Origin of the Neoproterozoic Baijianshan Banded Iron Formation at the Southeastern Margin of the Tarim Block in NW China: Implication for an Extremely Reducing Ocean

The Neoproterozoic banded iron formations(BIFs)were closely associated with the“Snowball Earth”during the breakup of the Rodinia,thus they played an important role in our understanding of the atmospheric and oceanic oxygen levels during this period.In this contribution,the Neoproterozoic(ca.737 Ma)Baijianshan BIF at Southeast Tarim,northwestern China was identified.Magnetite is the dominated iron-species,which occurs as the lamina interbedded with chert.The BIF contains low concentrations of trace elements,and is depleted in light rare earth elements(LREEs)based on comparison with the Post-Archean Australian Shale(PAAS).In addition,the BIF exhibits slightly positive La-Eu anomalies,negligible Ce anomalies,insignificant Y anomalies,chondritic Y/Ho ratios(23-32),and slightly chondritic initial ε_Nd(t=737 Ma)values(?0.45 to 1.46,averaging 0.37).All these features indicate that the precipitation of Baijianshan BIF was closely related to the submarine low-T hydrothermal fluids with little detrital contribution.Moreover,the Baijianshan BIF is characterized by the significant enrichment of heavy Fe isotopes,with δ⁵⁷Fe_IRMM-014 values ranging from 1.78‰ to 3.05‰,revealing the partial oxidation of Fe²⁺ into Fe³⁺ during the precipitation of this BIF.Our data suggest that the formation of Baijianshan BIF was closely associated with a significantly reducing ocean,which most likely was isolated from the oxidized atmosphere by a local ice sheet.This Neoproterozoic Baijianshan ocean has the initial oxygen levels as low as,or even lower than that of Archean and Paleoproterozoic oceans.     

南极冰盖物质平衡最新研究进展

探明南极冰盖物质平衡状况,对研究全球变暖背景下海平面变化具有重要意义,也是南极冰川学的重要基础工作.在ITASE计划(International Trans Antarctic Scientific Expedition)和ISMASS计划(Ice Sheet MassBalance and Sea Level)的指导下,各国科学家对南极几个主要流域进行了大范围的实地观测,获取了一些重要成果.此外,由于极地测高卫星和重力卫星的应用,南极冰盖整体物质平衡状况评估在近期得到长足发展.无论是实地研究还是卫星遥感,都有其局限性,两者结合可以弥补各自的缺陷,是未来研究的主要发展方向,但目前仍未引起足够的重视.因此,本文综述了南极冰盖物质平衡研究的最新研究进展,将有关研究分局域和洲际尺度进行了介绍,并对国内的研究提出建议.     

多发创伤性肺假性囊肿的CT动态观察

目的:探讨多发创伤性假性肺囊肿的CT表现及随访变化规律。方法:回顾性分析30例临床和影像学随访证实的多发创伤性假性肺囊肿患者的资料。结果:30例胸部多合并肺挫伤、肋骨骨折、血气胸。本组创伤性假性囊肿均为多发,平均4.6个病灶,大小:2mm×4mm～13.5cm×6.2cm。首次CT距外伤后1小时～5天,随访1天～15月,平均4.3月。首次CT可表现为多发单纯血肿、肺挫伤合并多发血肿、肺挫伤合并多发气囊囊肿或气液囊肿。随访中近胸膜下血肿可因血肿破裂或肋骨骨折造成的迟发性气胸等原因内部再出现气囊改变,单纯性血肿可在随访中表现为含气或不含气,其余含气病灶多渐变小、变实,直至完全吸收或后遗疤痕索条。液囊可为单纯性或合并晕征。气液囊可表现为楔形征、银镯征、进水皮球征或杯中液体征、花生壳征、三角烧瓶征等征象。3例首次CT检查后2小时内死亡,死亡原因2例为合并广泛挫伤及气胸,1例合并肝脾出血。其余病例除针对伴发疾病对症治疗外,肺假性囊肿均经保守治疗治愈,囊肿吸收时间长短多与大小呈正相关。结论:CT可清晰显示多发创伤性假性肺囊肿的形态及演变、伴发症,是本病首选的影像学检查方法。     

基于数据库存储方案的高性能瓦片地图服务研究

实时渲染与网络传输是影响WebGIS性能的两大因素,瓦片技术是改进系统性能的最佳选择,它通过对地图数据预先渲染、切片,有效减轻服务器处理压力,减少网络负载和响应延迟,但瓦片数据量庞大,磁盘存储碎片化,影响IO性能,数据可迁移性差,无论是数据备份、迁移或是恢复都耗时漫长。该文设计实现了一种新的基于文件数据库的瓦片存储方案,并将分布式缓存系统Memcached作为缓存支持集成在方案中,不仅克服了传统瓦片储存的缺陷,还在性能方面取得了优异的表现,是构建高性能瓦片地图服务的有益尝试。     

基于Landsat数据的2种地表温度空间降尺度算法比较研究

以2003年5月29日福州市LandsmETM＋影像为数据源,对2种地表温度空间降尺度算法——EM算法和HUTS算法进行实验、比较与分析,EM算法是利用高空间分辨率的地表比辐射率对低空间分辨率的亮度温度影像进行调节,从而达到提高热红外影像空间分辨率的目的;HUTS算法则是引入了归一化差异植被指数NDVI和地表反照率d,通过在低空间分辨率拟合二者与地表温度LST之间的关系,然后根据其尺度不变性,将该关系应用到高空间分辨率的影像上,从而达到提高热红外影像空间分辨率的目的．研究结果表明：1）2种算法所得结果影像都能在有效提高空间分辨率的同时较好地保持了原始地表温度影像的空间分布特征,达到了较好的降尺度效果;2）以RMSE为定量评价指标,HUTS算法要略优于EM算法,其中,EM算法的RMSE为1．2494,而HUTS算法仅为0．9869．     

2012年9月7日彝良5.7、5.6级地震预测及科学依据

通过分析彝良地震前地震预测意见和预测依据,认为:彝良地震前云南最主要的地震活动特征是境内6级以上地震平静时间接近或超过20世纪以来的极限时间,中等地震丛集过程中,缺少6级地震活动;宁蒗地震的窗口意义和前兆异常数量持续增加是判断地震短期危险性的主要依据;4级地震密集活动区为地点判断提供线索。彝良地震与缅甸地震同时孕育的复杂性,增加了地震预测的难度,也丰富了我们对地震孕育过程的认识。     

大跨维修机库结构采用耗能支撑的减震研究

大跨维修机库动力特性复杂,针对该类结构的减震研究则刚刚起步。本文结合大跨机库的地震响应特点,提出支撑柱顶与屋盖节点之间设置黏滞流体阻尼支撑的减震方案,对一大跨机库结构采用该减震方法进行了时程分析,对比减震前后结构基底剪力、柱顶侧移以及屋盖的杆件内力、位移。结果表明,该方法可以有效地吸收地震动输入能量,降低整体结构地震响应。由于机库结构特点决定了支撑柱间阻尼器的不均匀布置,导致减震效果在屋盖范围内的不均匀分布,分析结果表明屋盖杆件内力减震效果与杆件地震内力分布规律相吻合,表明该类减震方案对于大跨度维修机库屋盖地震响应具有非常好的针对性。     

基于综合震害指数的玉树地震烈度遥感评估研究

本文概述了地震烈度遥感评估的思路和方法,给出了遥感综合震害指数、地面等效震害指数计算的模型和地震烈度估计方法。利用2010年青海玉树7.1级地震发生后获取的主要地震灾区玉树县城区结古镇高分辨率航空遥感影像及其遥感震害解译结果和震后地震现场震害遥感比对科学考察成果,进行了结古镇的地震受灾程度和地震烈度的遥感评估。综合分析表明,玉树县城区遥感评估的地震烈度为IX度,与地面调查确定的地震烈度一致。文章最后对结果进行了讨论,表明遥感方法对应急烈度评估具有实用价值。     

The relationship between organic matter and specific surface area in <2 μm clay size fraction of muddy source rock

The adsorption of organic matter(OM)onto clay minerals has long been considered as a significant way of OM preservation in source rock.Here we analyzed the relationship between OM and the specific surface area(SSA)of <2μm clay size fraction isolated from 13 source rock cores collected from Dongying depression.Rock-Eval pyrolysis and N2 adsorption experiment were employed to probe the characteristics of OM and SSA(denoted SBET)in samples before and after OM extraction using trichloromethane.The results indicate that various kinds of OM occurrence coexist in clay size fraction and their contributions to hydrocarbon are different in each period of OM evolution.The occurrence and amount of OM affect the S BET of clay size fraction,and a nonlinear negative correlation between total organic carbon(TOC)and S BET can be recognized.The soluble OM(chloroform extract "A"),mainly stored in the pore space of clay size fraction,shows a negative correlation in amount with S BET.Our data also indicate that free hydrocarbon(S1)was stored mainly in the pore space and/or the surface of clay size fraction,whereas pyrolysis hydrocarbon(S2)was mingled mainly with clay minerals.Therefore,to understand various OM occurrences and their relationship with SBET in the clay size fraction is significant in the study of generation,accumulation,and migration of hydrocarbon in muddy source rock.     

公路工程项目管理模式设计—施工总承包的优势

通过不同管理模式的公路工程项目建设经验,分析传统公路工程项目管理模式得与失以及设计—施工总承包的优势,更好地保证设计与施工质量,有效控制造价,推进公路勘察设计与施工企业间战略重组,增强国际竞争力。