贵州石阡-花桥断裂构造特征及其对地热资源的控制作用

石阡地区具有丰富的地热资源,在石阡-花桥断裂带及其次级构造中形成了一系列的温泉群。断裂构造对地热资源具有严格的控制作用。本文通过对石阡-花桥断裂带显微构造、运动学等构造地质特征和该地区地热特征,系统分析石阡-花桥断裂带构造特征及其对地热资源的控制作用。研究认为,石阡地区地热资源的主要热源为地温梯度增温,地热资源的分布严格受控于石阡-花桥断裂。石阡断裂为逆冲兼左行平移断层,为地热水的传导和储集提供了有利空间。花桥断裂带发育拉张裂隙、扭裂隙及分枝状断层,圈闭了含水岩系,在拉裂破碎带上形成热储。温泉大多沿主要控热、导热断裂出露,平面上呈线状分布于石阡和花桥断裂上盘及花桥断裂的断夹块中。     

四川江油马角坝刺林包剖面二叠-三叠系间粘土岩研究

二叠-三叠纪之交华南地区普遍发育火山成因的粘土岩,其对于了解二叠纪末大规模火山活动及扬子板块碎屑物质来源具有重要意义。本文对扬子西缘马角坝刺林包剖面飞仙关组底部粘土岩进行了碎屑锆石U-Pb定年及原位Hf同位素测试、X衍射和全岩地球化学分析,以揭示粘土岩的岩石成分及物源信息。镜下特征、X衍射及主量元素特征表明岩石中粘土矿物主要为伊利石,含少量方解石、石英。碎屑锆石年龄显示,特征峰值年龄主要集中在2 615~2 383、1 868~1 328、1 186~778和430~246 Ma,并出现~250 Ma特征高峰,结合原位Hf同位素特征表明锆石与秦岭造山带、华南典型PTB剖面粘土岩及峨眉山大火成岩省具有较高的相似性。同时,通过微量、稀土元素分析发现粘土岩中Zr、Hf、Th、Cr、Co、Ti相对富集,与华南典型PTB粘土岩和峨眉山玄武岩相近,并结合构造背景及锆石特征,综合认为刺林包剖面PTB粘土岩来自于秦岭造山带及龙门山岛链局部剥蚀区、二叠纪末火山活动和峨眉山大火成岩省剥蚀岩体。     

温石棉通过活性氧激活线粒体通路诱导A549细胞凋亡的机制研究

探讨活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)在温石棉激活线粒体通路诱导A549凋亡中的作用。采用不同浓度温石棉粉尘染毒人肺上皮细胞(A549)后,MTT法检测细胞存活率,流式细胞术检测ROS抑制剂N-乙酰半胱氨酸(N-acetyl-L-cysteine,NAC)预处理前后的细胞凋亡率、胞内ROS水平及线粒体膜电位,Western Blot法检测各组细胞半胱天冬氨酸蛋白酶3(caspase-3)、p53蛋白表达水平。实验结果显示,温石棉可降低A549细胞存活率,呈现时间-剂量效应关系;NAC可显著减少胞内ROS水平、阻止线粒体膜电位下降,并下调caspase-3、p53蛋白的表达水平,抑制部分细胞凋亡的发生。表明ROS可通过诱导p53蛋白过表达,激活线粒体凋亡通路,诱导A549细胞发生凋亡。     

PM2.5降尘对A549细胞线粒体氧化损伤的影响

将不同浓度PM_(2.5)降尘作用于A549细胞后,利用MTT法检测其存活率,W-G染色观察细胞形态,荧光探针法检测细胞ROS和MMP相对水平,以探讨PM_(2.5)降尘对A549细胞线粒体氧化损伤的影响及作用机制。结果显示,经12. 5μg/m L的PM_(2.5)降尘作用A549细胞3 h后,细胞存活率为(81. 77±6. 15)%,并随作用浓度及时间增加呈递减趋势。PM_(2.5)染毒后可观察到细胞形态不规则,胞膜溶解破坏,细胞微核出现。PM_(2.5)降尘作用于细胞24 h后,胞内ROS相对含量随暴露浓度增加呈递增趋势,细胞MMP相对水平随染毒浓度增加而降低,且胞内ROS和MMP两者间存在显著相关关系(R2=0. 878)。提示PM_(2.5)降尘处理A549细胞后可通过刺激ROS的产生,诱导细胞MMP下降,造成细胞线粒体氧化损伤。     

Seasonal variability of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in a wetland system of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau,southwest China: a quantitative assessment of groundwater inflow fluxes

The Caohai Wetland serves as an important ecosystem on the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau and as a nationally important nature reserve for migratory birds in China. In this study, surface water, groundwater and wetland water were collected for the measurement of environmental isotopes to reveal the seasonal variability of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes (δ¹⁸O, δD), sources of water, and groundwater inflow fluxes. Results showed that surface water and groundwater are of meteoric origin. The isotopes in samples of wetland water were well mixed vertically in seasons of both high-flow (September) and low-flow (April); however, marked seasonal and spatial variations were observed. During the high-flow season, the isotopic composition in surface wetland water varied from ?97.13 to ?41.73‰ for δD and from ?13.17 to ?4.70‰ for δ¹⁸O. The composition of stable isotopes in the eastern region of this wetland was lower than in the western region. These may have been influenced by uneven evaporation caused by the distribution of aquatic vegetation. During the low-flow season, δD and δ¹⁸O in the more open water with dead aquatic vegetation ranged from ?37.11 to ?11.77‰, and from ?4.25 to ?0.08‰, respectively. This may result from high evaporation rates in this season with the lowest atmospheric humidity. Groundwater fluxes were calculated by mass transfer and isotope mass balance approaches, suggesting that the water sources of the Caohai Wetland were mainly from groundwater in the high-flow season, while the groundwater has a smaller contribution to wetland water during the low-flow season.     

Mechanical behavior and micro-structure of cement kiln dust-stabilized expensive soil

In this study, the effects of cement kiln dust (CKD) on the swelling properties, strength properties, and microstructures of CKD-stabilized expansive soil were investigated. Samples were prepared and stabilized with different CKD content ratios, ranging from 0 to 18% by dry mass. The results obtained show that the maximum swelling pressures decrease exponentially with increases in CKD content. Both the cohesion and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) increase at ratios below 10% CKD and then decrease slightly, above that ratio. CKD can also improve the strength of saturated, expansive soil. There is no visible change of UCS for soil without CKD when cured, while the UCS of a sample with 10% CKD content after curing for 90 days is higher than that after curing for only 1 day. This indicates that CKD can improve the long-term strength of expansive soil. Finally, microstructure analysis reveals that the addition of CKD reduces the montmorillonite content of expansive soil and decreases its swelling properties. The addition of CKD also changes the pore volume distribution, both the size and amount of macro-pores and micro-pores decrease with increase in CKD content. For saturated samples, the size of macro-pores is obviously reduced, while that of micro-pores is slightly increased for both treated and untreated soils. Hydration and saturation processes make the soil structure become dispersive which results in a lower strength, and adding CKD can restrain this process. The suggested optimal CKD content is between 10 and 14% and with a curing time of more than 27 days.     

湘西-黔东下寒武统清虚洞组藻灰岩沉积特征及其找矿意义

铅锌矿是湘西-黔东地区的优势矿种,资源丰富,开发历史悠久,找矿潜力巨大。综合分析前人有关湘西-黔东生物礁的资料,介绍了藻灰岩的沉积特征,并结合大量实际地质资料,对藻灰岩控矿进行了论述。结果表明: 成矿物质主要来源于藻类及碳酸盐泥对Pb²⁺、Zn²⁺离子的吸取,矿床成因属于沉积成岩矿床类型,兼有成岩期后矿床性质; 藻礁灰岩与不同岩性的接合部位及其附近等微地球化学障区,往往就是铅锌富矿体产出部位; 藻礁灰岩与礁间通道的薄层泥质白云质灰岩呈指状交叉接触处,也常有铅锌富矿体产出; 铅锌富矿体基本上产于清虚洞组灰岩段中,且明显受该段藻礁灰岩控制。为满足国内外对铅锌矿日益增长的消费需要,深入研究区内铅锌矿的地层岩相岩石控矿因素及其富集规律,指导该地区藻灰岩中铅锌矿找矿工作,具有重要的现实意义。     

粤东鸿沟山金矿区流纹斑岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年、Lu-Hf同位素组成及其地质意义

鸿沟山矿区位于华南粤东莲花山钨矿床的中部,是近年来通过地质矿产调查新发现具有找寻金矿潜力的矿床之一。本文以与鸿沟山金等多金属矿化关系密切的流纹斑岩为研究对象,开展了锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年、流纹斑岩和矿石岩石地球化学、锆石Lu-Hf同位素组成特征研究。获得流纹斑岩锆石206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为169.1±1.5Ma,说明岩体形成于中侏罗世。在微量元素特征方面,流纹斑岩都表现为相对亏损大离子亲石元素Ba、Sr和高强场元素Nb、P、Zr、Hf,富集大离子亲石元素Rb,高强场元素U、Ce、Sm和轻稀土元素La、Nd,流纹斑岩与矿石稀土元素特征基本相似,Eu具中等负异常,但随着矿化强度的增强稀土元素更加富集。流纹斑岩εHf(t)(-15.0~2.2)分布范围宽,二阶段模式年龄TDM2主要变化范围为0.82~0.93 Ga,表明成岩物质主要来源于新元古代古老地壳变质泥岩和变质砂岩部分熔融,并有幔源物质的加入。因此,围绕着该时间段的流纹斑岩岩体,对于找寻W、Cu、Pb、Zn、Bi、Au、稀土、稀有和稀散元素矿产具有重要意义。     

鄂尔多斯盆地西峰和姬塬油田长81段低渗透储层迥异性

利用岩芯、薄片、测井等资料,从储层特征及孔隙演化角度对比分析了西峰和姬塬油田长8₁低渗透储层的迥异性。分析结果表明,两地区长8₁储层的共性为:1）储层砂体为浅水三角洲前缘的多期叠加的水下分流河道厚层砂体,且在空间上具有良好的连续性;2）砂体为岩屑长石砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩,属于细砂岩和极细砂岩,分选以较好为主;3）储层孔隙类型以粒间孔和溶蚀孔为主,原始孔隙度约38%,压实作用、胶结作用孔隙损失率约35%,最终储层孔隙度约7%。两地区长8₁储层存在以下差异:1）姬塬地区长8₁水下分流河道砂体叠加期次不明显,为"连续退积式"沉积模式,而西峰地区具有明显的垂向加积特征,为"顶牛"沉积模式;2）粒间孔、岩屑溶孔、晶间孔姬塬地区低于西峰地区,而溶蚀孔姬塬地区高于西峰地区;3）储层后期成岩演化过程中,姬塬和西峰地区长8₁砂体平均胶结孔隙度损失率为13.87%和11.99%,姬塬地区胶结孔隙度损失程度高于西峰地区,而溶蚀增孔率分别为3.71%和2.79%,姬塬地区溶蚀增孔率高于西峰地区。     

2000-2014年西藏雅鲁藏布江流域积雪时空变化分析及对气候的响应研究

利用2000-2014年MODIS逐日无云积雪产品对雅鲁藏布江流域积雪特征的空间分布及变化、积雪随高程变化的规律进行了分析,并采用被动微波数据SMMR （1979-1987年）和SSM/I （1988-2008年）以及中国地面降水和气温0.5°×0.5°日值格点数据集,研究了雅鲁藏布江流域关键积雪参数对气候要素的响应等。结果表明：流域下游积雪日较大且变化剧烈;流域整体上呈显著减少的趋势;积雪日随高程的上升而增加;流域内降水呈不显著的增加趋势,而气温呈显著的增加趋势,最高气温对积雪变化影响最大;气温对积雪终日的影响明显高于积雪初日;在积雪消融期降水的增多促进了积雪的消融。