昆仑山口西8.1级大震前后重力场动态变化

利用昆仑山口西8．1级大震前后的3期流动重车测量资料，研究震中周围地区局部重力场在大震前后的动态变化情况，发现：地震前震中周围地区的重力场发生了巨大的负向变化，有些点位的重力值变化达100多10^-8m.s^-2；地震后重力场整体处于恢复状态。     

青藏高原隆升的黄土高原构造侵蚀效应

研究了青藏高原隆升与亚洲大陆强季风气候的耦合效应、黄土高原的阶段性抬升、构造变形及其构造侵蚀效应。结果表明,青藏高原的隆升引起多种黄土地质灾害。黄土高原的构造抬升导致侵蚀基准面下降,为重力侵蚀、沟谷溯源侵蚀和流水侵蚀提供了有利条件;构造变形使黄土产生构造裂隙、节理,增大了黄土的侵蚀速率,促进了黄土的坍塌和滑坡等侵蚀性地质灾害的发生;地形突变带、活动断裂带及地震活动带等稳定性条件差的黄土分布区,是黄土侵蚀性地质灾害最剧烈的地区。     

江西东乡花岗斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义

通过对东乡铜矿花岗斑岩进行岩石地球化学特征、锆石U-Pb定年研究,探讨其岩石成因、构造环境、形成时代与成矿的关系。东乡花岗斑岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为156.4±1.5~161±1.0Ma。该岩体为高钾钙碱性系列,轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素较亏损,具有明显的负Eu异常。微量元素富集大离子亲石元素,而亏损高场强元素。地球化学特征表明,东乡岩体形成于碰撞构造环境,岩浆来源于地幔,但形成演化期间经历了地壳物质的同化混染。该区矿石与花岗斑岩的稀土元素配分曲线存在一定的相似性,且成矿时间与岩浆侵入时间相近,表明岩浆侵入对东乡铜矿床的形成具有重要贡献。     

新疆吐克吐克铜矿黄铜矿Re-Os定年及成矿意义

吐克吐克铜矿为笔者新发现,产于新疆西准噶尔构造带南部,成矿时代尚缺乏精确的同位素年代学制约。该矿床硫化物组合单一,主要为黄铜矿。本文选择了8件黄铜矿样品,进行Re-Os法定年。结果得到了较好的效果,所有样品的Re含量为39.7×10~(-12)~2440.6×10~(-12),~(187)Os含量为1.2×10~(-12)~9.0×10~(-12),给出的等时线年龄为288.3±8.8Ma。这表明该区Cu的成矿作用与晚石炭世—早二叠世区域峰期岩浆活动一致,证实该区仍存在较大找矿空间。     

面向流域的定量降水估测产品检验订正

伴随着多源降水融合技术的发展,我国卫星、雷达反演、地面雨量观测计定量降水估测(QPE)产品已逐步趋于成熟,有效弥补了仅基于常规雨量站降水数据时空分辨率不足的缺陷,为江河流域面雨量产品开发和应用提供了契机;而对QPE产晶进行适用性检验和汀正是其在面向流域面雨量应用中的前提和基础。本研究利用国家气象中心及国家气象信息中心开发的QPE产品,结合水文站点实测降水数据,分别从产品误差的时空分布、流域的平均误差、不同量级降水的产品质量等角度,综合利用TS评分、命中率、漏估率、空估率以及ROC曲线等多种统计检验方法总体评估降水产品的适用性;采用递减平均法对每日的定量降水估测和实况降水的误差进行相关统计,在此基础上,对初始的QPE产品进行了优化订正,建立了基于QPE的流域面雨量产品;最后以沂河临沂站以上流域的水文要素预报为例,验证了订正产品对水文模式预报改进效果。上述研究表明,基于多源降水融合的QPE面雨量产品开发,在一定程度上可弥补目前国家级流域面雨量业务精细化不足,提升了国家级水文气象业务的技术能力。     

园林数字化信息系统的建设与实现

城市绿化是城市建设的重要组成部分,是一座城市展示形象的窗口,可以综合反映一座城市的文明程度、环境状况、经济状况和城市面貌。本项目利用GIS技术、绿化资源数据库技术等对绿化资源数据进行整合,在进行我市绿化信息资源普查的同时为园林绿化数据科学管理提供统一平台。     

一种POS数据辅助多视角倾斜航空影像匹配方法

提出一种利用POS辅助多视角倾斜影像匹配的算法。首先,利用POS数据对倾斜影像进行近似核线纠正;然后,用SIFTGPU算法对纠正影像进行特征匹配,根据匹配结果计算出两张影像的水平和垂直方向视差进而求得其近似重叠区域;将重叠区域进行分块特征匹配,采用比值提纯法、视差约束和RANSAC算法等约束条件剔除误匹配;最后,将匹配结果通过POS数据反算回到原始影像上。试验结果表明,将POS数据应用到多视角倾斜影像匹配中,可快速获得比常规影像匹配方法数量更多、分布更均匀的匹配点。     

Study on Optimal Grouting Timing for Controlling Uplift Deformation of a Super High Arch Dam

A grouting model is developed for use during the grouting of the complex foundation of a super high arch dam. The purpose as to determine the optimal grouting timing and appropriate grouting pressure involved in controlling the uplift deformation of the dam. The model determines the optimal grouting time as the height of the arch dam increases with the concrete pouring, by checking the tensile stresses in the dam against standard specifications. The appropriate grouting pressures are given on the basis of the actual grouting pressures monitored during the upstream riverbed foundation grouting. An engineering procedure, applying the model, was then proposed and used during foundation grouting under the toe block of the Xiluodu super high-arch dam in south-western China. The quality of the foundation grouting was evaluated against the results from pressurized water permeability tests, acoustic wave velocity tests, elastic modulus tests and panoramic photographing of the rockmass on completion of the foundation grouting. The results indicated that the proposed grouting model can be applied to effectively reduce the uplift deformation and associated cracking risk for super high arch dams, and it can be concluded that the proposed engineering grouting procedure is a valuable tool for improving foundation grouting under the toe blocks of a super high arch dam.     

Effect of co-culture of Chinese shrimp (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Fenneropenaeus chinensis</Emphasis>) and sea cucumber (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Apostichopus japonicus</Emphasis> Selenka) on pond environment

Monoculture of sea cucumber (pond S) and polyculture of shrimp with sea cucumber (pond SS) were established to evaluate the effect of shrimp on the environmental conditions of sea cucumber farming pond. Contributions of sediment organic matter (SOM2) resuspended from benthic sediment and the suspended particulate organic matter (SPOM) deposited from the water column to the precipitated organic matter (SOM1) collected with sediment traps were estimated with carbon stable isotope analysis. The results showed that the levels of SPOM and SOM2 in pond SS significantly decreased in comparison with those in pond S at the end of experiment (P < 0.05), indicating that co-culturing shrimp in sea cucumber farming pond could purify the farming water. Carbon stable isotope analysis showed that the proportion of SOM2 in SOM1 in pond SS (84.97% ± 0.38%) was significantly lower than that in pond S (95.20% ± 0.30%) (P < 0.05), suggesting that the resuspension of organic matter from benthic sediment into overlying water was reduced in polyculture pond. In contrast, the proportion of SPOM in SOM1 in pond SS (15.03% ± 0.38%) was significantly higher than that in pond S (4.80% ± 0.30%) (P < 0.05), indicating that the sedimentation of SPOM from water column was enhanced in pond SS owing to the biodeposition effect of shrimp.