Application of transparent soil model tests to study the soil-rock interfacial sliding mechanism

When transparent soil technology is used to study the displacement of a slope, the internal deformation of the slope can be visualized. We studied the sliding mechanism of the soil-rock slope by using transparent soil technology and considering the influence of the rock mass Barton joint roughness coefficient, angle of the soil mass, angle of the rock mass and soil thickness factors on slope stability. We obtained the deformation characteristics of the soil and rock slope with particle image velocimetry and the laser speckle technique. The test analysis shows that the slope sliding can be divided into three parts: displacements at the top, the middle, and the bottom of the slope; the decrease in the rock mass Barton joint roughness coefficient, and the increase in soil thickness, angles of the rock mass and soil mass lead to larger sliding displacements. Furthermore, we analyzed the different angles between the rock mass and soil thickness. The test result shows that the displacement of slope increases with larger angle of the rock mass. Conclusively, all these results can help to explain the soil-rock interfacial sliding mechanism.     

利用Sentinel-3A OLCI可见光通道反演台湾岛气溶胶光学厚度

OLCI（Ocean Land Colour Instrument）作为MERIS（Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer）的后继升级版传感器,在气溶胶反演中存在潜在优势,但是目前利用OLCI数据进行气溶胶监测的研究较少。因此,本文针对OLCI多通道反射特征开发了OLCI云检测算法,并对传统查找表构建方法进行改进,根据观测几何特征提出动态查找表法,并通过光谱卷积方式等效转换MODIS和OLCI红蓝通道地表反射率并获取OLCI红蓝通道地表反射率固定关系,进而实现台湾岛550 nm处的AOD反演。与550 nm处AERONET level 2.0 AOD验证结果首先表明不同季节、不同站点的精度表现存在一定差异,其次相对于同期MOD04_3K AOD产品,本文反演结果与全球气溶胶自动观测网（AERONET）站点实测值之间表现出更显著 的相关性（R²=0.8199）,均方根误差（RMSE）从0.175下降到0.113,相对平均误差（RME）从33.6%下降到26.7%,且67.5%的OLCI AOD落在预测误差（EE）区间内,明显大于MOD04_3K AOD落在预测误差区间的百分比（55.7%）。此外,误差分析表明,当实际AOD值较低时,红蓝通道地表反射率之间关系的误判会导致较为明显的AOD反演相对误差。     

基于GIS的福州市医疗机构空间分布研究

利用GIS技术,计算医疗机构的质量指数、距离指数以及频率指数,同时构建福州市市区医疗机构的优势度模型,并实现了GIS空间分析可视化．研究结果显示：1）福州市主要的综合性医疗中心大部分分布在鼓楼区、台江区,晋安区、仓山区数量较少．2）随着福州城市化进程加快,医疗机构的发展跟不上人口分布的变化,在金山地区表现尤为明显．建议有关部门给予重视,为区域可持续发展,合理配置医疗站点．     

应用高精度卫星图像进行城市植被覆盖调查:以厦门市为例

With the technological improvements of satellite sensors, we will acquire more informationabout the earth so that we have reached a new application epoch of observation on earthenvironmental change and cartography. But with the enhancement of spatial resolution, somequestions have arisen in the application of using traditional image processing and classificationmethods. Aiming for such questions, we studied the application of IKONOS very high resolutionimage (1 m) in Xiamen City on Urban Vegetation Cover Investigation and discussed the differencebetween the very high resolution image and traditional low spatial resolution image at classification,information abstraction etc. It is an advantageous test for the large-scale application of very highresolution data in the future.     

基于生态保护格局的省域国土空间生态修复策略——以山东省为例

国土空间生态保护修复是生态文明建设的重要抓手。省域国土空间生态修复需要以维持区域生态保护格局为基础,聚焦核心生态区、重要生态带和重点生态绿心,构建国土空间生态修复格局,实现整体保护、系统修复、综合治理。以山东为例,在生态问题诊断基础上,基于省域生态保护格局,构建了“两核、三带”的生态修复总体格局,提出了“六心、六原、多城”的生态修复关键区域,提出了筑牢生态保护基础框架,锚定重点生态绿心保护修复,因地制宜开展平原土地整治修复,差异化推进城镇生态修复,以期为省域生态修复提供支撑。     

青海省苦海汞矿床形成条件及成因探讨

苦海汞矿床是位于东昆仑造山带南带东段上的大型含金汞矿床。围岩为一套滨海-浅海相富含碳质碳酸盐（石英砂岩）建造。矿体受地层和构造联合控制,一般产在褶皱的层间剥离裂隙、构造裂隙及节理中,或产于褶皱翼部的断裂破碎带内。矿床成矿流体以建造水和大气降水为主,并可能有岩浆热液的加入。成矿流体盐度（w(NaCl)）为1.90%～5.70%,密度为0.78～0.97 g/cm³;流体包裹体均一温度为118.8～291.6 ℃;成矿压力约43.24 MPa,成矿深度为4.56 km。研究表明,该区下二叠统含碳地层提供了主要的成矿物质,晚三叠世受构造造山作用及相应的岩浆侵入所驱动的热液流体活化了矿质,并迁移至褶皱带层间剥离裂隙等部位沉淀成矿。总体上,该矿床为一受构造和地层联合控制的中偏低温热液矿床,相当于造山型金矿系列的浅成矿床。     

CAUSAL ANALYSIS AND NUMERICAL MODELING OF THE INSHORE INTENSIFICATION OF SUPER TYPHOON “HATO”

This paper comprehensively analyzes the characteristics and cause of the inshore intensification of super typhoon "Hato", the 13 th super typhoon in 2017. The aspects of typhoon structure, evolution of large-scale circulation and physical quantity field are analyzed using observation data from the Guangdong Automatic Station, Shenzhen Doppler Radar data, NCEP 1°×1° reanalysis data, NCEP 0.25°×0.25° sea surface temperature(SST) data, etc.Additionally, in order to investigate the influence of SST change on the intensity of "Hato", the WRF model and ECMWF 0.125°×0.125° reanalysis data are combined to conduct 3 sensitivity tests on"Hato". The results show that the favorable conditions for inshore intensification of "Hato"included the strengthening and westward extension of the subtropical high, continuous increase of low level moisture transport, an anomalous warm SST area north of 20°N in the South China Sea, an extreme divergence value in the northern South China Sea exceeding 6 ×10-5 s-1, and vertical environmental wind shear between 1.1 m/s-4.8 m/s. The intensity of"Hato"was very sensitive to changes in SST. When the SST rose or dropped by 2℃, the minimum central pressure of the typhoon changed by about 13 hPa or 11 hPa,respectively. SST indirectly influenced the intensity of the typhoon through affecting latent heat transport and sensible heat transport.     

铁路重力式桥墩墩底局部加密纵筋高度研究

为研究墩底加密纵筋高度对铁路重力式桥墩抗震性能的影响,提出加密纵筋高度的确定原则,推导纵筋加密高度计算公式.设计5个不同加密纵筋类型的桥墩,通过数值分析研究桥墩的滞回曲线和骨架曲线,对比分析墩底加密纵筋后桥墩的抗震性能.研究结果表明:墩底局部加密纵向钢筋可有效提高桥墩的承载能力;桥墩抗震设计验算时截面配筋率可取墩底纵筋加密后的截面配筋率;数值分析结果验证纵筋加密高度计算公式的合理性.研究成果可为铁路重力式桥墩抗震设计提供有价值的参考.     

海底地形数据处理与DEM生成

分析了海底DEM生成经常会遇见的问题,介绍了坐标变换、接边处理、插值加密等数据预处理方法,最终生成海底规则格网DEM。     

江苏海域水环境要素分析——江苏海域环境质量分析之二

在1981、1991（1990）和1998年3次海洋环境调查的基础上，通过相同水质要素时空比较分析，江苏海域的溶解氧、磷酸盐、硝酸盐和亚硝酸 盐这4种主要海水化学因子具有时空变化特征，其高值区主要分布在灌河口、扁担港口、射阳河口、川东港和长江北支口北侧，且河口、近岸值高，向海含量渐小，不同年份、季节也有变化。沿海水化学性质主要受陆源排污（农田化肥等）影响，主要是入海河流携带污染物、海洋生物作用和本海域水体运动特征的影响，此外，溶解氧变化还受到水温变化的影响。