VLA Imaging of the Disk Surrounding the Nearby Young Star TW Hydrae

The TW Hydrae system is perhaps the closest analog to the early solar nebula. We have used the Very Large Array to image TW Hya at wavelengths of 7 mm and 3.6 cm with resolutions of 0&farcs;1 ( approximately 5 AU) and 1&farcs;0 ( approximately 50 AU), respectively. The 7 mm emission is extended and appears dominated by a dusty disk of radius greater than 50 AU surrounding the star. The 3.6 cm emission is unresolved and likely arises from an ionized wind or gyrosynchrotron activity. The dust spectrum and spatially resolved 7 mm images of the TW Hya disk are fitted by a simple model with temperature and surface density described by radial power laws, T&parl0;r&parr0;~r-0.5 and Sigma&parl0;r&parr0;~r-1. These properties are consistent with an irradiated gaseous accretion disk of mass approximately 0.03 M middle dot in circle with an accretion rate approximately 10-8 M middle dot in circle yr-1 and viscosity parameter alpha=0.01. The estimates of mass and mass accretion rates are uncertain since the gas-to-dust ratio in the TW Hya disk may have evolved from the standard interstellar value.     

桂东南云开变质地区的大地构造特征

桂东南云开地区的基底主要由前寒武纪为质表壳岩与为形变质花岗岩组成，晚古生代、中生代盖层相当薄。该地块形成于晚前寒武纪，它在古生代向北运移并同时发生左旋旋转。这一事件奠定了该区的构造格局。在中二叠世末的东吴运动期间， 该地块作为一个变质地体最终与钦州沉积地体拼合。文章重新对云开地区的大地构造特征进行了认识，认为该区的为质基底中存在晋宁期甚至前晋宁期地质体及相应的地质事件。     

Ion-molecule calculation of the abundance ratio of CCD to CCH in dense interstellar clouds

Laboratory measurements and calculations have been performed to determine the abundance ratio of the deuterated ethynyl radical (CCD) to the normal radical (CCH) which can be achieved in dense interstellar clouds via isotopic fractionation in the C2H2+ (HD) = C2HD+ (H2) system of reactions. According to this limited treatment, the CCD/CCH abundance ratio which can be attained is in the range 0.02-0.03 for the Orion molecular cloud and 0.01-0.02 for TMC-1. These ranges of numbers are in reasonable agreement with the observed values in Orion and TMC-1. However, the analysis of the CCD/CCH abundance ratio is complicated via the presence of competing fractionation mechanisms, especially in the low-temperature source TMC-1.     

Calculations concerning the HCO+/HOC+ abundance ratio in dense interstellar clouds

Calculations have been performed to determine the rate coefficients of several reactions involved in both the formation and depletion of interstellar HCO+ and HOC+. The abundance of HOC+ deduced from these calculations is consistent with the tentative identification of HOC+ in Sgr B2 by Woods et al. The large HCO+/HOC+ abundance ratio observed by Woods et al. is due at least in part to a more rapid formation rate for HCO+ and probably due as well as to a more rapid depletion rate for HOC+.     

贵金属的堆浸：一种成本低适用于高海拔寒冷地区的方法

金、银的回收条件是多变的,所以对于那些不经济的矿床采用常规工艺流程是不行的,而应用堆浸的方法是有利的。本文介绍了在寒冷的气候高海拨条件下堆浸的实际作业,及其在经济上的应用,而对环境又是无害的,但是必须在任何情况下都要精心设计和工作。堆浸是回收贵金属最经济的几种方法之一。对于适宜于堆浸的矿石来说,其优点是:①投资少;②生产成本低;③氰化物浸液用量比较少。另—个比较明显的特征是堆浸比较慢,从矿石中提取贵金属回收率比其它方法低,这     

Stable isotopic compositions of carbonates from the Mesoproterozoic Bangemall Group, northwestern Australia

Marine carbonate rocks from the Mesoproterozoic Bangemall Group of northwestern Australia show little deviation (+/-1.3%) in whole-rock delta 13C(carb)-values about a mean of -0.5%. This narrow range persists despite close sampling (every 10-20 m) through long sections (up to 2500 m) that are geographically widespread (up to 250 km apart), over many depositional environments (supralittoral to outer shelf), sediment sources (stromatolitic bioherms to detrital calcilutites) and rock types (pure limestones to dolomitic shales). The only major excursions from the norm seem related to unusual environmental or post-depositional processes, as they are correlated with large enrichments (to -3%) or depletions (to -16%) in 18O. Relatively heavy delta 13C-values, up to +2.5%, occur in a single bed of brecciated ferruginous dolostone at a single locality; these abnormal values may result from local evaporitic conditions. Limey and shaley nodular dolostones have delta 13C-values as low as -4.3%, probably caused by remineralization of organic matter during late and patchy dolomitization. Most notably, sharp negative excursions in delta 13C, up to -8.4%, occur in bleached kerogen-free rocks with mineral assemblages of dolomite + quartz + calcite +/- tremolite + talc, reflecting isotopic re-equilibration in thick metamorphic aureoles around dolerite intrusions. General environmental variations are minor, with delta 13C-values of peritidal facies tending to be slightly positive whereas those of subtidal facies are slightly negative. There are no strong secular trends, but subtle fluctuations within the range -2 to +l% can be correlated along the northwestern margin of the basin. This resembles the pattern seen in other Mesoproterozoic successions, but is markedly unlike the heavy background (> +5%) and extreme variations (up to l0%) in delta 13C evident in Neoproterozoic successions of similar thickness and environmental setting. Hence, in contrast to the Neoproterozoic, the global rate of organic carbon burial was probably fairly constant during deposition of the Bangemall Group, and perhaps generally during the Mesoproterozoic, as was the redox state of the atmosphere and hydrosphere.     

编辑等高线图的机助几何设计法

导言来自地形测量,地质测量及其它测量或其它实验观测的三维数据常常是以等高线图表示的。展示等高线图并不能提供直接可见的三维图象。但在实践中等高线图却很有用,如设计公路时研究道路位置,机场定址,环境评估等。从等高线图中获取的数据对建立三维数字地形模型也很有用。从等高线图用手工获取或提取数据是很麻烦的。因而存储等高线图以便计算机进行处理的