中国首例穆龙套型金矿——新疆萨瓦亚尔顿金矿地质特征

萨瓦亚尔顿金矿是我国发现的首例穆龙套型大型金矿床。该矿床分布于上志留统罗德洛阶的含白云质炭质碎屑岩、泥质岩复理石岩系中，为地层、构造等复合层控的石英细网脉浸染型大型低品位金矿床。该矿的地质背景、矿化特征、成矿作用与穆龙套金矿很相似     

从地质勘探大比例尺测图谈标准化

为探明各种矿藏资源的地质勘探工作，根据各种矿藏价值大小、分布规律和地质工作进展程度，需要测绘各种大比例尺地形图，多数比例尺为1：2000、1：5000，部分贵重矿种需要测绘1：1000的地形图，少数测绘1：500的地形图。地质工作是国家经济建设的前期工作，所完成的地质报告和图件，广泛为各个部门服务，大比例尺测图均按已制订的各种测绘标准作业。遵守规范，坚持标准，是地质测绘工作者传统的准则。坚持标准化后，至少起到以下作用：     

地质部门测绘工作之特点、现况和展望

地质部门的测绘工作(以下简称地质测绘工作)几乎贯穿于每项地质工作过程的始终。回顾新中国建国以来三十多年的地质测绘工作,其基本特点是; 1.区域性和连续性。地质测绘工作,都是在一定区域内展开,以国家平面大地控制网和国家高程控制网为基础,确定各个地质体相对的空间位置,形成区域图幅复盖,保证相邻图幅互相拼接,使得各项地质工作能够连续的、不断的进行下去。 2.系列化和标准化。综合不同的地质要求,测图可分为: 大比例尺图——以满足地质勘探和工程建设需要为主,精度高,碎部详,均为实测完     

Comparing tiltmeters for crustal deformation measurement--a preliminary report

A collection of high-precision tiltmeters is being operated at Pinon Flat Observatory, southern California, both to compare instruments and to measure tectonic deformation. We report on 1.2 years of data from four of these: two Michelson-Gale long fluid tiltmeters, one long center-pressure tiltmeter, and a shallow borehole tiltmeter. The three long-base instruments are all located on the same baseline, with a precise leveling line running between their end-monuments. At nontidal frequencies, only the two Michelson-Gale instruments show some coherence (gamma 2 = .3 for periods of 2 to 4 days), while the center-pressure instrument is correlated with air temperature at periods from a few days to a few weeks. The most stable tilt record shows a secular rate of 0.28 mu rad/a, which may be real. Over much longer times, leveling to specially stabilized bench-marks should confirm this. Comparing instruments has identified more and less successful measurement techniques; it appears that low-noise data will most probably be produced only by relatively complex and expensive instruments, though even for these, the operating costs over any reasonable lifetime will exceed the capital cost. Even the best existing sensors must be improved to measure continuous tectonic motions.     

灾害天气对山地高速公路建设管理的影响分析——以山西省为例

利用1971-2000年30a山西省107个地面观测站气象观测资料以及高速公路管理部门有关资料，分析了山西省高速公路沿线大雾、降雪（积雪）、结冰等恶劣天气的分布特征及其成因，讨论了其影响，提出了一些合理化建议。     

Differential developmental toxicity of naphthoic acid isomers in medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread persistent pollutants that readily undergo biotic and abiotic conversion to numerous transformation products in rivers, lakes and estuarine sediments. Here we characterize the developmental toxicity of four PAH transformation products each structural isomers of hydroxynaphthoic acid: 1H2NA, 2H1NA, 2H3NA, and 6H2NA. Medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) embryos and eleutheroembryos were used to determine toxicity. A 96-well micro-plate format was used to establish a robust, statistically significant platform for assessment of early life stages. Individual naphthoic acid isomers demonstrated a rank order of toxicity with 1H2NA>2H1NA>2H3NA>6H2NA being more toxic. Abnormalities of circulatory system were most pronounced including pericardial edema and tube heart. To determine if HNA isomers were AhR ligands, spatial-temporal expression and activity of CYP1A was measured via in vivo EROD assessments. qPCR measurement of CYP1A induction proved different between isomers dosed at respective concentrations affecting 50% of exposed individuals (EC50s). In vitro, all ANH isomers transactivated mouse AhR using a medaka CYP1A promoter specific reporter assay. Circulatory abnormalities followed P450 induction and response was consistent with PAH toxicity. A 96-well micro-plates proved suitable as exposure chambers and provided statistically sound evaluations as well as efficient toxicity screens. Our results demonstrate the use of medaka embryos for toxicity analysis thereby achieving REACH objectives for the reduction of adult animal testing in toxicity evaluations.     

黄土滑坡发育类型及其空间预测方法

现场调查了黄土地区的大量滑坡,按运动方式将其分成错落式滑坡、高速远程滑坡、低速缓动滑坡和滑坡泥流四种类型,并以4个典型滑坡为例,分析了各类滑坡的形成条件和运动学特征。提出了在各类运动方式下黄土滑坡的空间预测指标、影响因子和建模思想。为黄土地区的滑坡灾害空间预测提供了整体思路,为滑坡的预测理论建模提供了基础依据。     

Dissolution kinetics of a lunar glass simulant at 25 degrees C: the effect of pH and organic acids

The dissolution kinetics of a simulated lunar glass were examined at pH 3, 5, and 7. Additionally, the pH 7 experiments were conducted in the presence of citric and oxalic acid at concentrations of 2 and 20 mM. The organic acids were buffered at pH 7 to examine the effect of each molecule in their dissociated form. At pH 3, 5, and 7, the dissolution of the synthetic lunar glass was observed to proceed via a two-stage process. The first stage involved the parabolic release of Ca, Mg, Al, and Fe, and the linear release of Si. Dissolution was incongruent, creating a leached layer rich in Si and Ti which was verified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). During the second stage the release of Ca, Mg, Al, and Fe was linear. A coupled diffusion/surface dissolution model was proposed for dissolution of the simulated lunar glass at pH 3, 5, and 7. During the first stage the initial release of mobile cations (i.e., Ca, Mg, Al, Fe) was limited by diffusion through the surface leached layer of the glass (parabolic release), while Si release was controlled by the hydrolysis of the Si-O-Al bonds at the glass surface (linear release). As dissolution continued, the mobile cations diffused from greater depths within the glass surface. A steady-state was then reached where the diffusion rate across the increased path lengths equalled the Si release rate from the surface. In the presence of the organic acids, the dissolution of the synthetic lunar glass proceeded by a one stage process. The release of Ca, Mg, Al, and Fe followed a parabolic relationship, while the release of Si was linear. The relative reactivity of the organic acids used in the experiments was citrate > oxalate. A thinner leached layer rich in Si/Ti, as compared to the pH experiments, was observed using TEM. Rate data suggest that the chemisorption of the organic anion to the surface silanol groups was responsible for enhanced dissolution in the presence of the organic acids. It is proposed that the increased rate of Si release is responsible for the one stage parabolic release of mobile cations and the relatively thin leached layer compared to experiments at pH 3 and 5.     

塔中地区中晚奥陶世内波、内潮汐沉积

现代海底普遍发育由内波、内潮汐引起的深水牵引流,内波、内潮汐不仅可形成各种厘米级的深水牵引流沉积构造,还可建造千米级的大型沉积物波。这种大型沉积物波既可沿斜坡向下迁移,也可沿斜坡向上迁移。在古代地层记录中已发现各种厘米级的内波、内潮汐沉积单元,但尚未发现内波成因的大型沉积物波。塔中地区中上奥陶统碎屑岩段内发育内波及内潮汐形成的各种牵引流沉积构造单元。通过详细的岩心观察,识别出 4种内波、内潮汐沉积微相类型及 5种基本垂向沉积层序。此外,通过地震剖面分析,在研究区中上奥陶统陆坡相中识别出顺坡向上迁移的大型沉积物波,该沉积物波的特征与现代海底发育的沉积物波的特征类似,运用内波理论可对其成因进行合理的解释。