Lithospheric structure of the Tornquist Zone resolved by nonlinear P and S teleseismic tomography along the TOR array

The main aim of the TOR project is to study the lithospheric–asthenospheric boundary structure under the Sorgenfrei–Tornquist Zone, across northern Germany, Denmark and southern Sweden. Relative arrival-time residuals of teleseismic P and S phases from 51 earthquakes, recorded by 150 seismic stations along the TOR array, were used to delineate the transition zone in the studied area. The effects of crustal structures were investigated by correcting the teleseismic residuals for travel-time variations in the crust based on a 3D crustal model derived from other data. The inversion was carried out for S phases. The results were then compared with the corresponding P-wave models. As expected, the derived models show that the relatively old and cold Baltic Shield has higher velocity at depth than the younger lithosphere farther South. The models show two sharp and distinct increases in depth to velocities which are low compared to our reference model, as we move from South to North. The location and sharpness of these boundaries suggests that the features resolved are, at least partially, compositional in origin, presumably related to mantle depletion. A sharp and steep subcrustal boundary is found roughly coincident with the southern edge of Sweden. This is below where the edge of the Baltic Shield is usually placed, based on surface geological evidence (the Sorgenfrei–Tornquist Zone). Another less significant transition is recognised more or less beneath the Elbe-lineament. Relatively high d(V_p / V_s) ratios under the central part of the profile (Denmark) indicate relatively low S-velocity in an area where a gravity high supports the hypothesis of extensive mafic intrusions.     

"磁暴基础数据库"项目成果介绍

本文详细介绍了“磁暴基础数据库”项目的立项背景、目标、所开展的主要工作、取得的成果、研究成果的社会效益和对该领域研究未来工作的展望。     

被动源电磁阵列系统及其在某铜矿区的应用试验

本文介绍被动源电磁阵列系统的特点及该系统在某铜矿区的应用试验工作。与已知资料对比,试验结果给出了地下矿体的空间赋存形态,为矿区下一步工作提供了有意义的参考资料。     

Search for Young Giant Planets with the Subaru 8-Meter Telescope: Instrument and Strategy

Earth, Moon, and Planets -     

MASS MOVEMENTS AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT AS A NATURAL HAZARD

I.INTRODUCTIONFormillionsofyearswindandwaterhaveshapedtheearth,mountainshavebeenliftedanderodedaway,waterhasevaporatedfromtheoceansandfallenbackonland,rivershaveformedandcarriedwaterandsedanmentfromthemoufltainstotheseas.Someoftherivers--suchastheColoradoRiverintheGrandCanyonregionofNorthAJnerica-foundstablecoursesastheycarvedthemselvesintotheground,others--suchastheYellowhiverinChina-havechangedtheircoursesfrequentlyallthewayintorecenthistory.Itwasonlyafewthousandyearsagothatmanstarte…     

中国空间物理学学科发展战略研究报告

从战略高度论述了空间物理学在认识人类生存环境、航天活动、经济发展中的重要地位和战略意义；以科学的态度分析了空间物理的发展史、现状和趋势；根据学科发展与我国国情相结合的原则提出了长期、中期和近期空间物理学的战略目标、战略重点和鼓励研究的课题以及实现战略目标的基本措施。     

UNIX操作系统与Internet网络

根据作者的工作实践，本文提出了ＵＮＩＸ操作系统在互联网络中的作用和对Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ网络发展的重要技术及其应用进行了介绍。     

提高地震定位精度新方法的研究

根据现有台网的分布密度、仪器配置的状况和目前震相判读精度提出了一些新的措施来提高地震定位的效率和精度。主要思想有采用“全局搜索和单纯形综和求解法”求解方程的极值，计算中考虑地球曲率，并做椭球校正。采用“翻台法”来改善目标函数、实现“目标函数拉伸”的思想、控制解域和自行调整发震时刻提高求解的稳定性和精度。采用“模拟退火法”的物理性质来控制试错解的跨越长度，提高求解效率和解的分辨精度。采用区域走时表加台站校正值的思想来减小速度模型的复杂性。采用ＰＴＤ方法和ｓＰｎ－Ｐｎ方法来求震源深度。在地震定位过程中显示地图经纬度，同步演示定位过程及结果。同时还在屏幕上显示传统的交切结果以帮助分析人员判定定位结果的可靠性。区域走时表采用地壳曲面模型，允许模型带有低速层，各层具有梯度，且不限层数，自动使用台站校正值并给出定位误差。根据上述思想和不同的需要分别编制了地方、区域台网定位程序，全国、全球地震定位程序，极远震定位程序用于速报和专门用于研究的地震定位程序。这些程序还带有求震源深度和震级的功能。对于专门进行地震定位研究的工作，还提供了绘制地震定位误差二维等值线图和三维误差分布图的功能。     

藏北羌塘地区地层新资料

新的牙形石化石资料证实在羌塘北部地区有泥盆纪查桑组地层，它是该盆地保存的最古老海相沉积地层，羌塘地区中西部广大地区上侏罗统索瓦组顶部产有丰富的以Virgatosphinctes和Aulacosphinctes两属为主的菊石化石，可初步建立5个菊石组合，其中Berriasella和Blanfordiceras菊石的出现使最高海相层位上延至提塘阶顶部或贝利阿斯阶，而圆笠虫(Orbitolina)、似异卷虫（Heterohelix）出现可能反映有海相白垩纪地层的存在，在晚三叠世肖茶卡组中发现有Epigondolella牙形石动物群，这是我国晚三叠世最高位牙形石带又一产地，首次在双湖比隆组油页岩剖面顶部发现产Harploceras sp.菊石化石的层位，时代属早上托阿尔斯（Toarcian）。解决了这一特殊沉积地层单位长期争论的时代归属问题，并指出它与早侏罗世海侵高峰期全球缺氧事件有关。     

Crustal structure across the TESZ along POLONAISE''97 seismic profile P2 in NW Poland

The POLONAISE'97 (POlish Lithospheric ONset—An International Seismic Experiment, 1997) seismic experiment in Poland targeted the deep structure of the Trans-European Suture Zone (TESZ) and the complex series of upper crustal features around the Polish Basin. One of the seismic profiles was the 300-km-long profile P2 in northwestern Poland across the TESZ. Results of 2D modelling show that the crustal thickness varies considerably along the profile: 29 km below the Palaeozoic Platform; 35–47 km at the crustal keel at the Teisseyre–Tornquist Zone (TTZ), slightly displaced to the northeast of the geologic inversion zone; and 42 km below the Precambrian Craton. In the Polish Basin and further to the south, the depth down to the consolidated basement is 6–14 km, as characterised by a velocity of 5.8–5.9 km/s. The low basement velocities, less than 6.0 km/s, extend to a depth of 16–22 km. In the middle crust, with a thickness of ca. 4–14 km, the velocity changes from 6.2 km/s in the southwestern to 6.8 km/s in the northeastern parts of the profile. The lower crust also differs between the southwestern and northeastern parts of the profile: from 8 km thickness, with a velocity of 6.8–7.0 km/s at a depth of 22 km, to ca.12 km thickness with a velocity of 7.0–7.2 km/s at a depth of 30 km. In the lowermost crust, a body with a velocity of 7.20–7.25 km/s was found above Moho at a depth of 33–45 km in the central part of the profile. Sub-Moho velocities are 8.2–8.3 km/s beneath the Palaeozoic Platform and TTZ, and about 8.1 km/s beneath the Precambrian Platform. Seismic reflectors in the upper mantle were interpreted at 45-km depth beneath the Palaeozoic Platform and 55-km depth beneath the TTZ.

The Polish Basin is an up to 14-km-thick asymmetric graben feature. The basement beneath the Palaeozoic Platform in the southwest is similar to other areas that were subject to Caledonian deformation (Avalonia) such that the Variscan basement has only been imaged at a shallow depth along the profile. At northeastern end of the profile, the velocity structure is comparable to the crustal structure found in other portions of the East European Craton (EEC). The crustal keel may be related to the geologic inversion processes or to magmatic underplating during the Carboniferous–Permian extension and volcanic activity.