土体动力一维非线性本构关系剖析与评价

土体动力一维非线性本构关系是场地及地基动力响应、土工数值分析的关键。回顾和总结了国内外的发展状况及研究进展,对其分析方法、等幅循环荷载到不规则荷载的扩展及应用规则、试验阻尼比的等效、滞回曲线形状等核心问题进行剖析、评价和探讨,并对各种模型的优缺点进行了比较和讨论,着重介绍了最近研究结果。最后指出未来发展方向及有待进一步研究的问题。     

Experiments with the Improved Dynamical-Statistical-Analog Ensemble Forecast Model for Landfalling Typhoon Precipitation over South China

In recent work, three physical factors of the Dynamical-Statistical-Analog Ensemble Forecast Model for Landfalling Typhoon Precipitation (DSAEF_LTP model) have been introduced, namely, tropical cyclone (TC) track, TC landfall season, and TC intensity. In the present study, we set out to test the forecasting performance of the improved model with new similarity regions and ensemble forecast schemes added. Four experiments associated with the prediction of accumulated precipitation were conducted based on 47 landfalling TCs that occurred over South China during 2004-2018. The first experiment was designed as the DSAEF_LTP model with TC track, TC landfall season, and intensity (DSAEF_LTP-1). The other three experiments were based on the first experiment, but with new ensemble forecast schemes added (DSAEF_LTP-2), new similarity regions added (DSAEF_LTP-3), and both added (DSAEF_LTP- 4), respectively. Results showed that, after new similarity regions added into the model (DSAEF_LTP-3), the forecasting performance of the DSAEF_LTP model for heavy rainfall (accumulated precipitation ≥250 mm and ≥100 mm) improved, and the sum of the threat score (TS250 + TS100) increased by 4.44%. Although the forecasting performance of DSAEF_LTP-2 was the same as that of DSAEF_LTP-1, the forecasting performance was significantly improved and better than that of DSAEF_LTP-3 when the new ensemble schemes and similarity regions were added simultaneously (DSAEF_LTP-4), with the TS increasing by 25.36%. Moreover, the forecasting performance of the four experiments was compared with four operational numerical weather prediction models, and the comparison indicated that the DSAEF_LTP model showed advantages in predicting heavy rainfall. Finally, some issues associated with the experimental results and future improvements of the DSAEF_LTP model were discussed.     

济南市平阴氡地热水中氟的来源及赋存机理浅析

通过对3处不同热储类型的地热水水质分析结果的对比分析,试从热储岩性、矿化度、pH值、温度及地下水水化学类型等方面分析各因素对水中F~-溶解的影响机理,认为:热储岩性对地热水水质起决定作用,高热储温度、碱性环境是水中氟离子富集的有利条件;水中Ca~(2+)可与F~-产生不溶于水的沉淀,对水中氟离子的富集起限制作用;水中F~-与H_2SiO_3,Sr的含量一般存在共生关系。水中氟的活性和含量不能看作只与某种盐类或阴、阳离子发生单相关的孤立作用的结果,而要重视在水中各种盐类并存的混合体系中可能出现的元素或物质间的拮抗、协同及交互作用。     

滨海湿地咸水冲淡驱动机理

海陆界面水体相互作用研究是当代国际海岸带生态水文学的热点。滨海湿地的生态水文环境脆弱,浅层地下水及盐度梯度变化对其生长和发育起着控制作用。咸水冲淡驱动力主要是地下水动力作用、盐度驱动下的水化学运动作用和海洋潮汐作用的叠加效应。通过国内外学者近30年的研究成果分析了滨海湿地咸水冲淡研究程度及进展情况,认为掌握咸水冲淡驱动机理及水盐运移行为,对于合理选择相应有效的滨海湿地保护和水文修复措施是十分重要的。国际上已有的相关研究较多,而国内相关研究相对较少。     

全站仪交汇法在高速公路路面沉降监测中的应用

文章介绍了全站仪交会法沉降监测,方便简洁地解决了测量人员不能进入的高速公路等特殊位置的测量问题,并通过对该方法的精度分析,论证了其可行性和有效性,对以后类似的测量工作提供经验和依据。     

东亚地区区域气候模拟的研究进展

由于大气环流模式对东亚地区区域气候特征的模拟存在很大不足,采用区域气候模式模拟该地区特殊的季风气候成为目前发展的一个重要研究方向,并取得了显著的研究进展。通过回顾当前东亚地区区域气候模拟的现状,表明大部分区域气候模式都不同程度地模拟出了东亚季风区持续性洪涝现象的大尺度环流特征和演变过程,再现了东亚各主要气候区降水的年际、季节和季节内变化及主要雨带的季节进退和降水的时空演变特征。但是,大部分模式没能很好地模拟出大尺度特征的强度和量值,模拟的温度和降水存在系统性偏差。原因分析表明,进一步完善和改进区域气候模式的物理过程参数化方案及动力框架可以改善模拟效果。最后对区域气候模式未来的发展给出展望。     

Tectono-Metallogenic System in the Altay Orogenic Belt, China

The Altay erogenic belt of China is an important metallogenic belt of base metals, rare metals and gold. The main orogenic-metallogenic epoch is the Hercynian (Late Palaeozoic). Hercynian orogeny underwent two tectonic stages: the early volcano-passive continental margin extension (D1-D2) and late subduction-collision (D3-P). There correspondingly developed two different metallogenic systems. One is the stratabound massive sulphide and iron metallogenic system related to volcano-passive continental margin, and the other is the epigenetic gold and granite-associated rare metals system formed by collision. Very few mineralizations were formed during the subduc-tion time.     

长江日流量混沌变化特性研究--Ⅰ相空间嵌入滞时的确定

为了以新途径探索长江水量变化规律并在此基础上做出预测,全面而系统地研究了宜昌站日流量混沌变化特性并建立了新预测模型.重点论述相空间嵌入滞时的确定.分析了传统的自相关函数法和真实矢量场法确定嵌入滞时的优劣,并提出以广义相关函数合理确定嵌入滞时的方法.研究结果表明广义相关函数法是一个合理又可操作的途径.     

研究花岗岩类成因类型和幔壳成分比的同位素方法探讨

Sm-Nd法及其参数εNd（O）、εNd（T）、TCHUR^Nd、εDM^Nd及x,是测定花岗岩形成年龄及研究花岗岩成因类型、模式年龄及地幔物质百分比的重要手段,但因其测试费用高等原因,难以广泛使用。作者提出了Rb-Sm法的相应参数εSr（O）、εSr（T）、TUR^Sr、εDM^Sr及μ做为补充,在没有Sm-Nd同位素资料的情况下,Rb-Sr同位素参数基本上可以代替Sm-Nd同位素参数。经对比,求花岗岩中幔源物质百分比时,Rb-Sr法计算值与Sm-Nd法计算值相比,误差一般不超过10％。此外,作者还提出了计算花岗岩山幔源物质百分比的简化式,使该计算更为简便易行。     

五酸溶样-电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定地质样品中的稀土等28种金属元素

电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定大批量地质样品中的稀土和钴铪铟锰铌钽铊铬镉镓锗钒锡等金属元素,主要采用三酸或四酸溶解样品.由于地质样品组分复杂,稀土等金属元素含量低,各元素性质差异大,三酸或四酸溶样经常出现易挥发元素如钒铬镉镓锡的测定结果不稳定、镧铈镨钕等稀土元素溶解不完全的问题.本文在盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高...