全国喀斯特石林地质地貌研究成果报告会在长沙召开

2008年11月22-23日,全国喀斯石林地质地貌研究成果报告会在湖南长沙召开.会议由中国地质科学院地质公园研究中心和湖南省国土资源厅联合主办,湖南省国土资源厅地质环境处、湖南省地质环境监测总站共同承办.     

Differential developmental toxicity of naphthoic acid isomers in medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread persistent pollutants that readily undergo biotic and abiotic conversion to numerous transformation products in rivers, lakes and estuarine sediments. Here we characterize the developmental toxicity of four PAH transformation products each structural isomers of hydroxynaphthoic acid: 1H2NA, 2H1NA, 2H3NA, and 6H2NA. Medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) embryos and eleutheroembryos were used to determine toxicity. A 96-well micro-plate format was used to establish a robust, statistically significant platform for assessment of early life stages. Individual naphthoic acid isomers demonstrated a rank order of toxicity with 1H2NA>2H1NA>2H3NA>6H2NA being more toxic. Abnormalities of circulatory system were most pronounced including pericardial edema and tube heart. To determine if HNA isomers were AhR ligands, spatial-temporal expression and activity of CYP1A was measured via in vivo EROD assessments. qPCR measurement of CYP1A induction proved different between isomers dosed at respective concentrations affecting 50% of exposed individuals (EC50s). In vitro, all ANH isomers transactivated mouse AhR using a medaka CYP1A promoter specific reporter assay. Circulatory abnormalities followed P450 induction and response was consistent with PAH toxicity. A 96-well micro-plates proved suitable as exposure chambers and provided statistically sound evaluations as well as efficient toxicity screens. Our results demonstrate the use of medaka embryos for toxicity analysis thereby achieving REACH objectives for the reduction of adult animal testing in toxicity evaluations.     

东海产长木叶鲽的年龄与生长

研究了东海产长木叶鲽的年龄与生长等生物学特性。样品取自１９９６ 年４ 月～１９９８ 年１１月,日本以西底拖网渔业在长崎鱼市场上岸的渔获物共２ ５８４ 尾。采用耳石进行年龄鉴定。体长与耳石径的关系,雌雄间有显著性差异。耳石上轮纹每年１～３ 月份形成一次。周龄的推定体长,５＋ 龄以上,雌性偏大     

2000年中国地质学会部分学术活动

序号会议名称会议内容人数时间天数地点承办单位及合办单位主办单位12 0 0 0勘探地球物理与国土资源大调查学术讨论会研讨勘探地球物理在国土资源大调查中之区域地质调查、矿产资源调查及水工环勘查等三大领域中的任务目标 ,存在问题与对策思路等15 0下半年 4- 5待定 中国地球物理学会物探委员会 地球物理勘探专委会2 地质灾害防治学术研讨会学术交流 ;换届 ,选举新一届理事会成员 10 0 9月 3待定地质灾害研究会地质灾害研究会3全国第 15届旅游地学年全暨镇江市旅游风景名胜资源开发战略研讨会总结与探讨旅游地学理论体系 :展望 2 1世纪旅游…     

气侯变化对东部季风区赣江和官厅流域径流的影响

选取中国东部季风区南方赣江流域和北方官厅流域,基于逐日气象和水文观测数据率定和验证了HBV水文模型,并以国际耦合模式比较计划第五阶段（CMIP5）中输出要素最多的5个全球气候模式在3种典型浓度路径（RCP2.6、RCP4.5和RCP8.5）下的预估结果驱动HBV模型,预估了气候变化对21世纪两个流域径流的影响。结果表明：(1) 1961—2017年,赣江和官厅流域年平均气温均呈显著上升趋势,升温速率分别为0.17℃/(10 a)和0.28℃/(10 a);同期,赣江流域降水显著增加,官厅流域降水微弱下降。不同RCP情景下,21世纪两个流域均将持续变暖、降水有所增加,北方官厅流域的气温和降水增幅均大于南方赣江流域。(2) 21世纪,官厅流域年、季径流增幅远大于赣江流域。官厅流域年径流在近期（2020—2039年）、中期（2050—2069年）、末期（2080—2099年）均呈增加趋势,RCP8.5情景下增幅最大、RCP4.5最小。赣江流域在RCP4.5下,近期、中期年径流相对基准期略有减少,但在整个21世纪径流呈上升趋势;RCP2.6和RCP8.5下,21世纪中期以后径流增幅下降。(3) 21世纪,东部季风区北部的官厅流域发生洪涝、南方赣江流域发生干旱的可能性增大,不同RCP情景预估得到相同的结论。     

Dissolution kinetics of a lunar glass simulant at 25 degrees C: the effect of pH and organic acids

The dissolution kinetics of a simulated lunar glass were examined at pH 3, 5, and 7. Additionally, the pH 7 experiments were conducted in the presence of citric and oxalic acid at concentrations of 2 and 20 mM. The organic acids were buffered at pH 7 to examine the effect of each molecule in their dissociated form. At pH 3, 5, and 7, the dissolution of the synthetic lunar glass was observed to proceed via a two-stage process. The first stage involved the parabolic release of Ca, Mg, Al, and Fe, and the linear release of Si. Dissolution was incongruent, creating a leached layer rich in Si and Ti which was verified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). During the second stage the release of Ca, Mg, Al, and Fe was linear. A coupled diffusion/surface dissolution model was proposed for dissolution of the simulated lunar glass at pH 3, 5, and 7. During the first stage the initial release of mobile cations (i.e., Ca, Mg, Al, Fe) was limited by diffusion through the surface leached layer of the glass (parabolic release), while Si release was controlled by the hydrolysis of the Si-O-Al bonds at the glass surface (linear release). As dissolution continued, the mobile cations diffused from greater depths within the glass surface. A steady-state was then reached where the diffusion rate across the increased path lengths equalled the Si release rate from the surface. In the presence of the organic acids, the dissolution of the synthetic lunar glass proceeded by a one stage process. The release of Ca, Mg, Al, and Fe followed a parabolic relationship, while the release of Si was linear. The relative reactivity of the organic acids used in the experiments was citrate > oxalate. A thinner leached layer rich in Si/Ti, as compared to the pH experiments, was observed using TEM. Rate data suggest that the chemisorption of the organic anion to the surface silanol groups was responsible for enhanced dissolution in the presence of the organic acids. It is proposed that the increased rate of Si release is responsible for the one stage parabolic release of mobile cations and the relatively thin leached layer compared to experiments at pH 3 and 5.     

长江上游流域1961-2000年气候及径流变化趋势

以长江上游流域及周边113个气象站1961-2000年的气象数据以及干流屏山、宜昌水文站的径流数据为基础,对40 a来的气温、降水、参照蒸散量和径流进行了趋势分析.长江上游流域大部分地区年平均温度呈现上升趋势,尤以1990年代的升温幅度最为显著,其中冬季的增温对年增温的贡献最大,增温区主要分布在长江源区及金沙江流域.长江上游流域年和冬季降水显著增加,年降水的增加主要由于夏季极端降水事件频率的增大,降水显著增加的区域主要分布在长江源区及金沙江流域.长江上游流域参照蒸散量呈显著的下降趋势,尤其是夏季参照蒸散量下降趋势最为显著,主要分布在川江流域.屏山站径流量表现为微弱增加趋势,而宜昌站径流量呈微弱下降趋势,这除了受人类活动的影响外,川江流域年降水量的下降是宜昌站径流量减少的主要原因.     

SPATIO-TEMPORAL VARIATION OF ACTUAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AND ITS RELATION WITH CLIMATE PARAMETERS IN THE PEARL RIVER BASIN, CHINA

Spatio-temporal variation of actual evapotranspiration (ETa) in the Pearl River basin from 1961 to 2010 are analyzed based on daily data from 60 national observed stations. ETa is calculated by the Advection-Aridity model (AA model) in the current study, and Mann–Kendall test (MK) and Inverse Distance Weighted interpolation method (IDW) were applied to detect the trends and spatial variation pattern. The relations of ETa with climate parameters and radiation / dynamic terms are analyzed by Person correlation method. Our findings are shown as follows: 1) Mean annual ETa in the Pearl River basin is about 665.6 mm/a. It has significantly decreased in 1961–2010 at a rate of -24.3 mm/10a. Seasonally, negative trends of summer and autumn ETa are higher than that of spring and winter. 2) The value of ETa is higher in the southeast coastal area than in the northwest region of the Pearl River basin, while the latter has shown the strongest negative trend. 3) Negative trends of ETa in the Pearl River basin are most probably due to decreasing radiation term and increasing dynamic term. The decrease of the radiation term is related with declining diurnal temperature range and sunshine duration, and rising atmospheric pressure as well. The contribution of dynamic term comes from increasing average temperature, maximum and minimum temperatures in the basin. Meanwhile, the decreasing average wind speed weakens dynamic term and finally, to a certain extent, it slows down the negative trend of the ETa.     

气候变化对人类健康影响的研究：IPCC AR6 WGⅡ的解读

IPCC第六次评估报告(AR6)第二工作组(WGⅡ)报告第七章《健康、福祉和不断变化的社区结构》评估了气候变化对健康和福祉的当前影响与未来风险,提出了应对气候变化的适应策略和适应限度。指出自AR5以来越来越多的证据表明,气候变化通过直接或间接方式对人类健康(包括精神健康)造成了负面影响,气候敏感性疾病、营养不良、过早死亡,以及对精神健康的威胁正在增加,气候相关的危害正日益影响越来越多的健康结局(包括传染性和非传染性疾病)和地区。在所有人类居住的地区,都观察到极端天气事件对健康造成的级联及复合风险,且风险还会随着全球变暖而进一步增大。扩大对卫生和其他系统的金融投资,加强跨部门和跨系统的整合与合作,创建气候恢复力发展路径,将适应和减缓纳入可持续发展目标,可以为健康和福祉带来巨大的协同效益,是降低人类健康风险的重要适应措施。