节理化岩石力学分级及其在采矿工程中的应用

<正> 笔者曾在南非一些纤维蛇纹石石棉矿山从事与采矿有关的工作二十多年。这些矿床形成于五种不同的地质环境中,不同成矿环境的矿体有极大的差异。含矿岩石多变,或为局部蛇纹石化纯橄岩一橄榄岩,或为蛇纹岩。竖井、平硐、天井、盲井和主要坑道均开凿在片麻岩、石英岩、燧石层、熔岩、绿泥石片岩、滑石碳酸盐岩、滑石片岩、碳酸盐化蛇纹岩、蛇纹岩、纯橄岩和辉绿岩脉内。岩石分级表中所列举的各种岩石这里都能见到。普遍采用的采矿     

Towards sustainable mining cities: what policies should be sought and experiences could be learnt for China?

Foundationitem:UndertheauspicesoftheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(No.49601007)1IntroductionThehlemelineoftilepaperisanexPlorahonofthetenns'sustainablecihes',whichweremuchinevidCnceatHabitatIIheldatIStanbulinJunel996(UNCHtheUnitedNationConferenceonHumanSettlements).ttisexPlorahoniscompletelynottotracethefashionofthewordsthemselves,rathertoviewthefactSthat,ontheonehand,IniningciheshavebeenplaytngsuchacrucialroletoChina'snahonalsocio-economyasChinahasbeingcontributedtotheglob…     

武汉地区的新构造运动与区域稳定性评价

武汉地区位于江汉沉降区东部,东北侧,东南侧分别与淮阳弧形构造和幕阜山弧形构造毗连,新构造早期变动比较激烈,并产生了多种构造变动类型,断裂活动也比较强烈。新构造晚期,各种迹象表明,构造变动比较平稳,断裂活动也不明显,但仍存在着发生5级左右地震的背景,而且高漫滩、泛滥平原的地基基础较差,烈度可提高1—2度。     

长江三峡水库巴东库段地震成因分析

根据对震区野外地震地质调查资料的分析。认为长江三峡水库蓄水期间及蓄水后库区巴东附近连续发生的微地震活动主要为水库诱发地震．其中部分为构造地震，部分为蓄水引起的岩溶塌陷地震。     

Airborne and groundbased spectrophotometry of comet P/Halley from 5-13 micrometers

Spectrophotometry from 5-10 micrometers (delta lambda/lambda approximately 0.02) of comet Halley was obtained from the Kuiper Airborne Observatory on 1985 December 12.1 and 1986 April 8.6 and 10.5, UT. 8-13 micrometers data were obtained on 17.2 December 1985 from the Nickel Telescope at Lick Observatory. The spectra show a strong broad emission band at 10 micrometers and a weak feature at 6.8 micrometers. We do not confirm the strong 7.5 micrometers emission feature observed by the Vega 1 spacecraft. The 10 micrometers band, identified with silicate materials, has substructure indicative of crystalline material. The band can be fitted by combining spectra data from a sample of interplanetary dust particles. The primary component of the silicate emission is due to olivine. The 6.8 micrometers emission feature can be due either to carbonates or the C-H deformation mode in organic molecules. The lack of other emission bands is used to place limits on the types of organic molecules responsible for the emission observed by others at 3.4 micrometers. Color temperatures significantly higher than the equilibrium blackbody temperature indicate that small particles are abundant in the coma. Significant spatial and temporal variations in the spectrum have been observed and show trends similar to those observed by the spacecraft and from the ground. Temporal variability of the silicate emission relative to the 5-8 micrometers continuum suggests that there are at least two physically separated components of the dust.     

Petrography and bulk chemistry of Martian orthopyroxenite ALH84001: implications for the origin of secondary carbonates

New petrologic and bulk geochemical data for the SNC-related (Martian) meteorite ALH84001 suggest a relatively simple igneous history overprinted by complex shock and hydrothermal processes. ALH84001 is an igneous orthopyroxene cumulate containing penetrative shock deformation textures and a few percent secondary extraterrestrial carbonates. Rare earth element (REE) patterns for several splits of the meteorite reveal substantial heterogeneity in REE abundances and significant fractionation of the REEs between crushed and uncrushed domains within the meteorite. Complex zoning in carbonates indicates nonequilibrium processes were involved in their formation, suggesting that CO2-rich fluids of variable composition infiltrated the rock while on Mars. We interpret petrographic textures to be consistent with an inorganic origin for the carbonate involving dissolution-replacement reactions between CO2-charged fluids and feldspathic glass in the meteorite. Carbonate formation clearly postdated processes that last redistributed the REE in the meteorite.     

南极洲西摩岛白垩系—第三系边界上的铱和甲藻孢子：对K—T事件的意义

在南极半岛西摩岛上，一套海相碎屑沉积地层的一段未经固结的海绿石粉砂质砂层中，存在着与Ｋ－Ｔ边界有关的、且高于背景值４０倍的铱异常。甲藻孢子为２０￣３０ｃｍ厚的Ｋ－Ｔ边界过渡层的生物地层鉴定提供了依据；在海绿石层中，没有保存钙质微化石。甲藻孢子还记录了Ｋ－Ｔ边界过渡层之上１０ｃｍ处的早丹麦阶（Ｋ１＾１）海侵事件，铱的高峰值出现在甲藻孢子过渡层的底部与涨潮层之下３０ｃｍ处。白垩纪末，位于高纬度区（６３