县(市)绝对地震应急能力评估方法的初步研究

县(市)地震应急能力的高低直接关系到中国整个地震应急工作的成效.从县(市)绝对地震应急能力的内涵分析出发,结合汶川地震灾区县(市)地震应急能力实地调研工作取得的认识,首先初步构建了县(市)绝对地震应急能力指标体系框架;然后以四川省县(市)为例,在遵循科学性、系统优化和可操作性原则的基础上,构建了围绕着1个目标层,设定5...     

长江中游沿岸地下水中有机质分子组成特征及其对碘富集的指示

长期摄入高碘地下水（碘浓度＞100 μg/L）会造成人体甲状腺机能损伤.天然有机质被认为是影响高碘地下水形成的关键组分,为研究地下水中溶解性有机质（DOM）分子组成对碘富集的影响,选取长江中游沿岸浅层地下水作为研究对象,运用傅立叶变换离子回旋共振质谱仪（FT-ICR-MS）表征不同碘浓度地下水中DOM分子组成差异.研究发现碘易富集在还原环境的浅层地下水中,地下水中碘的浓度与溶解性有机碳（DOC）浓度无显著关系,DOM分子总数越多碘浓度越高;高碘地下水较低碘水DOM分子均一性、多样性更强,氧化程度和不饱和程度更高,含更多芳香性结构.长江中游沿岸高碘地下水的形成受DOM分子组成控制,主要与不饱和程度高尤其是含芳香性结构的大分子DOM有关,含芳香性结构的DOM分子与碘络合在高碘地下水的形成过程中起重要作用.      

Geology, Geochemistry and Minerogenesis of the Shijuligou Zinc–Copper Deposit in Gansu, China

Abstract: The Shijuligou deposit was separated by an arcuate ductile shear zone cross the center of the deposit region, resulting in the difference between the southern and northern ore bodies. The lead (Pb) isotopic data of ores of the Shijuligou copper deposit have averages of 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 208Pb/204Pb in 17.634, 15.444, and 37.312, respectively. It has been shown that ore-forming metals originated from intrusive and extrusive rocks in the upper part of ophiolites. The sulfur isotopic data of pyrite and chalcopyrite in the northern part change from +7.61‰ to +8.09‰ and +4.95‰ to +8.88‰ in the southern part. Isotopes of δ18O in the Shijuligou copper deposit are between +11.1‰ and +18.6‰, with the calculated δ18OH2O at +0.65‰. It is suggested that the mineralized fluid is a mixture of magma fluid, meteorological water, and seawater through circulating and leaching metals from the volcanic rocks. The zircon uranium-lead (U–Pb) dating of gabbro is 457.9±1.2 Ma, and the lower crossing age of the discordant and concordia curves of pyroxene spilite of zircon is 454±15 Ma. It is indicated that the Shijuligou deposit formed in a new ocean crust (ophiolite) of the back-arc basin in the late Ordovician. Mineralization should occur in the intermittence period after strong volcanic activity, and the age should be the late Ordovician. Moreover, the mineralization of ophiolite-hosted massive sulfide deposits in the ancient orogenic belt of the late Ordovician in the northern Qilian Mountains was controlled by the primary fault/fracture, with the forming of a metallogenic hydrothermal system by a mixture of volcanic magma fluid and seawater, which circularly leached the metallogenic metals from the volcanic rocks, resulting in their accumulation. The ore bodies were transformed with morphology and metallogenic elements. Jasperoid is an important sign for prospecting such deposits. There were many island arcs in the continent of China. This study provides evidence for understanding and exploration of ophiolite-hosted massive sulfide deposits in western China, especially in the area of northern Qilian Mountains.     

现代黄河三角洲土地利用变化分析

人类对海岸带的开发利用影响着海岸的变迁。土地利用和土地覆被变化可以说是自然与人文过程交叉最为密切的问题，是人地关系的具体体现。通过对黄河三角洲土地利用变化的研究，可了解人为因素对三角洲海岸带的开发利用状况及其对海岸侵蚀的影响。根据1987年和2001年两期卫星遥感图像和2001年野外调查数据，运用地理信息系统方法及数理统计方法，分析了现代黄河三角洲地区1987年至2001年土地利用／覆被的数量变化和空间变化特征；揭示了该地区各类土地利用数量变化的幅度、速度和土地利用空间变化的主要类型；阐明了该区各类土地利用变化的区域特点。该地区土地利用变化速度比整个环渤海地区速度快，草地、滩地和不明地类这3种类型大量减少，其他类型增多。从变化率来看，养殖区、库塘、油田用地增长最快。库塘、海滩养殖区等类型的增加，滨海草地的减少，使海岸侵蚀加剧。     

CHANNEL SHRINKAGE AND ITS INSTABILITY IN THE LOWER YELLOW RIVER1

From the mid 1980s through the late 1990s, the channel of the lower Yellow River experienced serious shrinkage, which has decreased the flood conveyance of the channel and the sediment carrying capacity of the flow, raised the water levels of floods, and, thus, severely threatened the safety of flood control along the river. The completion of Xiaolangdi Dam in 1999 could help mitigate the channel shrinkage problem, but the situation has not changed yet. This paper analyses the characteristics, mechanisms, and conditions resulting in channel shrinkage, points out channel instabilities, and puts forward approaches of channel rehabilitation.     

中国龙卷风的若干特征

应用数理统计方法和通过对观测资料的分析，研究了龙卷风的气候特征；根据近年天气资料，研究了龙卷风发生的天气系统，层结特征，风场和母体云团的特征。     

穿越地裂缝带地铁隧道结构分段长度优化研究

目前西安地铁建设中过地裂缝带隧道均采取分段设缝的结构措施,而隧道结构分段长度的优化问题是地铁隧道穿越地裂缝带设防的关键。本文以西安地铁斜交穿越地裂缝带为工程背景,通过分段设缝的地铁隧道斜交跨地裂缝带的有限元数值模拟,研究了斜交跨地裂缝带地铁隧道分段设缝的合理模式及分段隧道的合理长度。计算结果表明:对缝设置模式下分段设缝隧道结构塑性区范围较小,集中在隧道拱底、拱脚;而悬臂设置模式下塑性区分布范围大且较为复杂,不利于进行衬砌加强。地铁隧道穿越地裂缝带衬砌结构宜采取分段设缝的对缝设置模式,跨地裂缝带的分段隧道合理长度为15 m,位于地裂缝主变形区内的分段隧道长度可按10～15 m考虑,而穿越地裂缝主变形区之外的地铁隧道分段长度可根据轨道调坡及隧道防水等其他要求适当增加。研究成果可为地裂缝发育的城市地铁隧道结构设计及其他地下空间开发提供重要的理论依据和技术参考。     

北大别白垩纪花岗岩中发现2.65 Ga新太古代继承锆石

<正>1研究目的（Objective）太古宙岩石是研究大陆地壳早期形成与演化最重要的载体,在探讨早期地壳物质成分、地壳增生与再造以及早期地球构造体制和板块构造启动时限等方面尤为重要,因此长期以来备受地学界关注。然而,华南板块的太古宙岩石出露较为稀少,目前仅在扬子北缘的崆岭、钟祥、鱼洞子、大别山黄土岭和扬子西南缘地区零星出露。位于扬子陆块北缘的大别造山带经历了三叠纪华南板块与华北板块陆-陆碰撞及白垩纪巨量岩浆活动的叠加改造,但仍有少量太古宙年龄信息的报道,     

鄱阳湖湿地生态功能重要性分区

在分析鄱阳湖湿地自然环境特征和湿地生态系统服务功能特征基础上,利用GIs技术,对鄱阳湖湿地范围进行界定,湿地面积为3886km2.基于湿地生态环境保护和社会经济发展总体要求,按照生态功能区划原理,对湿地进行生态功能重要性分区研究.根据湿地生态功能重要性评价结果将湿地分为极重要区、高度重要区、重要区、一般重要区四个区域,...     

基于ASD地物光谱仪的两种天空光测量方法比较分析

基于AsD地物光谱仪最常用的两种天空光测量方法--标准灰板反演测量法和直接测量法同时观测广州市天空光辐亮度,采用灰色系统理论进行了两种测量结果的灰关联系数计算;分别对两种测量方法获取的辐亮度值进行直接比较和两种测量结果的灰关联系数定量比较分析.结果表明:标准板反演的天空光和不同方位、不同观测天顶角的天空光的灰关联系数有...