基于高分辨率再分析海流数据的三种涡旋识别方法在南海的评估

本文基于南海11 a逐日高分辨率再分析海流数据,利用三种涡旋识别方法——缠绕角（Winding Angle,WA）法、速度矢量几何（Vector Geometry,VG）法和OW (Okubo Weiss)参数法对南海中尺度涡进行识别和追踪,对比了三种方法对中尺度涡的探测能力,并分析了在高分辨率再分析产品中的适用性。研究表明,产品空间分辨率的提高能够放大OW方法的W参数噪声,使该方法存在涡旋过量检测和涡旋分割现象,导致识别的涡旋数量偏多、半径偏小,涡旋平均成功探测率最低（76.2%）;与OW方法相比,WA方法在一定程度上降低了涡旋过量探测率和漏判率,涡旋平均成功探测率提高至85.1%,但涡旋识别时间较长;与前两种方法相比,VG方法的涡旋平均成功探测率可达93.2%,综合评估参数（过量探测率×漏判率÷成功探测率）优势显著（4.5%）,且计算高效。因此,在基于高分辨率再分析产品进行中尺度涡识别时,VG方法具有更加合理的涡旋探测结果和更强的适用性。     

湿地公园规划新理念及应用——以东江湖国家湿地公园规划为例

回顾了国内关于城市湿地公园及国家湿地公园的概念,结合目前政府对我国国家湿地公园的界定,提出了建设和规划湿地公园的“三圈四区七层”新理念,并结合东江湖国家湿地公园、莲花湖湿地公园等概念性规划实践,提出了这种理念的实践途径。     

星湖国家湿地公园水质现状与恢复研究

本文在分析星湖国家湿地公园水质现状的基础上,研究了星湖水质的胁迫因子,最后提出了星湖水质保育、恢复和提高的措施,希望为我国城市型湖泊湿地的水质保育和恢复提供一定的借鉴思路和指导。     

湖南酒埠江湿地公园建设效益研究

对酒埠江湿地公园建设的预期效益进行了研究,结果表明:①湿地公园建成后,其潜在生态效益巨大,为32300.5万元/a,其中洪水调节和提供水源价值分别为14626.1万元/a和11480.0万元/a,占总体生态价值的45.3%和35.5%;②社会效益良好,为我国大型水库湿地生态系统的保护和恢复树立示范;③经济效益可观,湿地公园在经营期内总收入为66440.4万元,利润总额为16881.9万元,净利润为11310.9万元。     

异常南海夏季风的OLR前期特征

应用 1979～ 1999年 NOAA卫星月平均 OL R资料及 195 0～ 1999年 NCAR/ NCEP再分析的海表温度月平均资料 ,采用合成分析的方法对异常南海夏季风爆发前期的特征进行分析 ,并做信度检验。结果表明 ,在季风爆发的前期 ,对流活动和海温的异常与南海夏季风的异常关系密切。OL R在初春、垂直速度在整个前期与南海夏季风的异常存在着极强的相关性。在强 (弱 )南海夏季风年的前期 ,热带海温基本呈 L a Nina(El Nino)型分布 ,其中在12月 ,海温的距平分布与来年南海夏季风的强弱关系最为密切     

Chemical composition of the background aerosol at two sites in southwestern and northwestern China: potential influences of regional transport

Concentrations of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), selected trace elements and water-soluble (WS) ions were determined for samples collected from August 2004 to February 2005 to assess the aerosol background at two remote sites in China. The OC and EC concentrations in PM₁₀ from near the Tibetan Plateau at Zhuzhang (ZUZ) were comparable with other background sites, averaging 3.1 and 0.34 μg m⁻³, respectively, with no pronounced seasonality. At Akdala (AKD) on northern margin of the Zhungaer Basin, the average concentrations were similar (mean OC = 2.9 μg m⁻³ and EC = 0.35 μg m⁻³), but the concentrations were higher in winter. The aerosol mass at both sites was dominated by OC and SO₄²⁻, but a stronger contribution from soil dust was observed at AKD. At ZUZ, NO₃⁻ showed a unique weather-related fluctuation in PM₁₀ with a periodicity of ∼1 week. Anthropogenic sources in the Sichuan Basin and southeastern Yunnan Province evidently influence ZUZ in summer and autumn while pollutants from Russia and the China–Mongolia border affect AKD nearly all year. The identification of these upwind sources demonstrates that transboundary transport needs to be taken into account when assessing air quality in remote parts of China.     

THE SPATIOTEMPORAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LIGHT RAIN DAYS AND LOW CLOUD COVER UNDER HEAVY POLLUTION OVER SOUTH CHINA

By using the data set of light rain days and low cloud cover at 51 stations in South China (SC), and the method of linear regression and correlative analysis, we analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of the light rain days and low cloud cover including annual variation and long-term seasonal change. The results are as follows: (1) The trends of light rain days and low cloud cover over SC are opposite (light rain days tended to decrease and low cloud cover tended to increase in the past 46 years). The value distributed in east is higher than that in west, and coastal area higher than inland area. (2) The regression coefficients of light rain days and low cloud cover during 1960–2005 are 4.88 d/10 years and 1.14%/10 years respectively, which had all passed the 0.001 significance level. (3) Variations of light rain days are relatively small in spring and summer, but their contributions are larger for annual value than that of autumn and winter. (4) There are two regions with large values of aerosol optical depth (AOD), which distribute in central and southern Guangxi and Pearl River Delta (PRD) of Guangdong, and the value of AOD in PRD is up to 0.7. The aerosol index distributed in coastal area is higher than in the inland area, which is similar to the light rain days and low cloud cover over SC. Aerosol indexes in SC kept increasing with fluctuation during the past 27 years. The GDP of the three provinces in SC increased obviously during the past 28 years, especially in Guangdong, which exhibited that there is simultaneous correlation between light rain days with the variables of low cloud cover and release of aerosols over SC during 1960 to 2005.     

中国农田下垫面变化对气候影响的模拟研究

使用同期的美国国家环境预报中心/能源部(NCEP/DOE)再分析资料驱动区域气候耦合模式AVIM-RIEMS2.0,从遥感卫星图像资料中获取3期中国土地利用/覆盖数据中的农田植被类型,将其分别引入到AVIM-RIEMS2.0模式进行积分,研究中国农田下垫面变化对东亚区域气候的影响。结果表明:中国农田变化对气候影响具有冬季弱、夏季强的季节性变化,夏季气温和降水的差异在一些地区通过了95%的显著性检验;20世纪80年代农田扩张,林地、草地为主的植被类型转化为农田,植被变化区域的叶面积指数降低,反照率升高,且通过了95%的显著性检验,使得中国东部地区的气温由南到北呈现增加—减少—增加—减少的相间变化趋势,而降水的变化趋势大体相反;20世纪90年代农田面积减少,除东北地区外,农田变化引起的植被变化与80年代基本相反,叶面积指数变化、反照率以及由此导致的气候各要素也呈现大体相反的变化趋势;不同时期农田变化引起的植被类型转化的差异,使850 hPa风场变化趋势基本相反,可能是导致气温和降水变化趋势差异的主要原因之一。     

靖边潜台南部中奥陶统马五1～4亚段沉积演化特征研究

鄂尔多斯盆地中奥陶统马家沟组由于受加里东运动影响而隆起抬升遭受风化,形成良好的岩溶油气储层。因此,对马五段上部马五1～4亚段的沉积微相研究对未来在该层位的油气勘探具有深远的意义。本文运用单因素分析多因素综合作图法结合钻井岩心资料、测井资料的细致分析、统计,选取了白云岩含量、灰岩含量、膏盐含量及泥岩含量等单因素,绘制出马五1～4各地层的沉积微相图。研究表明马五期的沉积格局为局限台地,自西北向东南依次出现台内斜坡、台内浅凹、台内盆缘,其沉积演化从马五4的低海平面期到马五3的海平面上升期再到马五2的顶盛期最后到马五1的海退期,形成一个完整的海进海退沉积旋回,并依据其沉积特征建立了各时期的沉积模式。     

鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区长6储层微观孔隙结构及控制因素

基于铸体薄片、扫描电镜、X射线衍射、恒速压汞等测试数据,对鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区长6储层及微观孔隙结构特征进行了研究。结果表明,研究区储层主要以长石砂岩、岩屑长石砂岩为主,孔隙类型多样,主要为粒间孔和长石溶孔。恒速压汞测试结果表明:平均喉道半径、有效喉道体积、平均孔隙半径、有效孔隙体积、孔喉比等恒速压汞相关特征参数与样品孔隙度、渗透率之间存在一定的相关性。样品的渗透率越大,其平均喉道半径、主流喉道半径就越大,而孔喉比值越低。储层喉道是控制渗透率的根本因素。储层孔隙发育主要受沉积相带和成岩作用控制,沉积相带的不同导致成分成熟度和结构成熟度的不同,从而影响储层孔隙的不同;压实作用和碳酸盐胶结使孔隙减少,而溶蚀作用则起到一定的增孔作用。