多道瞬变电磁法共中心点道集数据联合反演

多道瞬变电磁法是目前地面资源勘查领域的研究热点,开展该方法观测数据的一维反演对完成装备研发及技术推广具有积极的推动作用.针对多道瞬变电磁法特殊的源波形和数据采集方式,本文对多道瞬变电磁数据的响应提取和一维反演进行了研究.首先,采用反卷积方法从伪随机二进制序列全波形响应数据中提取大地脉冲响应.为了避免脉冲响应中空气波的干扰,提出采用反向积分算法,把脉冲响应转换成下降沿阶跃响应,并将其整理成共中点道集.最后,为充分利用各个偏移距下的响应数据对不同深度范围目标体的分辨能力,采用基于OCCAM算法的联合反演方法对共中心点道集数据进行联合反演.结果表明在不同目标体深度以及有噪声干扰的情况下,共中心点道集数据联合反演计算均可获得较好的结果.     

英云闪长岩奥长花岗岩花岗闪长岩(TTG)岩石构造组合及其亚类划分

TTG岩石构造组合(或岩类)表征洋壳俯冲作用。本文提出TTG岩类的4个亚类：(1)镁安山岩系列(MA)低压型TTG亚类,形成于非常年轻和很热的洋壳俯冲,压力≤1 500~1 600 MPa,深度≤50~60 km,例如活动洋中脊俯冲的板片窗的边缘;(2)镁安山岩系列(MA)高压型TTG亚类,形成于比较年轻和较热的洋壳俯冲,压力≥1 500~1 600 MPa,深度≥50~60 km;(3)低镁(或非镁)安山岩系列(LMA)低压型TTG亚类,形成于洋内弧下地壳,压力≤1 500~1 600 MPa,深度≤50~60 km;(4)低镁(或非镁)安山岩系列(LMA)高压型TTG亚类,形成了大陆边缘弧山根带,压力≥1 500~1 600 MPa,深度≥50~60 km。对TTG岩类4个亚类的研究,并结合对无TTG形成的老的冷的俯冲带洋壳和冷的弧地壳以及幔楔有无岩浆产生等方面的研究,可以重建岩浆弧的壳幔结构和热结构,进而可为与洋俯冲有关的成矿作用提供地质背景。     

Biomarker records of phytoplankton productivity and community structure changes in the Central Yellow Sea mud area during the Mid-late Holocene

The Yellow Sea (YS) environmental and ecological changes during the Holocene are driven by the interactions between the Yellow Sea Warm Current (YSWC), the East Asian Winter Monsoon (EAWM) and the Kuroshio Current (KC). We report marine biomarker records of brassicasterol, dinosterol and C37 alkenones in core ZY1 and core ZY2 from the South Yellow Sea (SYS) to reconstruct the spatial/temporal variations and possible mechanisms of phytoplankton primary productivity and community structure changes during the Mid-late Holocene. The contents of the corresponding biomarkers in the two cores are similar, and they also reveal broadly similar temporal trends. From 6 kyr to 3 kyr, the biomarker contents in the two cores were relatively low with small oscillations, followed by a distinct increase at about 3 kyr indicating productivity increases caused by a stronger EAWM. The alkenone/brassicasterol ratio (A/B) is used as a community structure proxy, which also showed higher values in both cores since 3 kyr, indicating increased haptophyte contribution to total productivity. It is proposed that the YS community structure has been mainly influenced by the YSWC, with stronger YSWC influences causing an increase in haptophyte contribution since 3 kyr. Some differences of the biomarker records between ZY2 and ZY1 suggest spatial variations in response to YSWC and KC forcing. When the KC was intensified during the periods of 6–4.2 kyr and 1.7–0 kyr, the YSWC extended eastward, exerting more influence on core ZY1. On the other hand, when the KC weakened during 4.2–1.7 kyr, the YSWC extended westward, exerting more influence on the ZY2.     

北武夷梨子坑火山盆地流纹斑岩与铅锌矿的成因关系

摘要：梨子坑火山盆地位于北武夷中生代月凤山-梨子坑火山岩带东段,已知铅锌（铜、银）矿体或矿化呈细脉-浸染型、脉状,产于流纹斑岩脉的内外接触带及其外侧围岩中,发育钾化、绿泥石化、硅化、绿帘石化等围岩蚀变。地球化学特征显示流纹斑岩为钙碱性系列,岩石具有高SiO2、富碱、高K2O、高钙铁、低镁、K2O／Na2O值偏高的特点,为强过铝质岩石。w（∑REE）值为76．28×10^-6～222．54×10＆-6（∑LREE／∑HREE）比值较大,为4．08-12．30,属于轻稀土元素富集型。成矿流纹斑岩形成于1372=2．1Ma（SHRIMP锆石U—Pb法）～138．8±1．4Ma（LA-MC—ICPMS锆石U—Pb法）,属早白垩世。铅锌矿属于次火山斑岩脉型铅锌（银铜）成矿系列,划分为次火山斑岩脉型和次火山热液破碎带型两种矿床成因类型。     

东海沉积物中微生物标志物GDGTs年代际变化及来源

甘油双烷基甘油四醚(Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraethers,GDGTs)是近几年来新发现的一类生物标志化合物,基于GDGTs的各种指标以其在指示物质来源以及海洋和陆地古温度重建等方面显示出的巨大应用潜力,逐渐成为古海洋学、古湖沼学和古气候学研究的重要工具。对采自东海陆架区的DH5-1站位(29°28.118′N、123°06.639′E,水深63.5m)的柱状沉积物样品进行了总有机质和GDGTs分析,研究了GDGTs化合物在东海陆架区柱状沉积物样品中的含量和沉积通量变化,并利用δ13 C、C/N以及基于GDGTs化合物的BIT指标讨论了该海区近150年来沉积有机质的来源变化。结果显示,近百年来东亚冬季风的增强,加强了冬季闽浙沿岸流对长江口沉积物的搬运,使得该海区陆源输入量呈增加趋势,但20世纪80年代以来,人类活动的加剧导致营养盐输入的增加,使得海洋生产力提高,沉积有机质中陆源有机质比例下降。     

Biomarker evidence for paleoenvironmental changes in the southern Yellow Sea over the last 8200 years

Previous studies have indicated that the Yellow Sea underwent significant environmental changes during the Holocene, but many questions remain concerning the timing of the establishment of the modern circulation system, which would have major implications for the Yellow Sea ecosystem and carbon cycle. In this study, marine and terrestrial biomarkers were analyzed in Core YE-2 from a muddy area in the southern Yellow Sea to reconstruct Holocene environmental and phytoplankton community change. The content of three individual marine phytoplankton biomarkers (alkenones, brassicasterol and dinosterol) all display a similar trend, and their total contents during the early Holocene (362 ng/g) were lower than those during the mid-late Holocene (991 ng/g). On the other hand, the contents of terrestrial biomarkers (C27+C29+C31n-alkanes) during the early Holocene (1 661 ng/g) were about three times higher than those during the mid-late Holocene (499 ng/g). Our biomarker results suggest that the modern circulation system of the Yellow Sea was established by 5-6 ka, and resulted in higher marine productivity and lower terrestrial organic matter inputs. Biomarker ratios were used to estimate shifts in phytoplankton community structure in response to mid-Holocene (5-6 ka) environmental changes in the Yellow Sea, revealing a transition from a dinoflagellate-diatom dominant community structure during the early Holocene to a coccolithophore-dominant community structure during the mid-late Holocene.     

风暴潮灾害风险制图研究

风险图是风暴潮灾害风险评估和区划的重要成果,它能清晰反映风暴潮灾害风险等级分布的时空格局,有利于用图者更好地认识和掌握区域风暴潮灾害风险,提高沿海地方风暴潮灾害风险管理水平.从风暴潮灾害风险评估和区划的角度,阐述了风暴潮灾害风险图的用途、制图内容及色彩和符号设计,并对未来风暴潮灾害风险制图研究进行了展望.     

渭河盆地及周缘上古生界残留地层分布及油气意义

近年来,由于全球资源量的需求增多,作为勘探程度较低的渭河盆地受到了越来越多学者的关注。而制约渭河盆地油气勘探的主要矛盾是缺乏烃源岩,若盆地存在上古生界烃源岩,则具有重要油气地质意义,可为氦载体气成藏提供物质基础。为了研究渭河盆地及周缘上古生界残留地层分布特征,本文系统收集、整理了渭河盆地及周缘已有地球物理资料,结合地质、地震、钻井、地球化学等研究成果,明确了研究区上古生界残留地层分布,通过对比盆地南北缘上古生界烃源岩特征,探讨渭河盆地内部上古生界天然气勘探潜力。结果表明,渭河盆地内确实存在上古生界地层,主要位于西安凹陷和固市凹陷内,固市凹陷中煤系地层的厚度较西安凹陷大,且厚度较大处靠近南部。烃源岩产生的甲烷气通过盆地内大量的断裂运移到新生界断层封闭的圈闭构造中成藏,新生代地层中发育优质的储盖组合,新近系张家坡组上部分布大范围的湖泛沉积泥岩,构成了良好的区域性盖层,为天然气提供了有利的保存条件。此外,天然气藏的存在可为盆地内氦气成藏提供基础条件。对渭河盆地基底气源岩认识的深化,为鄂尔多斯周缘盆地群油气基础地质调查提供重要的借鉴意义。     

计算层状介质中电磁场的层矩阵法

现有人工源频率域电磁法的研究大多仅针对某种具体的方法,而较少将问题综合起来分析.本文综合多种方法的共同点提出了层矩阵法,它采取了源置于层间的模型进行公式的推导,理论上可以计算任意层状介质中任意位置的任意场源在空间中任意位置产生的场强,可适用于多种电磁法的正演模拟计算.层矩阵法的核心是对空间域的变量x, y, z中的x和y变量进行傅氏变换后转换到波数域k_x和k_y中,在波数域利用边界条件,用层矩阵建立起各层的关系后计算得到各层的波数域电磁场值,然后经过二维反傅氏变换最终得到空间域中任意位置的场值.因为文中定义的层矩阵是建立层关系的关键,所以称此方法为层矩阵法.本文以水平电偶源为例独立推导了层状介质中人工源频率域电磁场解的理论公式.为了验证方法的正确性,文中建立了多种模型,利用自行编排的程序将层矩阵法与现有文献的各种解析公式的解进行了对比,结果表明本文提出的层矩阵法是灵活的、可靠的.