古隆起边缘页岩气富集规律与选区——以雪峰西南缘下寒武统牛蹄塘组为例

为进一步明确古隆起边缘页岩气富集主控因素,有效指导相似地质条件地区的页岩气选区评价,以雪峰西南缘下寒武统牛蹄塘组为例,结合最新勘探资料和前期认识,通过沉积相、演化历史和保存条件等综合研究,探讨了该区页岩气富集规律。结果表明：（1）牛蹄塘组下段页岩沉积于深水陆棚相,在热液活动参与下,发育高丰度、I型、富热成因硅的优质页岩,脆性矿物含量高,具有页岩气富集的基础;（2）热演化程度虽处于过成熟阶段,但有机质尚未碳化,生烃演化与储层演化相匹配,具备页岩气富集的前提;（3）燕山期以来的构造改造作用是否破坏了早期的保存条件,是页岩气富集的关键。基于上述富集规律认识,建立了雪峰西南缘页岩气选区评价标准,并指出在岑巩—施秉—黄平—麻江—都匀—独山一带,下寒武统牛蹄塘组优质页岩厚度大（50~140m）、有机碳含量高（TOC≥2.0%）、热演化适度（R_O平均2.63%）、埋深适中（1500~4000m）、构造相对稳定,是雪峰古隆起边缘页岩气勘探有利区带。     

准噶尔盆地准中4区块侏罗系断裂特征及对油气成藏的控制作用

准中4区块位于准噶尔盆地腹部,油气资源丰富,勘探潜力巨大,但勘探程度低。结合断层几何学、运动学及动力学特征,开展了侏罗系断层对油气藏控制作用的研究。结果表明：研究区侏罗系以走滑断层为主,构造样式有4种。D1井—D1井西区域以孤立或雁列式的中等角度逆断层为主,部分正花状构造,表现为早侏罗世拉张,中晚侏罗世压扭;D2井北区域以负花状构造为主,构造环境为张扭;D6井区域以直立缺少分支的走滑断层和负花状构造为主,表现为早侏罗世拉张,中晚侏罗世张扭。从时间上来说,中侏罗世断裂平均活动速率最强,早侏罗世次之,晚侏罗世最弱。从区域上来说,D2井北区域在早中侏罗世断裂平均活动速率最大,在晚侏罗世弱于D1井—D1井西区域,D6井区域在整个侏罗纪时期断裂平均活动速率最弱。同时,探讨了油源断裂、断层相关圈闭、断层侧向封闭性对油气成藏的疏导、富集场所、聚集可能存在影响。     

2001-2008年我国湿地公园研究的文献学分析

通过对2001-2008年我国国内出版发行的有关湿地公园的著作、学位论文和期刊论文的统计分析,揭示我国湿地公园研究的主题和内容、研究者的分布地区、部门分布状况,确定我国湿地公园研究的合作度、合著率、核心作者和活跃作者群,并确定我国湿地公园研究的热点区域,希望为我国湿地公园研究者和建设者了解和把握中国湿地公园研究现状和发展趋势提供依据。     

Ocean–atmosphere Teleconnections Play a Key Role in the Interannual Variability of Seasonal Gross Primary Production in China

Since the 1950s, the terrestrial carbon uptake has been characterized by interannual variations, which are mainly determined by interannual variations in gross primary production (GPP). Using an ensemble of seven-member TRENDY (Trends in Net Land–Atmosphere Carbon Exchanges) simulations during 1951–2010, the relationships of the interannual variability of seasonal GPP in China with the sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulations were investigated. The GPP signals that mostly relate to the climate forcing in terms of Residual Principal Component analysis (hereafter, R-PC) were identified by separating out the significant impact from the linear trend and the GPP memory. Results showed that the seasonal GPP over China associated with the first R-PC1 (the second R-PC2) during spring to autumn show a monopole (dipole or tripole) spatial structure, with a clear seasonal evolution for their maximum centers from springtime to summertime. The dominant two GPP R-PC are significantly related to Sea Surface Temperature (SST) variability in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean and the North Pacific Ocean during spring to autumn, implying influences from the El Ni?o–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). The identified SST and circulation factors explain 13%, 23% and 19% of the total variance for seasonal GPP in spring, summer and autumn, respectively. A clearer understanding of the relationships of China’s GPP with ocean–atmosphere teleconnections over the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean should provide scientific support for achieving carbon neutrality targets.     

SPATIOTEMPORAL VARIATION OF NO2 AND SUB-REGIONAL TRANSPORT DURING WINTER POLLUTION EVENTS IN HAIKOU, CHINA

An ensemble of satellite measurements, statistic data from government and meteorological diagnosis in regional background site (Haikou, China) has revealed the spatial and temporal characteristics of NO2 and associated synoptic transport patterns over southern China from January 2013 to February 2014. The result shows that: (1) Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) satellite products had a good correlation with observation NO2 in Haikou. The correlation coefficients between Observation NO2 and tropospheric column NO2 and ratio of TroNO2/ TotNO2(tropospheric column NO2/ total column NO2) had all passed the confidence level of 99.9% test. (2) TroNO2 over southern China has an obvious seasonal variation, which is closely coupled with regional meteorology in each season. (3) NO2 concentration in Haikou revealed three pollution periods during December 2013 and January 2014. The variation of NO2 concentration in Haikou is related to the meteorological elements closely. (4) Compared to the monthly mean meteorological fields of the pollution periods, the results indicate that NO2 pollution event in Haikou is directly related to the exogenous transportation from PRD region. An ensemble analysis of meteorological dynamic factors, wind vectors and backward trajectories during the pollution periods further verified this conclusion.     

塔中北斜坡奥陶系鹰山组岩溶储层特征及古岩溶发育模式

塔中北斜坡奥陶系鹰山组碳酸盐岩古岩溶发育,油气资源丰富,具有广阔的勘探开发前景。本次利用岩石化学分析、岩芯钻井、地震测井及成像测井资料,对岩溶储层发育规律及岩溶缝洞发育模式进行研究。认为:鹰一段和鹰二段发育质纯厚层灰岩地层,属强岩溶层组,溶蚀孔,溶蚀裂缝及溶洞均发育,后期古岩溶作用是该区油气聚集的主要场所。垂向岩溶缝洞系统主要发育在鹰山组顶面以下0~50 m及80~180 m范围。同时,溶洞在该区发育,洞穴型岩溶是该区优质岩溶储层,钻井过程常伴有放空、水漏失现象。结合古地貌特征,建立了ZG18~ZG22井区古岩溶缝洞系统发育模式,为岩溶储层预测及勘探开发井位部署提供地质依据。      

宁东煤炭基地植被生态特征及矿业开发对其的影响

准确评估大型能源基地矿业开发活动对区域植被生态系统影响具有重要的科学意义和实践价值。利用2000—2017年中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)连续观测的生态系统参量,定量研究宁东煤炭基地开发建设以来的植被生态系统时空变化特征,分析矿业开发对植被生态系统的影响。结果表明,随着宁东煤炭基地开采活动的持续,区域植被生态系统的生产力及其与大气之间的水汽交换强度整体增强,归一化植被指数、总初级生产力、净初级净生产力和蒸散的年增长幅度分别为0.0053、5.10g·C/(m2·a-1)、4.10g·C/(m2·a-1)和6.62mm/a;这4种指标在空间像元上也以增长趋势为主,且未来多数像元有持续增强的特征,但生态系统的水分利用效率却在降低。空间分析表明,大尺度植被生态演变受矿业活动影响微弱,其主要受制于气候和区域性的生态治理工程。     

西秦岭左家庄金矿成因研究:来自黄铁矿微量元素及多元同位素地球化学的制约

左家庄金矿位于西秦岭凤太盆地西北部,金矿体赋存在印支早期何家庄岩体的东西向剪切破碎带内。矿石类型以石英硫化物脉型为主,与西秦岭地区沉积岩控矿为主的特征有显著的差别。流体包裹体测温及成分分析表明,左家庄金矿成矿流体具有含CO2、中低温(122~305 ℃)、低盐度(1.2%~11.8% NaCleq)、浅成(约2.4 km)热液的特征。H-O同位素组成(δDH2O集中在-88.8‰~-81.1‰;δ18OH2O在-0.4‰~+7.6‰)显示成矿初始流体以变质水为主,随着流体向上运移不排除有岩浆水和大气降水的加入。Pb同位素组成显示成矿物质来源于浅部上地壳及造山带内;S同位素组成集中(11.4‰~13.4‰),与凤太盆地内泥盆系沉积岩控金矿相似,且与全球范围内泥盆系控矿造山型金矿组成吻合,反映出泥盆系地层为成矿提供了硫源;热液期黄铁矿原位微量元素分析显示左家庄金矿成矿流体富集Au、As、Cu、Sb、Ag、Pb、Bi等元素,该元素组合与前人分析凤太盆地内泥盆系地层(尤其是中、上泥盆统界面)富集元素特征一致。上述分析一致表明泥盆系地层是左家庄金矿成矿物质来源理想场所。多元同位素对比分析表明,左家庄金矿与凤太盆地内其他金矿在成矿流体及成矿物质来源上具有统一性,但是在矿化形式上有显著区别,其差异可能与二者赋矿围岩性质不同有关。成矿流体沿断裂向上运移过程中,当遇到上泥盆统渗透性较高的千枚岩时发生水岩反应,形成以微细浸染状矿化为主的金矿;当碰到岩体内脆性剪切破碎带时,由于压力释放,流体沸腾,导致矿质迅速沉淀在张性破碎带内,形成石英硫化物脉型左家庄金矿。通过与典型造山型金矿成矿特征对比分析,认为左家庄金矿可划归为浅成造山型金矿床。     

黔南坳陷下寒武统牛蹄塘组泥页岩埋藏史与热史研究——以贵都地1井为例

下寒武统牛蹄塘组是黔南坳陷最重要的页岩气目标层之一.为探究牛蹄塘组泥页岩的生烃演化史,文章以黔南坳陷贵都地1井为研究对象,通过对该区油气地质、地球化学分析,运用盆地模拟技术等方法,对贵都地1井牛蹄塘组埋藏史与热史进行重建.结果表明:牛蹄塘组泥页岩具有较高的有机质丰度,有机质类型为I型,已达到过成熟阶段,整体具有一定的生...     

1960—2009年北京地区城市化背景下蒸发皿蒸发量的时空变化

利用1960—2009年北京地区20个气象台站的观测资料,分析 了北京城区和郊区蒸发皿蒸发量的季节和年际变化趋势和特点,并探讨了城市化对北京地区局地气候的影响。结果表明：近50 a 北京地区蒸发量有明显减小趋势,城区和郊区变化趋势分别为-881 mm/10a和-760 mm/10a。受城市化影响,北京城 区蒸发量的变化主要与降水、日照时数、最低气温、气温日较差和平均风速的变化有关;郊区蒸发量的变化主要受相对湿度、日照 时数、平均风速和空气饱和差的变化影响。总体而言,相对湿度、日照时数、最低气温、气温日较差和平均风速的变化对北京地区 蒸发量的变化有显著影响。