全文获取类型
收费全文 | 85547篇 |
免费 | 1382篇 |
国内免费 | 524篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 1760篇 |
大气科学 | 5642篇 |
地球物理 | 16253篇 |
地质学 | 30976篇 |
海洋学 | 7884篇 |
天文学 | 19903篇 |
综合类 | 220篇 |
自然地理 | 4815篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 619篇 |
2021年 | 1040篇 |
2020年 | 1114篇 |
2019年 | 1248篇 |
2018年 | 2550篇 |
2017年 | 2360篇 |
2016年 | 2718篇 |
2015年 | 1355篇 |
2014年 | 2622篇 |
2013年 | 4507篇 |
2012年 | 2866篇 |
2011年 | 3702篇 |
2010年 | 3378篇 |
2009年 | 4276篇 |
2008年 | 3727篇 |
2007年 | 3842篇 |
2006年 | 3559篇 |
2005年 | 2537篇 |
2004年 | 2458篇 |
2003年 | 2291篇 |
2002年 | 2274篇 |
2001年 | 1973篇 |
2000年 | 1962篇 |
1999年 | 1543篇 |
1998年 | 1609篇 |
1997年 | 1494篇 |
1996年 | 1258篇 |
1995年 | 1250篇 |
1994年 | 1059篇 |
1993年 | 1013篇 |
1992年 | 933篇 |
1991年 | 978篇 |
1990年 | 949篇 |
1989年 | 825篇 |
1988年 | 759篇 |
1987年 | 892篇 |
1986年 | 780篇 |
1985年 | 946篇 |
1984年 | 1074篇 |
1983年 | 1037篇 |
1982年 | 953篇 |
1981年 | 895篇 |
1980年 | 795篇 |
1979年 | 750篇 |
1978年 | 729篇 |
1977年 | 623篇 |
1976年 | 630篇 |
1975年 | 614篇 |
1974年 | 590篇 |
1973年 | 657篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 109 毫秒
521.
Changes in the spatial distribution of the population of the Ukraine between 1959 and 1984 are analyzed. Attention is given to changes in the rural and urban population composition over time as well as to regional variations in population dynamics. 相似文献
522.
Surface drag and turbulence over an inhomogeneous land surface 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A. L. M. Grant 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1991,56(4):309-337
Data collected over an inhomogeneous semi-rural area are presented. The data are compared with previous surface-layer data to determine how representative the fixed-point flux measurements are of area averages. Departures from the standard surface-layer results are found to be relatively small (~10–20%), which supports the concept of a blending height above which the flow ceases to respond to variations in the underlying surface and becomes horizontally homogeneous.Effective roughness lengths are derived for different wind directions and the relationship between the effective roughness length and upwind surface is examined in the light of recent ideas on averaging surface roughness lengths. It is found that by averaging drag coefficients, realistic values of the effective roughness length can be calculated which are not very sensitive to the precise choice of the component roughness lengths. 相似文献
523.
A photochemical scheme which includes a detailed treatment of multiple scattering up to solar zenith angles of 96° (developed for use in a GCM) has been used to study partitioning within chemical families. Attention is drawn to the different zenith angle dependence of diffuse radiation for the two spectral regions <310 nm and >310 nm. The effect that this has on the so-called 40 km ozone problem is discussed. The importance of correctly including multiple scattering for polar ozone studies is emphasised. 相似文献
524.
525.
Magma sources for Mesozoic anorogenic granites of the White Mountain magma series,New England,USA 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21
The magma sources for granitic intrusions related to the Mesozoic White Mountain magma series in northern New England, USA, are addressed relying principally upon Nd isotopes. Many of these anorogenic complexes lack significant volumes of exposed mafic lithologies and have been suspected of representing crustal melts. Sm–Nd and Rb–Sr isotope systematics are used to evaluate magma sources for 18 felsic plutons with ages ranging from about 120 to 230 Ma. The possibility of crustal sources is further examined with analyses of representative older crust including Paleozoic granitoids which serve as probes of the lower crust in the region. Multiple samples from two representative intrusions are used to address intrapluton initial isotopic heterogeneities and document significant yet restricted variations (<1 in
Nd). Overall, Mesozoic granite plutons range in
Nd [T] from +4.2 to -2.3, with most +2 to 0, and in initial 87Sr/86Sr from 0.7031 to 0.709. The isotopic variations are roughly inversely correlated but are not obviously related to geologic, geographic, or age differences. Older igneous and metamorphic crust of the region has much lower Nd isotope ratios with the most radiogenic Paleozoic granitoid at
Nd [180 Ma] of -2.8. These data suggest mid-Proterozoic separation of the crust in central northern New England. Moreover, the bulk of the Mesozoic granites cannot be explained as crustal melts but must have large mantle components. The ranges of Nd and Sr isotopes are attributed to incorporation of crust by magmas derived from midly depleted mantle sources. Crustal input may reflect either magma mixing of crustal and mantle melts or crustal assimilation which is the favored interpretation. The results indicate production of anorogenic granites from mantle-derived mafic magmas. 相似文献
526.
L. N. Kogarko D. A. Plant C. M. B. Henderson B. A. Kjarsgaard 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1991,109(1):124-129
Carbonate phases, some rich in Na2O and comparatively rich in SrO and BaO, occur as inclusions in perovskite and calzirtite (Ca2Zr5Ti2O16) in the carbonatite of the Guli complex, Siberia. This is the first record of alkali carbonates, akin to nyerereite [Na2Ca(CO3)2], in plutonic igneous rocks. The inclusion populations suggest that the parental magma of the complex was Ca-rich but developed Na-rich differentiates during the latest stages. This points to the dominant calcic carbonatites of the complex not being derivatives of alkali-rich parental carbonatites. These alkali-rich carbonate inclusions (and rare inclusions of djerfisherite) have been preserved due to the resistance of perovskite and calzirtite to processes of leaching, hydrothermal alteration and weathering. 相似文献
527.
The geochemistry of Hercynian tin-bearing granitoid massifs of the Krune hory Mts. (Erzgebirge), Slavkovský les Forest (Kaiserwald) and Smriny (eastern Fichtelgebirge) is compared by statistical processing of 270 analyses including a wide spectrum of major and trace elements. Seven different types of granites are distinguished. Out of these, five types represent the successive differentiation of the largest massif of NW Bohemia: the Karlovy Vary (Karlsbad) massif. This comprises strongly differentiated peraluminous granites evolving towards extreme Li-Rb-Cs-F-and Sn-enrichment in the youngest members, which are albite-topaz-zinwaldite lithium granites. The sixth and seventh types are different from the former by their location in the eastern Krune hory and tectonic setting, and they display geochemical features of anorogenic granites: they are metaluminous albite-zinwaldite granites with marked enrichment of Nb, Y, and HREE in addition to Li, Rb, Cs, F and Sn, indicating contamination by sub-crustal material. Sn-W mineralizations, including flat peri-contact greisen bodies, steep greisen veins and tourmalinized phyllites, are all intimately associated with the most strongly differentiated granites — the Li-granite and the Cinovec-granite respectively. 相似文献
528.
The Mössbauer fractions f for various ferrous- and/or ferric-containing oxides and oxyhydroxides, silicates and carbonates were evaluated from the experimental temperature dependence of their center shifts, using the Debye approximation for the second-order Doppler shift. It is concluded that ferrous ions exhibit a lower fraction as compared to ferric ions. Using standard mixtures of -Fe2O3 with selected Fe2+ or Fe3+ compounds, it is found that the calculated Fe3+
f values are somewhat overestimated with respect to those of Fe2+. Possible explanations for this shortcoming are discussed and it is suggested that a different temperature dependence of the intrinsic isomer shift is the most likely reason. This suggestion is corroborated by analyses of hematite and hedenbergite data which are available for temperatures up to 900 K and 800 K respectively. 相似文献
529.
H. Flanquart C. Meur-Férec Ph. Deboudt V. Morel A.-P. Hellequin et al. 《GeoJournal》1991,24(2):223-223
Reports
Littoral '92 相似文献530.
Jowett AJ 《GeoJournal》1991,23(2):135-146
Pre-1949 China was The Sick Man of Asia, The Land of Famine. In 1949 Mao brought the communists to power and in the re-ordered world, all such problems were supposedly overcome — but not so. Thirty years ago China suffered one of the world's worst famines. Over the four years 1958–61, China suffered some 25–30 million more deaths and experienced some 30–35 million fewer births than might have been expected under normal conditions. Yet for almost a quarter of a century there would be few, outside of China, who were aware of the existence let alone the dimensions of the disaster. Access to Chinese census data since the mid-1980s has permitted a preliminary analysis of the demographic impact of the famine.Abbreviations JPRS-CEA-81-128
Joint Publications Research Service, China Economic Affairs Report 128, 1981
- JPRS-CPS-85-028
Joint Publications Research Service. China Report, Political, Sociological & Military Affairs 28, 1985 相似文献