祁连山西段玉门断裂晚第四纪活动特征及相关问题的讨论

新的证据显示,位于祁连山西段酒西盆地南部的玉门断裂的最新活动时代为晚更新世末,并兼有一定的走滑分量.这一结果表明,酒西盆地块体周边断裂的活动具有同时性的特点,酒西盆地块体可能发生过顺时针旋转.     

Application of fault diagnosis method in earthquake prediction

Thedevelopmentandthevariationoftheearthquakeprocessisaverycomplicatedoneandaffectedandlimitedbymanyfactors.Thekeyoftheaccuratepredictionistosetupadynamiccomprehensivepredictionmodelbasedonthecomprehensionoftheprecursorcharacteristicandtheattentionofthevariationwithtimeofthesefactors.Inthispaper,wetrytoapplythefaultdiagnosistectonictoeanhquakeprediction.Thefaultdiagnosistectonicisanapplicableboundaryscience.Thebasicideaistojudgeifthefaultoccurinthesystemandtodeterminewhereandwhenthefaultoccuran…     

山东省土壤地球化学基准值

自2003年开始,历时15余年,在山东省开展了深层土壤地球化学调查,基本查明了全省土壤地球化学基准值。深层土壤样品采样密度为1点/4 km~2,16 km~2组合成1件分析样,分析测试Ag,As,Au,B等54项指标;统计并研究了这些指标土壤地球化学参数,确定了山东省土壤地球化学基准值,为山东省基础地质研究及地质找矿与区划等提供了基础数据。     

西北太平洋鲐鱼渔场的时空分布及其与海表温度和叶绿素浓度的关系

鲐鱼(Scomber japonicus)是西北太平洋的重要捕捞对象,其分布易受环境变化的影响。为定量分析海表温度和叶绿素浓度等影响因子对渔场分布的作用,文章采用产量重心、地统计插值和广义加性模型等方法,结合2017年西北太平洋2艘灯光敷网渔船的渔捞日志和海洋环境数据,探究该海域的渔场分布变化。研究结果表明：鲐鱼产量和单位捕捞努力量渔获量（CPUE）呈先上升后下降的趋势,其中7月的产量最高,9月的CPUE最高;产量重心于4-9月由SW方向向NE方向移动,并于9-12月返回SW方向;鲐鱼渔场的最适海表温度为14℃～16℃,最适叶绿素a浓度为0.4～1.0 mg/m3;叶绿素a浓度对渔场分布无显著影响,可能与鲐鱼摄食对象的特性有关。     

内蒙古乌梁素海不同形态氮的时空分布

为揭示不同形态氮在乌梁索海空间分布特征及变化规律,运用ArcGIS统计模块分析了2006-2007年乌梁素海不同形态氮浓度的时空变异.研究表明:乌梁素海水体中各监测点总氮浓度夏、冬季高,秋季低,季节性差异较为明显;秋、冬季氨氮平均浓度明显高于夏季;不同季节亚硝态氮平均浓度明显高于硝态氮.在空间分布上,乌梁索海不同形态氮浓度分布呈现出由北向南逐渐降低的趋势.总之,乌梁索海氮素污染问题已十分严重,主要污染源为河套灌区农田排水、沿总干渠区域的工业废水和生活污水,随水体的流动氮污染减少,但某些区域因芦苇、水革密集而使不同形态氮有不同程度的增减.     

利用EMD和子波振幅谱与相位谱关系的时变子波提取方法

本文首先分析了地震波在黏弹介质的传播规律,基于黏弹介质地震波动方程总结了时变子波振幅谱和相位谱的关系,从而得出结论,准确估计子波相位谱初值和不同时刻的子波振幅谱是实现时变子波准确提取的必要条件.在此基础上,针对传统方法限制子波振幅谱形态且受限于分段平稳假设的问题,提出了一种利用EMD(Empirical Mode Decomposition)和子波振幅谱与相位谱关系的时变子波提取方法,根据子波对数振幅谱光滑连续而反射系数对数振幅谱振荡剧烈的特点,采用EMD方法将不同时刻地震记录的对数振幅谱分解为一组具有不同振荡尺度的模态分量,通过滤除振荡剧烈分量、重构光滑连续分量提取时变子波振幅谱;再应用子波振幅谱和相位谱的关系提取时变子波相位谱,将分别提取的振幅谱和相位谱逐点进行合成,最终实现时变子波的准确提取.本文方法不需要求取Q值,适用于变Q值的情况,具有良好的抗噪性能.数值仿真和叠后实际资料处理结果表明,相比传统的分段提取方法,利用本文方法提取的时变子波准确度更高,研究成果对提高地震资料分辨率具有重要意义.     

深远海养殖工船最小推进功率研究

针对十万吨级深远海养殖工船在波浪中的阻力和运动响应开展了船模试验与模拟计算,并对其最小推进功率进行了校核。以试验流体力学（EFD）模型试验与模型尺度计算流体力学（CFD）模拟计算的结果进行对比作为方法验证,将实尺度CFD模拟计算的结果直接用于最小推进功率的校核。结果显示,EFD模型试验结果与模型尺度CFD计算结果误差在10%左右,计算精度满足工程要求。在规定的恶劣海况下该船型波浪增阻占总阻力的比例最高可达56.3%,螺旋桨转矩可达最大转矩的63.9%。等级2简化评估法得到的最小推进功率为等级1线评估法给出的最小功率线值的58.9%。研究表明实尺度CFD模拟计算可直接用于船舶最小推进功率的校核,此深远海养殖工船使用等级2简化评估方法进行校核更容易满足规范要求,其最小推进功率应不小于6 833 kW。     

大型围填海工程海洋生态修复实践与探索

文章依据大型围填海工程的主要生态问题,从生境和海洋生物生态两个方面考虑,分析了大型围填海工程海洋生态修复的重点。以福建省宁德市三屿工业区为例,探讨了三屿工业区生态修复的目标、构建了区域生态安全格局,分析了湿地公园建设、自然保护区养殖清退、红树林异地补植、生态海堤建设等具体的生态修复方案和实施效果。可为大型围填海工程海洋生态问题的识别与生态修复重点的确定提供技术支撑,有利于减轻大型围填海工程带来的负面影响,促进大型围填海工程海洋生态修复工作的开展,促进海洋生态系统保护,维护区域生态安全格局,具有较好的应用价值和实践意义。     

DEFORMATION OF THE BRITTLE-PLASTIC TRANSITION ZONE AT THE POST-SEISMIC RELAXATION PERIOD: A CASE STUDY OF THE RED RIVER FAULT

The transition from microscopic brittle deformation to microscopic plastic deformation is called brittle-plastic transition, which is considered as a key layer for determining the limit of lower continental crust seismicity. The depth and deformation mechanism of the brittle-plastic transition zone is controlled mainly by temperature. Besides, the strain rate and fluid pore pressure also affect the transition during the different deformation stages at the seismic cycle. In this paper, microstructure observation of catalcastic samples collected from the Red River Fault was carried out using optical polarized microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The morphology, microstructures of deformation characteristics, mineral composition, water-rock reaction, pressure solution, exsolution, crack healing in the samples were systematically observed. The mineral components quantitative analyses were examined using the EDS. Water-rock reaction and pressure solution were systematically observed under SEM. The fabric of the main minerals in the samples was measured using electron backscattered diffraction(EBSD). Based on these analyses, the deformation mode was setup for the brittle-plastic transition zone of the fault during the post-seismic relaxation period. Both brittle deformation and plastic deformation were developed in the cataclastic samples. EBSD data shows that the c axial fabrics of quartz present low-temperature plastic deformation characteristics. The feldspar deformed as cataclastic rock, and the micro-fracture in feldspar was healed by static recrystallized quartz and calcite veins. The calcite vein underwent plastic deformation, which represents the post-seismic relaxation deformation. Based on the analysis of deformation mechanism of cataclastic samples in brittle-plastic transition zone of the Red River Fault, and combined with previous studies, we concluded that the brittle fracture and fracture healing is the main deformation mode at brittle-plastic transition zone in the post-seismic relaxation. High stress and high strain rate at post-seismic relaxation lead to brittle fracture of high-strength minerals such as feldspar in rocks. Plastic deformation occurs in low-strength minerals such as quartz and mica. Under the fluid condition, micro-fractures were healed by quartz and calcite. The minerals such as quartz and calcite in the fracture transformed from static recrystallization to dynamic recrystallization with stress gradually accumulating. With fracture healing and stress accumulation, the fault strength gradually increases which could accumulate energy for the next earthquake.