长江新济洲群湿地恢复技术与途径研究

对长江新济洲群湿地的退化过程、诊断等级与胁迫因子进行了分析,提出了湿地恢复的技术流程、恢复模式、关键技术与工程措施。     

2012-2018西藏“雨窝”降水特征及其成因分析

本文采用2012-2018年西藏74个气象站的降水资料,以及墨脱站小时、日、月、季、年的降水资料,对西藏的降水日数、累计降水量、强降水的空间分布进行了分析,结果表明:①墨脱是西藏降水日数最多、累计降水量最大的中心,也是出现极端强降水概率最高的区域.②墨脱的降水主要集中在3-10月,降水呈现双峰型,峰值分别出现在6月和9...     

新一代格点大气环流模式与陆面生态模式AVIM的耦合研究

将陆面生态模式AVIM(Atmosphere-Vegetation Interaction Model)的物理模块(PHY-AVIM)耦合到中国科学院大气物理研究所新一代格点大气环流模式GAMIL(Grid-point Atmospheric Model)中,替换GAMIL中的陆面模式BATS.对两种方案GAMIL+BATS(旧版本)和GAMIL+(PHY-AVIM)(新版本),分别独立进行11年积分,取后10年的积分结果进行分析.结果发现:新版本明显改进冬、夏季陆地表面的感热、潜热场通量,尤其在夏季,非洲大陆的中北部、欧亚大陆、北美中部以及南美北部等地区,新版本的感热场模拟值均比旧版本低,更接近NCEP再分析资料的结果;同样,对于地表面温度场,新版本在夏季明显地减弱了旧版本在大陆上的的暖偏差,模拟的结果更合理;新版本对冬、夏季的海平面气压场、降水场也有一定的改进,但改进不是很明显.以上的所有改进主要是由于AVIM引入了更细致的陆面物理过程参数化方案,以及使用了分辨率(0.5°×0.5°)更高的陆地植被分类资料.     

Simulation and Evaluation of Terrestrial Ecosystem NPP with M-SDGVM over Continental China

Using the regional terrestrial Net Primary Production (NPP) from different observations and models over China, we validated the NPP simulations and explored the relationship between NPP and climate variation at interannual and decadal scales in the Modified Sheffield Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (M-SDGVM) during 1981–2000. M-SDGVM shows agreement with the NPP data from 743 sites under the Global Primary Production Data Initiative (GPPDI). The spatial and the zonal averaged NPP of M-SDGVM agree well with ...     

Seasonal variations in the isotopic composition of near-surface water vapour in the eastern Mediterranean

Although the isotopic composition of precipitation is widely used in global climate change studies, use of water vapour isotopes is considerably more limited. Here we present the results from 9 yr of atmospheric vapour measurements in the Eastern Mediterranean, at a site in Israel. The measurements show a strong mean seasonal cycle of about 4‰ in ¹⁸O (peaking around July). This seasonality could not be adequately explained by changes in surface interactions or in air mass trajectories, as usually invoked for variations in local precipitation. We could explain this cycle only as a combination of three components: (1) rainout effects; (2) temperature and relative humidity control of the initial vapour and (3) seasonal variations in the vertical mixing across the top of the planetary boundary layer. This last component is emphasized in the current study, and it was shown to be a significant factor in the seasonal cycle features. The measurements were also compared with an isotope-enabled GCM (CAM2) run, which exhibited a markedly different seasonal cycle. Such comparisons with vapour isotopes data could help in constraining models better.     

基于COST模型的热岛效应时空演变特征分析

本文选取中等城市绵阳为研究对象,以2000年、2007年TM/ETM+遥感影像为数据源,首先应用COST模型完成大气校正;然后采用Artis等提出的算法进行地表温度反演,并利用均值标准差法进行温度等级划分,获得绵阳市地表温度分布图和温度等级分布图。结果表明:①2000-2007年热岛区与建成区在空间发展趋势上基本一致,其中2000年热岛区面积为11.49 km2,到2007年增加为43.12 km2,热岛区面积所占比例增加36.36%;②7年间温度等级升高的区域面积为56.09km2,占建成区总面积的64.47%,其中从温度较低区转化为热岛区比例占42.40%。     

基于热红外遥感的四川省内江市城市热岛效应评价

利用四川省内江市1988年6月23日、2000年5月10日和2007年5月6日的Landsat TM/TM+热红外遥感数据,定量反演亮度温度,并利用均值-标准差法对温度进行分级.1988-2000-2007年间,内江市最大热岛强度分别为15.682℃,16.016℃和15.498℃;加权平均热岛强度分别为1.476℃,1.991℃和0.674℃;城市热岛比例指数分别为0.617,0.775和0.406.三个评价指标的变化趋势具有一致性,即先升高再降低,表明1988-2000-2007年间内江市城市热岛效应先增强再减弱.这说明2000年以来尽管城市化进程加剧,但是随着对城市生态环境保护的重视,城市化导致的热环境问题比2000年以前有所缓解.     

The sedimentology and geomorphology of rock avalanche deposits on glaciers

This article describes and compares the deposits of four large landslides on two glaciers in Alaska using field mapping and remote sensing. Digital image analysis is used to compare the sedimentological characteristics of nearly 200 000 individual surface blocks deposited by three landslides at Black Rapids Glacier in 2002. The debris sheets of one of the three landslides on Black Rapids Glacier and a landslide emplaced on Sherman Glacier in 1964 are also investigated. The three landslides on Black Rapids Glacier have undergone little post‐depositional modification by glacier flow, whereas the Sherman Glacier landslide has been transported supraglacially up to ca 1 km over the past 46 years. The three debris sheets on Black Rapids Glacier have coarse blocky rims at their distal edges, and all four debris sheets have longitudinal flowbands characterized by differences in texture and produced by shearing within the moving debris. Elongated blocks are parallel to flow, except at the perimeter of the debris sheets, where they are aligned more perpendicular to flow. Blocks on the Sherman Glacier debris sheet have been reoriented by glacier flow. The matrix shows no systematic differences with depth or distance from the source. However, it appears to become coarser over a time scale of decades due to weathering.     

ECMWF0.25*0.25经纬网格模式资料处理及软件实现

分析了中国气象局下发的ECMWF0.25*0.25经纬网格模式产品格式。使用GrADS和Microsoft Visual Studio 2005作为开发工具,对采用多线程解译模式产品、形成MICAPS自定义格式产品的关键技术进行了介绍,以利于市州级相关人员借鉴,提升对同类资料的解译能力。软件处理资料时效高,为天气预报提供了重要的基础支撑。     

Composite stable isotope records from a Late Weichselian lacustrine sequence at Grrenge, Lolland, Denmark: evidence of Allerød and Younger Dryas environments

Stable oxygen and carbon isotope data from a lacustrine sequence at Grænge, southeast Denmark, revealed distinct cnvironmental changes related to Late Weichselian climatic development in the region. Comparison of isotopic records obtained from sedimentary carbonates and freshwater molluscs enabled reconstruction of changes in the lacustrine environment. The degree of thermal and chemical stratification of the lake was evaluated and supported by pollen data from an earlier study of the site. During the Allerød interstadial, dimictic and stagnant conditions characterized the lake, whereas the stratification was disturbed during thc Younger Dryas stadial probably as a result of deforestation and increased wind impact. The origin of sedimentary carbonates was examined by mineralogic and morphologic studies. A considerable input of clastics and detrital carbonates, associated with pronounced enrichment of ¹⁸O and ¹³C. wds recorded in the Younger Dryas sediments indicating soil degradation and increased erosion. A climatic warming preceding the Pleis-tocene/Holocene boundary is clearly reflected in the different stable isotope records and in the lithostratigraphy.