云南马关都龙锡锌多金属矿床绿泥石成因矿物学

云南马关都龙锡锌多金属矿床是我国最大的锡石硫化物矿床之一。都龙矿区绿泥石分布广泛,与成矿关系密切。本文对矿区铜街—曼家寨矿段中部F₁断层不同深度的绿泥石进行了电子探针主量元素以及LA-ICPMS微量元素分析。结果表明,根据矿石类型、矿物组合不同,矿区绿泥石可分为3类。第1类绿泥石（Chl-Ⅰ）产于矽卡岩型矿石中,常与黑云母、闪锌矿和石英共生;第2类绿泥石（Chl-Ⅱ）产于石英萤石脉内,常与锡石密切共生;第3类绿泥石（Chl-Ⅲ）产于碳酸盐型矿石,常与方解石和闪锌矿密切共生。垂向上至下而上具有从Chl-Ⅰ→Chl-Ⅱ→Chl-Ⅲ分带的特点,这3类绿泥石均为三八面体结构富铁-镁种属绿泥石,暗示其形成于较还原的环境。Mg²⁺与Fe²⁺替代以及Tschermark替代是矿区绿泥石中主量元素替代方式。绿泥石地质温度计计算结果为203～289℃,表明成矿作用发生在中低温环境,3类绿泥石温度从Chl-Ⅰ至Chl-Ⅲ温度逐渐降低。结合其产出特征,推测这3类绿泥石可能是岩浆热液成矿过程不同阶段的产物。3类绿泥石中,随着与隐伏岩体的距离增加...     

分散元素的超常富集与共生

本以地质事实为基础,初步探讨了分散元素的超常富集和共生问题。在一定地质条件下,分散元素可以发生超常富集,乃至形成分散元素的独立矿床。低温条件有利于分散元素的超常富集和形成独立矿物;热水沉积作用在某些分散元素的成矿过程中具有重要意义。分散元素共生,是一种常见的现象。相似的地球化学性质和地球化学行为,是导致分散元素共生的基本原因。男外,区域地质背景也是一个重要因素。     

滇东南老君山中一深变质岩系铅同位素特征及时代归属

滇东南老君山地区是我国重要的锡多金属成矿区之一,区内中-深变质岩系的时代归属尚存在不同认识.通过对其中的花岗片麻岩类的铅同位素研究,获得全岩-长石铅-铅等时线年龄为598±84Ma,(207Pb/204Pb)0=14.523±0.235,γ=0.97898,MSWD=14.这一年龄值代表了花岗片麻岩遭受混合岩化作用的年龄,相当于晚震旦世晚期.结合前人研究成果,本文认为该中-深变质岩系的时代归属于前寒武纪.     

右江盆地中三叠统砂岩LA-ICP-MS碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学

在野外考察及岩石学研究的基础上,对右江盆地不同位置的中三叠统砂岩3件样品进行LA-ICP-MS碎屑锆石U-Pb同位素测年数据,表明中三叠砂岩的物源区可能均主要存在1100、950、850、740、440、360、300和260 Ma八组年龄的地壳或再循环地壳组分,对比前人对盆地周边不同大地构造单元已有年龄数据统计结果,指示右江盆地中三叠统砂岩物源区可能主要为扬子地块、华夏地块和越北古陆,但由于扬子地块与华夏地块两个物源区影响程度不一致,盆地的不同位置表现出一定的差异。     

40Ar/39Ar Fast Neutron Activation Ages of Quartz from the J inman Vein Copper Deposit in Western Yunnan and Their Significance

Quartz samples collected from the Jinman vein copper deposit in the Lanping Basin of western Yunnan were determined by 40Ar/39Ar fast neutron activation techniques, and the spectra are characterized as being saddle-shaped. The samples yielded a plateau age of 58.05 ±0.54 Ma, a minimum appearance age of 56.76 ± 0.81 Ma and an isochron age of 54.30 ±0.15 Ma, the three ages being close to each other, indicating that the ages of the quartz samples so far determined are true and reliable. The plateau age represents the time of formation of Cu-bearing quartz veins, which is corresponding to Early Himalayan. This age is also consistent with the time at which a tectonically thermal event (60 Ma) took place within the Lanping Basin, Yunnan Province. In consideration of the fact that copper ore and other ore types in the vast area of western Yunnan are concentrated mainly in the Early Himalayan strata, the authors believe that there must have existed some indispensable key factors leading to metallogenesis on a large scale during the Early Himalayan period in western Yunnan and also constraining in union the formation of ore deposits there.     

都龙锡锌多金属矿床辉石地球化学特征与找矿意义

都龙锡锌多金属矿床是我国三大锡石硫化物矿床之一,该矿床构造地质及成矿作用复杂,长期以来矿床成因备受争议,在一定程度上制约了深部及外围找矿。本文主要以矽卡岩矿物-辉石为研究对象,在野外地质特征基础之上,对其主微量元素地球化学特征进行了系统的研究。电子探针及微量元素分析结果表明,矽卡岩的形成与深部隐伏花岗岩体关系密切,由深至浅辉石端元组分具规律性变化,为Di-Hd→Di→Di-Hd,推测在矽卡岩的形成过程中,流体的酸碱度和氧化环境发生过较明显的变化,前期处于一个相对还原的酸性环境,后变为相对氧化的碱性环境,为矿区多金属元素共同成矿提供了较为适宜的沉淀环境。微量元素分析结果显示,辉石中含较高的Zn、In、Sn等成矿金属元素,与老君山花岗岩及矿区隐伏岩体中成矿元素进行对比,矿区隐伏岩体中成矿元素明显亏损,间接表明都龙矿区矽卡岩的形成受燕山期老君山花岗岩控制。同时,主量元素分析结果显示,辉石成分与矿化关系密切,在距隐伏花岗岩体50～300 m范围内,矿化明显,是寻找Sn、Zn、Cu、W等金属矿产的有利地段。     

Mantle redox evolution and the oxidation state of the Archean atmosphere

Current models predict that the early atmosphere consisted mostly of CO2, N2, and H2O, along with traces of H2 and CO. Such models are based on the assumption that the redox state of the upper mantle has not changed, so that volcanic gas composition has remained approximately constant with time. We argue here that this assumption is probably incorrect: the upper mantle was originally more reduced than today, although not as reduced as the metal arrest level, and has become progressively more oxidized as a consequence of the release of reduced volcanic gases and the subduction of hydrated, oxidized seafloor. Data on the redox state of sulfide and chromite inclusions in diamonds imply that the process of mantle oxidation was slow, so that reduced conditions could have prevailed for as much as half of the earth's history. To be sure, other oxybarometers of ancient rocks give different results, so the question of when the mantle redox state has changed remains unresolved. Mantle redox evolution is intimately linked to the oxidation state of the primitive atmosphere: A reduced Archean atmosphere would have had a high hydrogen escape rate and should correspond to a changing mantle redox state; an oxidized Archean atmosphere should be associated with a constant mantle redox state. The converses of these statements are also true. Finally, our theory of mantle redox evolution may explain why the Archean atmosphere remained oxygen-deficient until approximately 2.0 billion years ago (Ga) despite a probable early origin for photosynthesis.     

X-ray digital imaging petrography of lunar mare soils: modal analyses of minerals and glasses

It is essential that accurate modal (i.e., volume) percentages of the various mineral and glass phases in lunar soils be used for addressing and resolving the effects of space weathering upon reflectance spectra, as well as for their calibration such data are also required for evaluating the resource potential of lunar minerals for use at a lunar base. However, these data are largely lacking. Particle-counting information for lunar soils, originally obtained to study formational processes, does not provide these necessary data, including the percentages of minerals locked in multi-phase lithic fragments and fused-soil particles, such as agglutinates. We have developed a technique for modal analyses, sensu stricto, of lunar soils, using digital imaging of X-ray maps obtained with an energy-dispersive spectrometer mounted on an electron microprobe. A suite of nine soils (90 to 150 micrometers size fraction) from the Apollo 11, 12, 15, and 17 mare sites was used for this study. This is the first collection of such modal data on soils from all Apollo mare sites. The abundances of free-mineral fragments in the mare soils are greater for immature and submature soils than for mature soils, largely because of the formation of agglutinitic glass as maturity progresses. In considerations of resource utilization at a lunar base, the best lunar soils to use for mineral beneficiation (i.e., most free-mineral fragments) have maturities near the immature/submature boundary (Is/FeO approximately or = 30), not the mature soils with their complications due to extensive agglutination. The particle data obtained from the nine mare soils confirm the generalizations for lunar soils predicted by L.A. Taylor and D.S. McKay (1992, Lunar Planet Sci. Conf. 23rd, pp. 1411-1412 [Abstract]).     

一个受后期改造和热液叠加的块状硫化物矿床——都龙超大型锡锌多金属矿床

一个受后期改造和热液叠加的块状硫化物矿床——都龙超大型锡锌多金属矿床＠刘玉平￥中国科学院地球化学研究所块状硫化物矿床,热水沉积,变质改造,岩浆热液叠加,成矿机理,成矿模式一个受后期改造和热液叠加的块状硫化物矿床———都龙超大型锡锌多金属矿床刘玉平（中国科学...     

Multielemental accumulation and its intracellular distribution in tissues of some aquatic birds

This study was aimed at determining multielemental concentration and its intracellular distribution in selected tissues of cormorant and waterfowl species. Non-essential elements such as Hg, Tl, Cd, Pb and V in tissues were generally consistent with those in ingested items, indicating the significance of food sources of non-essential metal accumulation in great cormorants and mallards. Great cormorants and four waterfowl species examined reflected natural background levels of toxic metals such as Cd, Hg and Pb as well as some essential elements, indicating no specific metal exposure from local sources. Most of Cu, Zn, Se, Rb, Ag, Cd, Cs, and Hg contents were present in the hepatocytosolic fraction, whereas a large percentage of V and Mo were present in insoluble fraction in great cormorant, mallard, and spot-billed duck. The major role of these subcelluar fractions in elemental regulation accounts for the high percentage contribution of each cellular fraction to the total metal contents. Cadmium and Cu are chiefly sequestered through binding to metallothioneins (MTs) of hepatocytosolic fraction in these three avian species. Both MTs and high-molecular-weight substance (HMWS) for Zn and low-molecular-weight substance (LMWS) for Rb were also involved in their sequestration in cytosolic fractions. Relatively different species-specific cytosolic substances were responsible for varying degrees of Ag, Mn, and Co accumulation. It is worth noting that these intracellular metal levels in birds are closely regulated by metal-associated cellular constituents. Therefore, risk assessment studies of metal accumulation in such wild birds should take intracellular metal distribution and specific cellular constituents into account.