994年

国外勘查地球物理的若干进展─１９９４年崔霖沛，吴其斌（中国地质矿产信息研究院，北京１０００３７）美国勘查地球物理学家协会（ＳＥＧ）主席Ｍ．Ｓｃｈｏｅｎｂｅｒｓｅｒ在１９９４年年会的致辞中谈到，西方国家物探总投资从１９８７到９１年递增２０％，如照此速度...     

各向异性三度体磁场的计算

磁化率各向异性的地质体是分布非常广泛的异常形成体。例如,铁矿建造岩石是我国主要的铁矿基地,具有明显的各向异性。