西安地裂缝两盘地层岩土物理力学性质研究

选择典型的地裂缝段进行钻探和取样,根据室内土工试验结果对西安地裂缝两盘地层的岩土物理力学性质进行了对比分析,发现地裂缝两盘的地层岩土物理力学性质存在着显著的差异:地表下6.0m、平面宽度10.0m范围内影响最为显著,表现为地裂缝南盘地层的含水率、压缩系数增高,抗剪强度指标明显降低,相应地,地基承载力也有所降低。     

塔中Ⅰ号坡折带上奥陶统成礁背景分析

自塔中Ⅰ号坡折带上奥陶统良里塔格组发现生物礁滩作为重要储集层后,有关礁的形态和规模一直存在较大的争议。本研究解析该地区礁的古生物组合、古生态结构和沉积环境,以此为基础系统论证生物礁的沉积序列。礁的建造方式可归属于珊瑚骨架礁丘、层孔虫—海绵骨架礁丘、海绵—层孔虫骨架礁丘以及管孔藻—层孔虫骨架礁丘几种生态类型,这些骨架礁丘无论从造礁生物多样性、生态组合特征以及造礁规模,皆不同于前时代的前寒武纪叠层石礁、寒武纪古杯礁、早奥陶世的灰泥丘和托盘海绵礁,而呈现出单个礁体厚度大、发育旋回多之特点,多期礁体的垂向叠加、横向迁移造成礁体叠置连片, 形成了呈条带状展布的大型生物礁群。     

GM(1,1)模型在建筑物沉降量预测中的应用

根据建筑物的沉降变形特征 ,引用GM (1,1)建模思想来建立沉降预测模型。利用较少的前期观测数据建立模型来预测建筑物最终沉降量 ,然后据此判断其是否满足建筑物的变形要求 ,以便较早地提出工程防治措施。     

对西安地裂缝形成机制的几点新看法

本文从鄂尔多斯周缘断陷带的形成历史及其周缘断裂系的活动方式入手，阐述了西安地区临潼─长安断裂的活动模式并说明了西安古地裂缝是该断裂的次级断裂，它控制了该地区的地裂活动，然后，对西安地区现今地裂缝活动幅度和速率提出了一些看法，指出西安地区地裂缝活动量大与断裂活动加速和抽水引起的地层不均匀压密有关。     

Pigmenting agents in Martian soils: inferences from spectral, Mossbauer, and magnetic properties of nanophase and other iron oxides in Hawaiian palagonitic soil PN-9

We have examined a Hawaiian palagonitic tephra sample (PN-9) that has spectroscopic similarities to Martian bright regions using a number of analytical techniques, including Mossbauer and reflectance spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, instrumental neutron activation analysis, electron probe microanalysis, transmission electron microscopy, and dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate extraction. Chemically, PN-9 has a Hawaiitic composition with alkali (and presumably silica) loss resulting from leaching by meteoric water during palagonitization; no Ce anomaly is present in the REE pattern. Mineralogically, our results show that nanophase ferric oxide (np-Ox) particles (either nanophase hematite (np-Hm) or a mixture of ferrihydrite and np-Hm) are responsible for the distinctive ferric doublet and visible-wavelength ferric absorption edge observed in Mossbauer and reflectivity spectra, respectively, for this and other spectrally similar palagonitic samples. The np-Ox particles appear to be imbedded in a hydrated aluminosilicate matrix material; no evidence was found for phyllosilicates. Other iron-bearing phases observed are titanomagnetite, which accounts for the magnetic nature of the sample; olivine; pyroxene; and glass. By analogy, np-Ox is likely the primary pigmenting agent of the bright soils and dust of Mars.     

The 825-1110 angstroms EUV spectrum of Venus

On 15 August 1994 we launched the EUVS sounding rocket payload to observe the 825-1110 angstrom region of Venus's far ultraviolet airglow spectrum. The EUVS telescope/spectrograph obtained good data at five times higher spectral resolution than was previously available in the far ultraviolet. We present these data and compare our results to those obtained by the Galileo UVS and Venera 11/12 UV spectrophotometers. We identify several new spectral emission features, including both singly ionized nitrogen and molecular nitrogen in Venus's spectrum. We also see evidence for electron-impact-induced emission from CO. Finally, the EUVS data indicate that the "Ar" emissions detected in Venus's far ultraviolet spectrum by Venera 11/12 spectrophotometers are in fact not due to argon, thus eliminating the discrepancy between in situ and remote sensing measurements.     

Inorganic species in geologic fluids: correlations among standard molal thermodynamic properties of aqueous ions and hydroxide complexes

Correlations among experimentally determined standard partial molal thermodynamic properties of inorganic aqueous species at 25 degrees C and 1 bar allow estimates of these properties for numerous monatomic cations and anions, polyatomic anions, oxyanions, acid oxyanions, neutral oxy-acid species, dissolved gases, and hydroxide complexes of metal cations. Combined with correlations among parameters in the revised Helgeson-Kirkham-Flowers (HKF) equation of state (Shock et al., 1992), these estimates permit predictions of standard partial molal volumes, heat capacities, and entropies, as well as apparent standard partial molal enthalpies and Gibbs free energies of formation to 1000 degrees C and 5 kb for hundreds of inorganic aqueous species of interest in geochemistry. Data and parameters for more than 300 inorganic aqueous species are presented. Close agreement between calculated and experimentally determined equilibrium constants for acid dissociation reactions and cation hydrolysis reactions supports the generality and validity of these predictive methods. These data facilitate the calculation of the speciation of major, minor, and trace elements in hydrothermal and metamorphic fluids throughout most of the crust of the Earth.     

临潼—长安断裂带内地裂缝特征

简述了临潼—长安断裂带的特征及与地裂缝的关系,根据临潼—长安断裂带内两场地地层勘探剖面,证实了临潼—长安断裂带内地裂缝的存在,表明其与发育在临潼—长安断裂带上盘的西安地裂缝具有相同的性质和特征。同时通过地裂缝两侧地层的错断及厚度变化分析了地裂缝的特点及其地质历史活动规律,表明临潼—长安断裂带内的地裂缝活动受断裂活动影响也表现为东强西弱的特征。