导电薄层下三维岩脉的CSAMT响应分析

为了研究探测3D导电岩脉状目标体的可控源音频电磁法（CSAMT）的最佳观测装置,我们用压缩积分方程法数值模拟了赋存于导电薄层下的3D导电岩脉的电磁场响应.计算结果表明,最有效的源的位置是把发射源沿岩脉的走向放置.相对于其他几种装置,这种观测装置得到的异常场与主场的比值最大.利用这种最佳的观测装置,通过将异常场E_ya 和 H_xa与噪音作对比,研究了当岩脉的埋深和高度发生变化时岩脉的可探测性问题.当岩脉的顶部埋深增加时,导电岩脉的可探测性降低.岩脉高度的变化对异常场幅值的影响要小于岩脉顶部埋深所产生的影响.所以通常情况下,即便应用了最有效的CSAMT装置,也很难探测到岩脉的高度,应用钻孔中的探测可能会解决这个问题.     

Petrology, Geochemistry and Zircon U-Pb Geochronology of the Xiangshan Group in the Eastern Hexi Corridor Belt: Implications for Provenance and Tectonic Evolution

The eastern Hexi Corridor Belt (HCB) is located in the transitional belt among the Alxa Block, the Qilian Orogenic Belt and the North China Block. Because of its unique tectonic location, the tectonic setting, provenance, and even the age of the sedimentary strata in the eastern HCB during the Early Paleozoic remain controversial. This study analyzes the provenance of the poorly studied Xiangshan Group, discusses its age of development and tectonic setting in the eastern HCB using a combination of petrological, geochemical and LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon dating methods. Based on the youngest age peaks and the fossil evidence, we suggest that the Xiangshan Group is Middle Cambrian to Late Ordovician in age. The complexity of the geochemical characteristics and associated diagrams suggests that the early stage of the Xiangshan Group developed in a passive continental margin environment, late in the back-arc basin of the eastern HCB. Based on the sandstone detrital composition, whole-rock geochemistry and detrital zircon ages, we conclude that the Xiangshan Group had an early provenance that was mainly from the Qilian Block and a late provenance from the Qilian Block and the western Alxa Block. The eastern HCB and its northern and southern blocks have similar palaeontology, lithology and basement age characteristics to the South China Block. This indicates that the eastern HCB might not have formed in the intra-continental aulacogen of the North China Block during the Early Paleozoic but has a close affinity to eastern Gondwana.     

船舶在平整冰区行进过程的离散元分析

船舶在冰区航行中,冰荷载是船舶结构设计和安全航行的重要影响因素。采用具有黏结破碎特征的离散单元法对船舶在平整冰区的航行过程进行了数值分析。在船舶破冰过程的离散元模拟中,平整冰由球形颗粒黏结而成,同时考虑了海水浮力和拖曳力对海冰单元的作用,颗粒间的黏结作用可在海冰与船体的相互作用过程中发生破碎;船体由三角形单元构造,分析了在海水浮力、推进器推力及海冰共同作用下船体的六自由度运动特性。通过船体与海冰相互作用的离散元分析,确定了船舶在破冰过程中海冰作用在船体上的冰荷载,探讨了船舶推进器推力和海冰厚度对冰荷载的影响,并与Lindqvist船体冰阻力经验公式进行了对比。     

出租车轨迹数据的南京人群出行模式挖掘

针对现有出租车轨迹数据挖掘中时间序列邻近度量方法存在的问题,提出一种基于DBSCAN算法和改进的DTW距离的时间序列聚类算法提取具有相似性出行特征的时空模式,进而研究城市人群出行行为的时空差异。以南京市为例,结合电子地图对出行模式的空间分布特征进行分析,证明了本文所提出的方法的有效性。实验结果表明:在空间分布上,工作日出租车出行模式按照平均出行频次由高到低排序,从城市中心向四周扩散,呈中心环状分布,出行模式区域界限较为明显,同类出行模式分布区域对应相似的功能。提出了一种基于DBSCAN算法和改进的DTW距离的时间序列聚类算法提取具有相似性出行特征的时空模式,有效地分析城市人群出行行为的时空差异。     

Endogenous and nonimpact origin of the Arkenu circular structures (al‐Kufrah basin—SE Libya)

Abstract– The twin Arkenu circular structures (ACS), located in the al‐Kufrah basin in southeastern Libya, were previously considered as double impact craters (the “Arkenu craters”). The ACS consist of a NE (Arkenu 1) and a SW structure (Arkenu 2), with approximate diameters of about 10 km. They are characterized by two shallow depressions surrounded by concentric circular ridges and silica‐impregnated sedimentary dikes cut by local faults. Our field, petrographic, and textural observations exclude that the ACS have an impact origin. In fact, we did not observe any evidence of shock metamorphism, such as planar deformation features in the quartz grains of the collected samples, and the previously reported “shatter cones” are wind‐erosion features in sandstones (ventifacts). Conversely, the ACS should be regarded as a “paired” intrusion of porphyritic stocks of syenitic composition that inject the Nubia Formation and form a rather simple and eroded ring dike complex. Stock emplacement was followed by hydrothermal activity that involved the deposition of massive magnetite–hematite horizons (typical of iron oxide copper‐gold deposits). Their origin was nearly coeval with the development of silicified dikes in the surroundings. Plugs of tephritic‐phonolitic rocks and lamprophyres (monchiquites) inject the Nubian sandstone along conjugate fracture zones, trending NNW–SSE and NE–SW, that crosscut the structural axis of the basin.     

构造转换背景下应力与流体相互作用控制华南朱溪超大型W-Cu矿床成矿作用

朱溪W-Cu矿床是近年来在江南斑岩-矽卡岩W矿带发现的一个超大型矿床,其成矿作用特点在国内外众多研究者的关注下逐渐明朗,但构造对成矿作用的控制机制尚未明确.文章基于矿床地质特征的观察,对与蚀变和矿化有关的构造进行解析,依据矿脉(体)的穿切关系,主要厘定出5种具先后次序的控矿构造类型:早期挤压背景下形成的近水平贫矿热液脉(H脉),挤压向伸展转换背景下形成的陡倾波状张剪性含矿脉(R脉),水压致裂主导的流体逃逸构造和近直立平直白钨矿-石英-白云母脉(F脉),以及晚期伸展拆离背景下形成的角砾构造.其中,R脉为矽卡岩型W-Cu矿体的主要赋存形式,F脉为白钨矿-石英-白云母脉型矿体的主要赋存形式.结合前人同位素年代学资料,提出研究区经历了161 Ma以前的挤压,153～145 Ma期间挤压向伸展转换,145 Ma以后的伸展构造背景.其中,挤压向伸展转换时期的断层阀行为控制了朱溪W-Cu成矿作用.据此,文章将朱溪W-Cu矿床的断层阀模型划分为破裂前、断层阀(地震破裂)、流体充填(地震泵吸)、自愈合和再循环等5个阶段.矿化主要发生在断层阀模型的流体充填阶段,表现为压力骤降和流体沸腾,对应矽卡岩成矿期的退蚀变作用和浸染状W-Cu矿化,白钨矿-石英-白云母脉成矿期与白云母密切共生的细脉浸染状W-Cu矿化.朱溪W-Cu矿床的形成与燕山中晚期古太平洋俯冲板片沿扬子和华夏板块间的结合部位撕裂(156～135 Ma)导致岩石圈挤压向伸展转换并形成壳源过铝质-偏铝质花岗岩浆作用相关.     

颗粒沉降问题的高解析度CFD-DEM-IBM流固耦合数值模拟方法

为实现颗粒沉降问题的精确数值模拟,探索稠密颗粒两相流中流体与颗粒间的影响机制,基于浸入边界法（IBM）,建立了高解析度CFD-DEM-IBM流固耦合数值模拟方法。分别通过流体动力学方法（CFD）及离散单元法（DEM）描述连续流体及非连续颗粒,引入浸入边界法处理颗粒移动边界,并在Navier-Stokes动量方程中附加体力项以体现流固相互作用,采用交错迭代算法在同一时间步内多次迭代求解直至收敛以实现流固间的强耦合。通过单、双、群颗粒的沉降行为模拟,结果表明:与传统CFD-DEM方法相比,该方法能够准确考虑颗粒间及流固两相间的相互作用,获得高解析度的流场信息。模拟结果与前人数值计算结果吻合,验证了该方法的准确性与有效性及其对稠密颗粒两相流问题的适用性与优越性。     

双出口旋流取样器在RC钻探试验中的应用

反循环取样（RC）钻探是钻探技术的又一次技术革命,以其高效率、低成本、高适应性在西方国家得到了广泛应用。近年来,RC钻探在我国也越来越得到重视,应用越来越多。采样工艺是RC钻探的重要组成部分,国外在这方面比较先进,而我国采样工艺相对简单落后。双出口旋流取样器是对单出口旋流取样器的改进,在单出口的基础上增加了一个出口及阀门,阀门为两个出口共用,开启一个的同时关闭另一个。通过阀门的开关实现两个出口轮流接样,避免了连续进尺情况下的样品遗漏,减少了取样过程中粉尘外溢造成的污染。通过在卡拉塔格整装勘查区RC钻探试验中的应用,证明了它在防止样品遗漏、减少环境污染及便利取样操作方面有很大优越性。     

中国南北构造带北部中生代地质事件及其演化序列

南北构造带是中国大陆中部地表系统、地质构造及地球物理场的重要分界线,也是一条强震多发地带,长期以来被诸多学者所关注。但目前对该带中生代期间所经历的重要地质事件及其演化序列的研究较为薄弱,限制了对该带演化过程的认识。本文以南北构造带北部（宁南—六盘山地区）为研究对象,收集整理了大量低温热年代学数据、火山事件、构造事件及其它事件沉积的时空分布,分析和探讨了南北构造带北部中生代构造事件的演化序列。裂变径迹年龄统计结果表明,南北构造带北部中生代期间经历了晚三叠世—早侏罗世（220~180 Ma）、晚侏罗世—早白垩世早期（160~135 Ma）和晚白垩世—古新世中期（100~60 Ma）等多期的构造抬升事件。这些构造抬升事件在研究区均具有明显的地质响应,且其形成与中生代期间研究区及周邻的地球动力学环境变迁密切相关。而在构造变动的间歇期内,研究区大量接受沉积,并伴随着区域气候的变化,发生了诸多事件沉积,这一时期也往往是研究区油、气、煤、膏岩等能源矿产的富集时期。     

Development of a Label-Free Colorimetric Aptasensor with Rationally Utilized Aptamer for Rapid Detection of Okadaic Acid

Okadaic acid(OA)is a typical marine toxin with strong toxicity causing diarrheic shellfish poisoning(DSP).Aptamers show great advantages in toxin detection and attract increasing attentions in the field of food analysis.In this study,a label-free col-orimetric aptasensor was constructed for visual and rapid detection of OA in shellfish.To exploit the binding capability of the anti-OA aptamer,the inherent molecular recognition mechanism of aptamer and OA was studied,based on molecular docking,fluorescent assay,and biolayer interferometry.Consistent results showed that the stem-loop near the 3’terminal of the aptamer exhibit dominate binding capacity.Based on the revealed recognition information,the aptamer was thus rationally utilized and combined with AuNPs and cationic polymer polydiallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride(PDDA)for the development of the label-free colorimetric aptasensor,in which the 3’terminal was thoroughly exposed to OA.The aptasensor provided robust performance with a linear detection range of 100-1200 nmol L-1,a limit of detection of 41.30 nmol L-1,recovery rates of 91.6%-106.2%,as well as a high selectivity towards OA in shellfish samples.The whole detection process can be completed within 1 h.To our best knowledge,this is the first time that the anti-OA aptamer was thoroughly studied,and a label-free colorimetric aptasensor was rationally designed in this way.This study not only provides a rapid detection method for highly sensitive and specific detection of OA,but also serves as a reference for the design of efficient aptasensors in the future.