Multi-year Simulations and Experimental Seasonal Predictions for Rainy Seasons in China by Using a Nested Regional Climate Model (RegCM_NCC). Part Ⅰ: Sensitivity Study

A modified version of the NCAR/RegCM2 has been developed at the National Climate Center (NCC), China Meteorological Administration, through a series of sensitivity experiments and multi-year simulations and hindcasts, with a special emphasis on the adequate choice of physical parameterization schemes suitable for the East Asian monsoon climate. This regional climate model is nested with the NCC/IAP (Institute of Atmospheric Physics) T63 coupled GCM to make an experimental seasonal prediction for China and East Asia. The four-year (2001 to 2004) prediction results are encouraging. This paper is the first part of a two-part paper, and it mainly describes the sensitivity study of the physical process parameterization represented in the model. The systematic errors produced by the different physical parameterization schemes such as the land surface processes, convective precipitation, cloud-radiation transfer process, boundary layer process and large-scale terrain features have been identified based on multi-year and extreme flooding event simulations. A number of comparative experiments has shown that the mass flux scheme (MFS) and Betts-Miller scheme (BM) for convective precipitation, the LPMI (land surface process model I) and LPMII (land surface process model Ⅱ) for the land surface process, the CCM3 radiation transfer scheme for cloud-radiation transfer processes, the TKE (turbulent kinetic energy) scheme for the boundary layer processes and the topography treatment schemes for the Tibetan Plateau are suitable for simulations and prediction of the East Asia monsoon climate in rainy seasons. Based on the above sensitivity study, a modified version of the RegCM2 (RegCM_NCC) has been set up for climate simulations and seasonal predictions.     

海南岛鹦歌岭白垩纪红盆中韧性剪切带的地质特征

鹦歌岭白垩纪红盆中的韧性剪切带由糜棱岩系列岩石组成,发育线理、面理和褶皱构造,具有拆离活动的运动学特征。变形差应力变化在27.2~66.2 MPa之间,变形温度高于500℃.近垂直的挤压和近水平的伸展显示剪切带的形成与深部岩浆上侵作用有关,对进一步认识海南岛燕山期构造岩浆作用以及岩浆侵位机制具有重要的地质意义。      

黄河三角洲前缘桩106至黄河海港岸段海底地形冲淤变化研究

1976年黄河改道从水清沟入海后,黄河三角洲前沿桩106至黄河海港岸段的海底地形遭受强烈侵蚀,岸滩不断蚀退。黄河三角洲强侵蚀岸段岸线监测资料与历史资料分析研究结果表明,1985-2004年该区最大侵蚀深度达7.5 m,其强侵蚀区中心位置经历了由西北向东南移动的过程,范围不断缩小,目前局部地区已发生淤积现象。种种迹象表明,从冲淤并存和以侵蚀为主向冲淤平衡过渡的现象还将长期进行下去。     

中国连片特困区经济韧性测度及影响因素分析

巩固脱贫攻坚成效,提升抗风险与自我发展能力对连片特困区而言意义深远。经济韧性作为反映区域经济应对冲击时抵抗、恢复、调整及转型能力的指标,能够有效评估连片特困区的抗冲击能力和返贫风险。基于中国12个连片特困区的地市级数据,通过构建综合指标体系及核心评估变量对其经济韧性进行了测度与对比,并运用多种回归模型识别主要影响因素,结果发现:① 连片特困区经济韧性小于非连片特困区,二者虽均呈逐年递增趋势,但非连片特困区增速略快。进一步对指数分解后发现,连片特困区与非连片特困区经济韧性的差距主要来自于适应与调整能力的差异。② 罗霄山区、燕山—太行山区、大别山区经济韧性均值最高,而滇西边境山区、六盘山区、四省藏区最低,东西差异明显。③ 大部分片区经济韧性逐年递增,经济韧性越高的片区往往增速越快,但四省藏区、六盘山区、吕梁山区经济韧性出现下降趋势,其中,吕梁山区下降最明显。在对不同片区经济韧性分解后发现,不同片区间适应与调整能力差异最大,创新与转型能力差异最小。④ 地理区位、人均固定资产投资、外贸依存度、财政自给水平、地方财政教育经费支出、专利授权数等变量对连片特困区经济韧性存在显著影响。⑤扶贫政策有利于增强片区经济韧性,经济韧性较低的片区对扶贫政策的依赖程度更高,其中,四省藏区、六盘山区、滇西边境山区对扶贫政策依赖最为严重。     

西藏洛巴堆矽卡岩型铁多金属矿床石榴子石和锆石U-Pb测年及地质意义

石榴子石是矽卡岩型矿床中最常见的蚀变矿物之一,因此,对石榴子石进行年代学研究能够准确限定矽卡岩型矿床的成矿时代.青藏高原冈底斯成矿带中部发育众多矽卡岩型多金属矿床,由于缺乏精确的成矿年代学数据,制约着对这些矿床成因和动力学背景的深入认识.因此,文章以该成矿带具有代表性的洛巴堆矽卡岩型铁多金属矿床为研究对象,通过对赋矿矽...     

IKONOS影像生产1∶10 000地理信息产品的研究

简要介绍了IKONOS卫星遥感影像适用于地理信息产品生产的特点,然后通过试验生产,并与传统的航片相比较,详细分析了利用IKONOS影像作为数据源生产1∶10000基础信息产品在精度、生产流程、工作效率、生产周期、外业工作量和价格等方面的情况。     

无人机机载LiDAR在沿海滩涂大比例尺地形测绘中的应用

以南京市以下长江12.5 m深水航道建设工程中的白茆沙整治建筑物工程的年度监测为例,介绍了利用无人机航摄和机载LiDAR技术进行大比例尺高精度的滩涂地理信息数据采集的关键技术。研究案例表明,采用无人机搭载数码相机和LiDAR联合进行数据采集,在小区域、通行困难地区的高分辨率影像和地面高程数据快速获取方面具有明显优势,为沿海滩涂开发中的工程用图测绘工作提供了一种新的有效快捷的技术手段。     

黄河下游沿岸农业景观中蜘蛛对非农生境的响应（英文）

Non-crop habitats have been suggested to impact local biodiversity significantly in agricultural landscapes. However, there have been few studies of the effects of less-focused non-crop habitats(orchard, wetland, pit and ditch) on variation of spider abundance. In this study, spiders in 30 woodlands were captured using pitfall traps in Fengqiu County, China, and the effects of local and landscape variations at different scales(50 m, 100 m, 200 m, 350 m and 500 m) on spider abundance were analysed. The most important variation that influenced spider abundance at the 500 m scale was the less-focused non-crop habitat(LNH) cover, and 10% was an appropriate proportion of LNH cover to sustain high level of spider diversity in the investigated landscape. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analyses revealed that there were significant differences in the spider composition among the high, medium and low LNH coverage. Based on indicator species analysis, different spider species were associated with landscapes with different levels of LNH cover. Lycosidae, which accounted for 48% of the total specimens, preferred woodland habitats neighbouring areas with high LNH cover. Compared with woodland habitats, LNH provided more diverse food sources and habitat to sustain more spider species in the study area. Furthermore, linear elements composed of vegetation, such as pits and ditches, may prevent agricultural intensification by enhancing landscape connectivity and providing habitats for different spiders. Our findings may provide a theoretical basis for biodiversity conservation in agro-ecosystems and top-down control of pests.     

Growth and feeding habits of invasive Pseudorasbora parva in the Chabalang Wetland(Lhasa,China) and its trophic impacts on native fish

In recent years, fish invasion has become one of the main reasons for the decline of nativefish stocks. Pseudorasbora parva is considered one of the major invasive species worldwide. The present study investigated the fish resources of the Chabalang Wetland(Lhasa, Tibet) during dif ferent seasons in2009 and 2013. Four hundred and twelve individuals were subsampled to estimate age, growth, and feeding habit of P. parva. Furthermore, food relationships between P. parva and the native Schizothoracinae fish were also examined. The results revealed a significant shift in species composition and community structure characterized by the disappearance of native fish and outbreak of non-native fish. The percentage of nonnative P. parva in the fish collections significantly increased from 33.64% in 2009 to 64.08% in 2013.The standard length(SL) ranged from 22.00 to 78.71 mm, and their age was 1–5 a. The von Bertalanf fy function was used to model the observed length-at-age data as Lt =112.19(1– e~(-0.1495(t +0.8012))) for females and as Lt =123.12(1– e~(-0.1500(t +0.7132))) for males. The results indicated that P. parva in Tibet has lower growth and mortality rates compared with that from the native ranges. Ninety-seven prey taxa belonging to 9 prey categories were identified in the gut of 38 P. parva. P. parva can be considered a generalized and opportunistic predator, competing with the native fish, especially Schizothorax o'connori, Schizopygopsis younghusbandi younghusbandi, and Ptychobarbus dipogon, for Bacillariophyta and Chironomid larvae.This is an important reason for the decline in native fish population.