复合生态区划的系统分级及其实证研究

复合生态区划重在揭示不同复合生态地域单元的人类活动和自然环境的相似性与差异性，是进行区域复合生态系统研究的基础工作，对于研究不同复合生态地域单元的发展方向与功能定位具有重要的实践意义。比较分析了复合生态区划与自然区划、生态区划的异同点，简要回顾了自然区划、生态区划的历史演变与应用成效，阐述了复合生态区划的主要原则，提出了生态大区-生态区-生态省-生态地区的四级区划系统及其相应的指标体系与区划方法。根据复合生态系统结构特征及其生态服务功能定位的相似性与差异性，突出人工生态系统和社会文化要素的地位和作用，将四川省划分为2个生态大区、3个生态区、4个生态省和9个生态地区，该区划方案对于制订四川省的生态功能分区具有重要的参考价值，也可以有效地指导四川省的资源开发、产业结构调整和生态环境保护。     

A NEW PERSPECTIVE ON CHINA'S INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY

１　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＮｏｗａｄａｙｓｔｈｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｗｏｒｌｄｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉｅｓａｎｄｅｃｏｎｏｍｙｉｓｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｏｆａｆｅｗｃｏｎｓｐｉｃｕｏｕｓｔｒｅｎｄｓｗｈｉｃｈｍａｙｃｈａｌｌｅｎｇｅｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｍｏｄｅｌｓａｎｄｔｈｅｏｒｉｅｓ．Ｆｉｒｓｔｏｆａｌｌ,ｔｈｅｅｃｏｎｏｍｙｏｆｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄｈａｓｂｅｅｎｂｅｃｏｍｉｎｇｉｎｇｌｏｂａｌｓｐａｃｅ,ｏｆｗｈｉｃｈｔｈｅｒｅｍａｒｋａｂｌｅｉ…     

A new perspective on China’s industrial development strategy

At present China is facing challenges from economic globalization, ecological economy and knowledge economy in its process of economic development. The following ideas may be heuristic in establishing China’s regional development strategies: 1) In locating industries, the impact of industries on the eco-environment should be fully considered. 2) Industrial restructuring should be focused on the restructuring of products, not on the restructuring of the three traditional industries (primary, secondary and tertiary industries). 3) The establishment of key industries should be focused on large-scale corporations or famous brand products, not on a particular industrial sector. 4) The complementarity and cooperation between the east and the west of China should be on products and markets, not on natural resources. The advantages in natural resources for the west of China can not be over-estimated. The advantages in products and market potentials for the west of China may be explored.     

唐山地震的非均匀错动模型──水准资料的反演结果

从地震矩张量的理论和点源的垂直位移公式出发，通过离散化地震矩密度，得到了用水准资料反演断层非均匀破裂的有限元模型。利用唐山地震前后的水准资料，采用非负限制的梯度方法反演了唐山地震的非均匀破裂，发现唐山地震的破裂主要是由两部分组成的，其中最大点滑动量为９．９０ｍ。计算得到地震矩为１．５×１０（２２）Ｎ·ｃｍ，说明唐山地震前后一年内的垂直形变是同震变化。     

位错引起的大地水准面变化

从动态的观点介绍了大地水准的物理意义。用数值分析方法计算了常见的几种断层位错导致的大地水准面局部变化的分布图像,并着 断层位错的倾角与大地水疰同变化 之间的关系。     

VARYING SEASONS'' MESOSCALE WIND FIELD CIRCULATION IN HAINAN ISLAND

Using a one-level numerical diagnostic model, the features of surface wind fields in Hainan Island and Leizhou Peninsula and maritime area around it are studied. In the experiments with prevailing synoptic situation for varying seasons there are obvious deflection flows, terrain slope drafts, convergence lines, sea/land breeze and mountain/valley breeze, and difference in season accounts for the features found in the mesoscale distribution.The complex terrain and seatland distribution in the area is shown to be the important cause for the formation of varying mesoscale circulation, and close relationships between local climatic distribution feature and mesoscale circulation are then revealed.     

Spatiotemporal shifts in key hydrological variables and dominant factors over China

Quantitatively and physically understanding changes in land surface hydrology is a hot topic in the hydro-meteorological research, especially over China with high population density but uneven distribution of water resources. Therefore, the spatiotemporal dynamics (i.e., the 1980s [1981–1990] and 1990s [1991–2000] relative to the baseline of 1961–1980) in evapotranspiration (ET) and streamflow/runoff (Q) were examined across 426 hydrological divisions (HDs) of China. Both the 1980s and 1990s ET decreased over roughly 50% HDs mainly in the central and southeast parts of China, while the 1980s (1990s) Q decreased over slightly higher than 50% (63%) HDs generally in north and southwest China (the central and north parts of China). Relative to the 1980s, more HDs had strong changes in ET and Q in 1990s. Based on the separated contributions of precipitation (P), reference ET and Budyko-type equation parameter n (an integrated variable of catchment property) to ET and Q changes, we found that in 1980s and 1990s, n dominated ET changes over about 60% HDs mainly in the south, with the dominant of P around 35% HDs generally in the north and northeast, while for Q changes, nearly 60% (slightly less than 40%) HDs were dominated by n (P). Moreover, the dominants for ET (Q) changes have shifted from 1980s to 1990s over 36% (45%) HDs, mainly changing from P to n. This study provides a framework for quantitatively understanding land surface hydrological dynamics from the perspectives of climatic and physiographic controls over regions.     

Linear and non‐linear scaling of the Yangtze River flow

Power law correlation properties of sign and magnitude series have been studied based on the series of observation records of flow of the River Yangtze. The results obtained give improved insight into and understanding of the linear and non‐linear processes of the water cycle. With the newly developed Delayed Vector Variance method and the surrogate test, the documented linkage between the sign series and the linear process, and that between the magnitude series and non‐linear process can be verified. The spectra estimated by detrended fluctuation analysis method show different properties of intra‐annual and inter‐annual correlations in both sign and magnitude series. The linear process behaves as an 1/f noise at a time scale less than about 60 days, but shows features of anti‐persistence in terms of long‐term fluctuation. The magnitudes are clustered in three ways mainly caused by non‐linear processes, i.e. periodic clustering, strong short‐term clustering of 1/f noise at time scales less than 20 days, and long‐term clustering with weak persistence. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

三峡工程对生态与环境影响综合评价体系

本文是继三峡工程对生态与环境影响的综合评价之后,针对三峡工程兴建与否和何时兴建等目标的延续课题。继承前期研究综合评价的基本框架。分为评价对象系统;时间动态系统;影响识别系统。包括3个次系统,23个子系统、100个评价因子的巨型系统工程。假设不同的变化条件,评价因子、因素和系统,在不同时间内的生态环境状况与理想状态的位差和生态的可能变化趋势,作出预警。     

GPS测站位移速率的解算方法

对目前4种常用的利用GPS复测资料解算测站位移速率的方法进行了分析，通过实例对比了4种方法的结果。坐标法可以直接利用多期复测结果得到测站大地坐标，但要求坐标在同一参考框架内，并采用相同的参考椭球；基线方法可以消除或削弱观测系统的系统误差，与参考框架无直接关系，但在平差计算时至少要引入1个起算点，起算点高程方向的误差会削弱其他点平面坐标的精度，并进而影响位移速率的精度；在选定不同基准解算位移速率时相似变换方法是十分有效的，但如果复测结果不在同一参考框架中，其结果存在框架不一致所带来的误差；QOCA方法能够综合利用多种观测数据，可以把区域观测数据和全球观测数据稳健地结合起来，在削弱观测期间突变因素的影响方面比其他方法具有便利之处。