Elastic properties of seafloor sediments from the modelling of amplitudes of multiple water waves recorded on the seafloor off Bear Island,North Atlantic

Wide‐angle seismic data acquired by use of air‐guns and ocean bottom seismometers (OBS) contain strong direct water arrivals and multiples, generally considered as noise and thus not included in the modelling. However, a recent study showed that standard ray‐tracing modelling of the water multiples recorded off the Bear Island, North Atlantic, provided a reliable estimate of the velocity distribution in the water layer. Here, we demonstrate that including the amplitudes in the modelling provide valuable information about the V_P contrast at the seafloor, as well as the V_P/V_S ratio and attenuation (Q_P) of the uppermost sediments. The V_P contrast at the seafloor is estimated at about 250 m/s, within a precision of approximately ±30 m/s. The V_P/V_S ratio in the uppermost sedimentary layer is modelled in the range 2.25–2.50 and the Q_P factor is estimated at 1000 for the water, 30–50 for the uppermost layer and 40–50 for the second sedimentary layer. The values obtained for the sediments suggest a lithology dominated by silty clays, with porosity below average.     

多尺度综合地球物理探测:揭示成矿系统、助力深部找矿——长江中下游深部探测(SinoProbe-03)进展

两个原因使我们必须开展深部探测.一是寻找深部资源,二是更好地理解形成和控制陆内成矿的深部动力学过程,预测新的矿集区.在深部探测专项、国家自然科学基金和地质调查项目资助下,作者在长江中下游成矿带及邻区开展了系统的多尺度、综合地球物理探测.包括:成矿带尺度的宽频地震探测及"廊带式"综合探测,矿集区尺度的骨干剖面探测和三维建模,矿田尺度的三维探测与反演模拟.探测结果在三个层次取得了一系列新认识和新发现,完善了相关探测方法技术.主要包括:揭示了成矿带岩石圈结构、深部过程及对成岩、成矿的控制,提出了成矿带形成的动力学模型,诠释了在狭窄的成矿带内形成大规模金属堆积的深部因素;揭示了典型矿集区地壳三维结构、组成和断裂分布,建立了矿集区三维结构模型和区域成矿模式,推断了主要控矿岩体、地层的空间展布,预测了新的找矿靶区;开展了"玢岩型"、斑岩型和热液型多金属矿床综合地球物理探测试验,总结了勘查模式,预测了深边部找矿靶区;提出了硬岩区反射地震数据采集设计、激发到接收的有效措施,探索了地震弱信号提取、噪声压制、静校正和偏移等处理新技术、新方法;提出了强电磁干扰区电磁去噪的数字形态滤波等技术,完善了二/三维带地形和考虑各向异性情况的电磁正反演技术.     

The Vertical Deformation and Horizontal Displacement Fields,Movement, and Seismicity of the Island Arc Tectonics

In this work,the vertical deformation,horizontal displacement,and stress fields of arcuate tectonics are theoretically derived from the horizontal tectonic stress; then the characteristics of tectonic movement,seismicity,and focal mechanism of arcuate tectonics of the entire world are explained.It is pointed out that the island arc and other arcuate tectonics are gradually developed under the displacement and stress fields of the arcuate tectonics and that the under-thrusting action of the ocean plate is secondary.The distance formulas between the volcanic arc and the trench are suggested and also that theoretical results are consistent with actual data.     

西藏最新非碳酸盐海相沉积及其对新特提斯关闭的意义

西藏南部珠穆朗玛峰北部的定日遮普惹山地区存在一套与过去斩最新海相沉积不同的新地层－朋曲组。它与下伏遮普惹组呈整合接触，与上覆第四系呈不整合，识别的钙质微化石带NP15、NP16和NP20将本区的最高海相层位提高到了始新世普里亚本末期（31Ma），较之过去的认识推了迟16－19Ma，朋曲线为一套非碳酸盐沉积厚约180m，分为下部黄绿色页岩含砂岩和上部紫红色砂页岩两部分，系入海三角洲相。该套最新非碳酸盐海相沉积对东段新特提斯的关闭时间和方式具有重要参考价值，并概括为：（1）始新世鲁帝特期初期（巴基斯坦北部和印度西北部）→（2）普里亚本末期（西藏南部的仲巴－定日）（－岗巴））→（3）渐新世末期（塔里木海湾＋印度－缅甸山岭地区－安达曼岛弧）→（4）中新世早期的末期（巴基斯坦Katawaz残留盆地）。     

Crustal seismic profiles in the Alboran Sea — Preliminary results

In September 1974, deep seismic sounding experiments were performed in the Alboran Sea. The crustal seismic profiles were carried out with shotpoints at sea along approximately the 36°N parallel and along 3°W and 5°W meridians with stations on land in Morocco and Spain following these three directions. The first interpretation of the data indicates a thinned continental crust with a Moho depth of 16 km on top of a slightly anomalous upper mantle (7.5<V _p<7.9 km/s) beneath the center of the Alboran Sea. Towards Spain the transition to the continental margin is characterized by a very rapid thickening of the crust. Towards Morocco a rather abrupt thickening is observed only for the Rif region, while in the eastern part (north-south profile along 3°W) the dip of the Moho is very slight.     

台风移动的分型统计预报方法

一、前言 近年来,用逐步回归的统计预报方法作台风路径的短期预报,已成为许多气象台预报业务中常用的工具之一,这个方法结合了预报员们的实践经验,经两年的使用结果证明是有一定参考价值的。目前的改进主要采取以下几个途径:(1)提高预报因子的质量,着重在各个因子的天气意义方面和台风移动之间相关性的提高。(2)对统计样本先作天气     

西南低涡的初步研究

本文通过对一些个例的研究,分析了西南低涡的维持和发展条件,发现低涡的维持和发展主要靠中高层的辐散量要大于低层的辐合量,同时中高层凝结潜热的释放也起着相当重要的作用。分析指出,在低涡上空,对流层上层有两支气流,(上升气流和下沉气流),在对流层中下层也有两支气流,共同构成低涡的三维流场。其中对流层中下层的两支气流对天气变化有重要影响。西南低涡的东部和南部是主要的降水区,而降水的强弱和低涡东侧的上升气流强弱及大气层结、水汽辐合量有关。     

初始方程数值模式的一个计算格式及其预报的个例实验

本文对σ坐标的初始方程数值预报模式提出了一个比较简洁、稳定而灵活的计算格式,便于引进地形和加热等物理作用。 文中给出了这一格式的特点,并概述了半球模式的侧边条件的影响情况。从预报个例实验结果看,格式基本上是稳定的,而短期预报的效果也较好。