赣南岐山岩体深熔-幕式岩浆活动:来自锆石U Pb精细年代学研究

武夷山地区加里东期深熔混合岩化-岩浆作用普遍,且两者时代一致或相近,但是加里东期深熔作用的启动时间尚不明确。赣南寻乌县岐山岩体位于武夷山构造带南部,该岩体形成时代缺乏精确的年代学依据。基于锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年手段,在该岩体中发现两期锆石,早期锆石为深熔成因,晚期为岩浆成因。本次研究获得的晚期锆石形成时代为445~440Ma,具有从外向内年龄渐新的规律,表明该岩体形成于晚奥陶世晚期-早志留世,可能是从源区上升的不同批次岩浆就位的结果,即该岩体为加里东期深熔-幕式、多期次岩浆活动的结果。边缘部位与岩体中心部位分别获得早期深熔锆石加权平均年龄值(458±4Ma)与岩浆锆石加权平均年龄值(460±4Ma),两者在误差范围内一致。表明武夷山地区在加里东早期,大约460Ma左右发生了一期深熔-岩浆活动,为武夷山构造带加里东运动深熔作用的启动时代提供了制约。     

西藏拉萨地块高镁超钾质火山岩及对南北向裂谷形成时间和切割深度的制约

青藏高原拉萨地块南北向裂谷中发育少量中新世高镁超钾质火山岩,岩石具有较高的SiO2含量(53%~50%),同时具有极高的K2O(7%~6%)、MgO(11%~8%)、Cr(500×10-6~400×10-6)、Ni(400×10-6~260×10-6)含量,较高的放射性成因87Sr/86Sr(0.7265~0.7199)、非放射性成因143Nd/144Nd(0.511844~0.511769)比值,δ18OVSMOW值较高,变化范围很大(10.4‰~6.4‰),其源区为加入了大量俯冲印度地壳的富集地幔。40Ar/39Ar同位素年龄指示他们喷发时代为17~13Ma。结合正断层与火山岩的切割与覆盖关系,指出高原正断层强烈活动时间为23~13Ma,持续了~10Ma,伸展速率为5.6±3.0mm/a。高镁超钾质火山岩与裂谷在时间上的一致和空间上的重合,指示高镁超钾质火山岩与裂谷的形成演化密切相关,高原裂谷系统的建立是由于俯冲印度地壳的断离造成的高原岩石圈的伸展破裂,其活动时期分为2个阶段,首先伴随高原隆升(23~13Ma),随后在重力作用下,促使高原垮塌(13Ma~现在)。     

顶管施工中顶力与顶程关系及其影响因素分析

以上海某长距离急曲线顶管工程为例，通过现场实测4节管段顶进过程中的顶力，研究了顶力随顶程的变化规律，系统分析了顶进过程中顶力的主要影响因素，得到了一些有用的结论。     

塔里木盆地中新生代海侵和海相地层研究的新进展

中新生代海侵是塔里木盆地地质发展史上的重要事件之一。通过对新近发现的古生物化石和海相地层资料研究，本文提出了早白垩世、晚白垩世、古近纪的海侵范围的新认识。同时，依据露头和钻井资料提出了中新世海水分布的新范围。这些新成果对厘定塔里木盆地中新生代地层时代，建立整个盆地中新生代地层格架和油气远景分析具有重要意义。     

克拉玛依蛇绿混杂岩带的基本特征和锆石SHRIMP年龄信息

新发现的克拉玛依蛇绿混杂岩带分布于准噶尔盆地西北缘,表现为组分齐全的蛇绿岩和增生杂岩。由盆地边缘向山区方向,大体呈依次带状分布的超镁铁质岩、镁铁质岩、枕状玄武岩和深海相硅质岩,同时发现超镁铁岩之上被一套火山磨拉石沉积不整合覆盖。在克拉玛依蛇绿岩的白碱滩段中采得蚀变辉长岩样品,锆石SHRIMP定年结果集中在(414.4 8.6)Ma和(332±14)Ma。这一发现为研究中亚洋盆形成和消亡时代提供了重要依据,也为确定准噶尔盆地基底性质提供了重要线索。     

胶东邢家山钼钨矿床辉钼矿Re-Os同位素测年及其地质意义

邢家山矿床是胶东地区一特大型矽卡岩-斑岩型钼钨矿床,构造位置上处于华北板块东南缘与扬子板块对接地带,在成因上与幸福山似斑状含角闪二长花岗岩密切相关,归属于该区与燕山早期花岗质岩浆作用有关的特大型、大型和中型铜钼多金属矿床成矿系列。本文对该矿床透辉石榴矽卡岩中的辉钼矿进行了Re-Os同位素测年,结果显示,辉钼矿Re-Os同位素模式年龄范围为156.91±1.78Ma至160.70±1.66Ma,加权平均值为158.91±1.91Ma,对应的Re-Os等时线年龄为158.70±2.06Ma;这些年龄数据与区域上的燕山早期花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄(158.53±0.79Ma)相近,指示区域上该期铜钼多金属矿化与区内花岗岩具有密切的时间和成因关系。中、晚侏罗世华北东部广泛的地壳增厚作用和地壳重熔导致的大规模地壳重熔型花岗质岩浆活动为该区钼钨多金属矿成矿提供了主要成矿物质和流体。结合已有的研究成果,认为胶东地区中生代以来岩浆活动及相应的成矿作用可能主要存在4期,即:约165～155Ma的铜钼多金属矿化期、约137～110Ma的金矿化期、约120～110Ma的铜钼铅锌多金属矿化期、和约100～75Ma的金银铅锌多金属矿化期,分别对应于燕山早期-燕山晚期的各期次花岗质岩浆活动。     

计算非均匀地表通量的一种简化PDF及其应用

提出描述地表非均匀特性的简化概率密度函数（PDF），它可代替各种具体的PDF用于求解次网格尺度平均通量而不影响其精度，这种简化PDF可直接加入陆面过程模式方程组中进行陆－气通量交换的数值试验。它对非均匀地表陆面过程参数化具有一定的普适性。本文仅讨论了对称分布的简化计算（非对称分布另文讨论），列举了非均匀分布的观测事实，并以地表净红外辐射通量计算为例，详细验证了应用这种简化PDF的可行性和可靠性。     

GPS/Pwv资料在强对流天气系统中的特征分析

应用GPS探测的可降水水汽资料Pwv对上海地区2002～2005年强对流的水汽变化特征进行了分析。分析表明：每30分钟一次的GPS/Pwv资料能直观地、及时地反映大气中水汽的时间变化和空间变化;GPS/Pwv资料随时间的演变特征与降水有较好的对应关系,不同的季节及不同的降水类型有着不同的分布特征;GPS/Pwv的散度资料可以反映大气中水汽的辐合、辐散分布情况。文章还给出了不同季节产生强对流天气的GPS/Pwv阈值,表明GPS/Pwv资料在强对流天气预报方面有一定的应用价值。     

Vertical structures of PM10 and PM 2.5 and their dynamical character in low atmosphere in Beijing urban areas

The vertical structures and their dynamical character of PM2.5 and PM10 over Beijing urban areas are revealed using the 1 min mean continuous mass concentration data of PM2.5 and PM10 at 8, 100, and 320 m heights of the meteorological observation tower of 325 m at Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IAP CAS tower hereafter) on 10―26 August, 2003, as well as the daily mean mass concentration data of PM2.5 and PM10 and the continuous data of CO and NO2 at 8, 100 (low layer), 200 (middle layer), and 320 m (high layer) heights, in combination with the same period meteorological field observation data of the meteorological tower. The vertical distributions of aerosols observed on IAP CAS tower in Beijing can be roughly divided into two patterns: gradually and rapidly decreasing patterns, I.e. The vertical distribution of aerosols in calm weather or on pollution day belongs to the gradually decreasing pattern, while one on clean day or weak cold air day belongs to the rapidly decreasing pattern. The vertical distributive characters of aerosols were closely related with the dynamical/thermal structure and turbulence character of the atmosphere boundary layer. On the clean day, the low layer PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were close to those at 8 m height, while the concentrations rapidly decreased at the high layer, and their values were only one half of those at 8 m, especially, the concentration of PM2.5 dropped even more. On the clean day, there existed stronger turbulence below 150 m, aerosols were well mixed, but blocked by the more stronger inversion layer aloft, and meanwhile, at various heights, especially in the high layer, the horizontal wind speed was larger, resulting in the rapid decrease of aerosol concentration, I.e. Resulting in the obvious vertical difference of aerosol concentrations between the low and high layers. On the pollution day, the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 at the low, middle, and high layers dropped successively by, on average, about 10% for each layer in comparison with those at 8 m height. On pollution days, in company with the low wind speed, there existed two shallow inversion layers in the boundary layer, but aerosols might be, to some extent, mixed below the inversion layer, therefore, on the pollution day the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 dropped with height slowly; and the observational results also show that the concentrations at 320 m height were obviously high under SW and SE winds, but at other heights, the concentrations were not correlated with wind directions. The computational results of footprint analysis suggest that this was due to the fact that the 320 m height was impacted by the pollutants transfer of southerly flow from the southern peripheral heavier polluted areas, such as Baoding, and Shijiazhuang of Hebei Province, Tianjin, and Shandong Province, etc., while the low layer was only affected by Beijing's local pollution source. The computational results of power spectra and periods preliminarily reveal that under the condition of calm weather, the periods of PM10 concentration at various heights of the tower were on the order of minutes, while in cases of larger wind speed, the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 at 320 m height not only had the short periods of minute-order, but also the longer periods of hour order. Consistent with the conclusion previously drawn by Ding et al., that air pollutants at different heights and at different sites in Beijing had the character of "in-phase" variation, was also observed for the diurnal variation and mean diurnal variation of PM2.5 and PM10 at various heights of the tower in this experiment, again confirming the "in-phase" temporal/spatial distributive character of air pollutants in the urban canopy of Beijing. The gentle double-peak character of the mean diurnal variation of PM2.5 and PM10 was closely related with the evident/similar diurnal variation of turbulent momentum fluxes, sensible heat fluxes, and turbulent kinetic energy at various heights in the urban canopy. Besides, under the condition of calm weather, the concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 declined with height slowly, it was 90% of 8 m concentration at the low layer, a little lesser than 90% at the middle layer, and 80% at the high layer, respectively. Under the condition of weak cold air weather, the concentration remarkably dropped with height, it was 70% of 8 m concentration at the low layer, and 20%―30% at the middle and high layers, especially the concentration of PM2.5 was even lower.     

SIMULATION OF HEAVY RAINFALL IN THE SUMMER OF 1998 OVER CHINA WITH REGIONAL CLIMATE MODEL

The heavy rainfall in the summer of 1998 over China has been simulated with the NCCRegional Climate Model(RegCM_NCC).It was successful for RegCM_NCC to reproduce thelocation and seasonal shift of the seasonal rain belt in the summer of 1998 over China.The rainyseason in the summer of 1998 over China can be divided into 7 episodes,including the pre-summerrainy season in South China.the Meiyu onset over the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin,shortappearance of North China rain season and the retreat of seasonal rain belt,the second Meiyuseason over the Yangtze River Valley,the rainy period over the Yellow and Huaihe River Valleyand the seasonal retreat of rain belt over North China.The shortcoming of the RegCM_NCC isover-estimation of precipitation amounts.The regions with large latent heat flux,upper soilmoisture and total runoff are located in the rainy area and move with the simulated rain belt duringthe different episodes.On the contrary,the regions with small sensible heat flux are located in thesimulated rainy area and move with the simulated rain belt during the different episodes.