南海及周边部分地区特提斯构造遗迹:问题与思考

对全球二叠纪－三叠纪古气候特征的研究表明，东特提斯地区晚三叠世古气候标志具有带状分布的特征。北巴拉望地块卡拉棉群岛科龙岛的晚三叠世沉积中发育反映较干燥古气候特征的鲕状灰岩，因此在古气候特征方面，北巴拉望地块晚三叠世地层不能与华南和印支地块同期地层对比，而应该与印度地块北缘喜马拉雅地区（向西）和琉球群岛（向东）对比。根据该古气候分析，北巴拉望地块在晚三叠世时应该位于南部亚热带较干燥气候带内，其晚三叠世的古地理位置比印支地块更靠南。对南海及南海周边部分地特提斯构造遗迹的研究，将有助于深入了解南海北部陆缘区相关构造带的性质及正确恢复南海扩张之前该区的地质发展历史。南海北部陆缘区也是研究解决特提斯构造向东延伸问题以及特提斯构造－太平洋构造时空转化问题的关键地区。     

现代黄河三角洲土地利用变化分析

人类对海岸带的开发利用影响着海岸的变迁。土地利用和土地覆被变化可以说是自然与人文过程交叉最为密切的问题，是人地关系的具体体现。通过对黄河三角洲土地利用变化的研究，可了解人为因素对三角洲海岸带的开发利用状况及其对海岸侵蚀的影响。根据1987年和2001年两期卫星遥感图像和2001年野外调查数据，运用地理信息系统方法及数理统计方法，分析了现代黄河三角洲地区1987年至2001年土地利用／覆被的数量变化和空间变化特征；揭示了该地区各类土地利用数量变化的幅度、速度和土地利用空间变化的主要类型；阐明了该区各类土地利用变化的区域特点。该地区土地利用变化速度比整个环渤海地区速度快，草地、滩地和不明地类这3种类型大量减少，其他类型增多。从变化率来看，养殖区、库塘、油田用地增长最快。库塘、海滩养殖区等类型的增加，滨海草地的减少，使海岸侵蚀加剧。     

Modelling the relationship between sexual reproduction and rhizome growth in Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile

The relationship between flowering and growth performance of Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile in meadows distributed along the south‐eastern coast of Sicily (Italy) was investigated by means of a statistical model (generalized linear mixed model) combined with the lepidochronological analysis. Over a 28‐year period, 67 floral stalk remains were observed. The highest flowering index was recorded in lepidochronological year 1998 (10.1%) and the Inflorescence Frequency per age showed a clear decrease corresponding to 15‐year‐old shoots. The sexual reproductive event had positive effects on rhizome elongation (cm year^?1) and leaf production (no. leaves year^?1) in the same flowering year, whilst no effect on the rhizome production (mg year^?1) was observed. Rhizome growth variables showed significant negative lagged responses in the two years following flowering. On the whole, we calculated that the effect exerted by flowering, in terms of loss on rhizome elongation and production, was about 27% and 38%, respectively. Although it has been demonstrated that recovery from the stress induced by sexual reproduction is limited to the two years after flowering, the magnitude of the reproductive cost may become quite considerable especially in comparison with the whole lifespan of individual shoots.     

Depth- and current-induced effects on wave propagation into the Altamaha River Estuary, Georgia

A study of sea surface wave propagation and its energy deformation was carried out using field observations and numerical experiments over a region spanning the midshelf of the South Atlantic Bight (SAB) to the Altamaha River Estuary, GA. Wave heights on the shelf region correlate with the wind observations and directional observations show that most of the wave energy is incident from the easterly direction. Comparing midshelf and inner shelf wave heights during a time when there was no wind and hence no wave development led to an estimation of wave energy dissipation due to bottom friction with corresponding wave dissipation factor of 0.07 for the gently sloping continental shelf of the SAB. After interacting with the shoaling region of the Altamaha River, the wave energy within the estuary becomes periodic in time showing wave energy during flood to high water phase of the tide and very little wave energy during ebb to low water. This periodic modulation inside the estuary is a direct result of enhanced depth and current-induced wave breaking that occurs at the ebb shoaling region surrounding the Altamaha River mouth at longitude 81.23°W. Modelling results with STWAVE showed that depth-induced wave breaking is more important during the low water phase of the tide than current-induced wave breaking during the ebb phase of the tide. During the flood to high water phase of the tide, wave energy propagates into the estuary. Measurements of the significant wave height within the estuary showed a maximum wave height difference of 0.4 m between the slack high water (SHW) and slack low water (SLW). In this shallow environment these wave–current interactions lead to an apparent bottom roughness that is increased from typical hydraulic roughness values, leading to an enhanced bottom friction coefficient.     

南海北部含油气构造上方化探异常研究

在南海北部利用地球化学方法作为油气勘探的一种辅助手段。在6个航次中采集了沉积物、底层海水及海面大气样品，测定了近50种化探指标，并采用稳健统计方法进行了数据处理和异常圈定。化探结果在油气藏上方发现了清晰的、具不同指标组合的综合化探异常，与邻近空构造形成鲜明的对照。圈闭顶部的块状异常和圈闭周绿的环状、半环状异常是下伏油气藏的良好指示，而剖面上呈锯齿状、平面上呈线状的异常则与断裂带有关。实践表明，建立已知油气藏上方的化探异常模式及解剖已知空构造上方的地球化学特征对于指导本区或邻区的化探异常评价是十分必要的。     

基于二次散射的水污染遥感模型及其在珠江口水域的应用

根据水中悬浮物、污染物和水分子等的散射和吸收物理机制建模是实现水污染定量遥感的有效途径.基于一次散射的水污染遥感模型简单易行,但在浑浊度较大时其精度不高.在基于一次散射模型的基础上分析了多次散射的能量组成特点,提出再考虑二次散射可使模型的精度显著提高且不至于使模型过于复杂;导出了二次散射的补偿因子,同时给出了考虑二次散射因子的简单计算方法.将该模型应用于珠江口水域的水污染遥感的结果表明,较之基于一次散射的模型,考虑二次散射的水污染遥感模型在精度上有明显改进.遥感提取结果显示,珠江口水域重污染区主要分布在伶仃洋东北部,香港维多利亚港和深圳湾.     

The humin structure of mucilage aggregates in the Adriatic and Tyrrhenian seas: hypothesis about the reasonable causes of mucilage formation

Sixteen mucilages sampled in the Adriatic and Tyrrhenian seas during 1999–2001 were characterised using spectroscopic [Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR); colorimetric], chromatographic [thin-layer chromatography (TLC)], and elemental analysis techniques. Most samples contained comparable fractions of organic and inorganic compounds, with the exception of a few samples where the inorganic fraction was greater than the organic fraction. Carbohydrates were important in the samples rich in organic matter, while carbonate and silica (quartz and biogenic silica) were the most important constituents of the inorganic fraction. Carbonate and silica were the only important constituents of the samples with a very low organic content.According to chemical analyses, mucilage aggregates show the typical structure of humin—the insoluble fraction of the humic substance. Classification of mucilage samples as humin-like compounds, together with a reexamination of the factors involved in the formation of organic aggregates in marine environment, has led to the formulation of a reasonable hypothesis for mucilage formation.     

广西地区文蛤的遗传多样性研究

以随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）研究广西的山口、北海、犀牛角、东兴的文蛤种群的遗传多样性。结果表明，在筛选的60个引物中，23个呈阳性反应，其中10个引物可产生105条稳定、清晰的带。山口、北海、犀牛角、东兴的文蛤种群的遗传多样性指数分别为0.1995,0.2039，0.1773,0.1936；多态位点比例分别为86.32%，90.63%,81.05%,88.00%,4个种群间的遗传距离在0.050～0.070之间，相邻种群的遗传差距较小。除犀牛角种群以外，其它3个种群的遗传变异水平较高。     

Heavy metals in marine sediments of Taranto Gulf (Ionian Sea, Southern Italy)

Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Ti and Zn concentrations have been determined in surface sediment samples collected in the Taranto Gulf (Ionian Sea, Southern Italy) in order to evaluate their levels and spatial distribution in this important area of the Mediterranean Sea. For various metals, the geoaccumulation index has been calculated as a criterion to assess if their concentrations represent contamination levels or can be considered as background levels. The results show that metals concentrations in sediments can be considered near the background levels found in the Mediterranean Sea.Analytical results have been elaborated by using a Geographical Information System (GIS) software to show metals accumulation areas. Using multivariate statistical analysis, we evaluate the possibility to distinguish the sampling stations, in relation to their geographical position. Results have showed metals distribution in the Taranto Gulf is principally influenced by industrial and urban wastes, located mostly in the northern coastal area of the Ionian Sea. Rivers in the Basilicata region and prevailing anticlockwise marine currents are further factors influencing metal accumulation in sediments.     

酶解鲐鱼蛋白制备低分子肽制品

介绍了以鲐鱼为原料 ,采用双酶水解技术 ,制备高质量的低分子肽粉末制品的最佳工艺。对鲐鱼水解液 4种脱苦脱腥的方法进行了比较 ,认为活性碳脱除法既可脱腥 ,又可脱苦、脱色 ,是鲐鱼水解液脱苦脱腥较好的方法。经正交试验得其最佳组合 :每升水解液中活性碳的用量为 1 0 g;时间为 40 min;温度为 40℃。制品为一种淡黄色粉末 ,含有较多的二肽、三肽等低分子肽 ,氨基酸种类齐全 ,富含人体所需矿物质元素的高质量的食品原料。