基于虚拟观测的病态问题解法

在大地测量数据处理领域中,处理病态问题的主要方法有:岭估计方法、奇异值分解法(SVD)、Tik-honov正则化方法等,但是这些方法大多数是强调数学上的意义,没有充分联系大地测量的实际情况,因此不利于在测绘领域病态问题本质的理解和研究。为使病态问题的求解具有实际的物理意义,提出了基于虚拟观测的岭估计方法。该方法将先验约束条件作为一类互相独立的虚拟观测值,从而把病态问题转化为测量平差问题,然后运用Helmert方差估计法来确定岭参数。该方法还可以得到的参数之间的权矩阵,用它来代替虚拟观测值的权矩阵,重新对参数进行计算,则实现了该方法向广义岭估计的推广。实际算例分析的结果表明该方法不仅计算简单而且能保证结果精确。     

土壤、大气尘中晶体的组成及其物源指示意义——以长沙、株洲和湘潭地区为例

基于长沙、株洲和湘潭地区大气尘(可吸入颗粒和近地表积尘)和表层土壤的X-射线衍射(XRD)分析数据,采用微量相鉴定方法获得的结果显示,大气尘和表层土壤中包含石英、石膏、方解石、白云石、硫酸镉等自然矿物及SiS_2、NiTi、Cd_3As_2、FeOCl等非自然源晶体。比较了长沙、株洲、湘潭地区大气尘与表层土壤的晶体组成,分析了大气尘矿物及非自然源晶体的空间分布,探讨了其环境指示意义。     

重金属离子在胡敏酸-高岭石复合体上的吸附

本文研究了胡敏酸存在下高岭石对重金属离子的吸附行为。实验结果表明:①胡敏酸和Cu2 溶液按先后顺序或同时加入高岭石中反应,在Cu2 平衡浓度<10mg/L时,3种加入顺序对Cu2 的吸附量基本相同,当Cu2 平衡浓度>10mg/L时,(K Cu) HA和(K Cu HA)两种加入顺序对Cu2 的吸附量比(K HA) Cu的略大。②在pH=5时,胡敏酸-高岭石复合体对Cu2 的吸附量明显大于纯高岭石。这是由于胡敏酸含有大量的羧基和酚羟基等活性基团,吸附在高岭石上的胡敏酸增加了其表面吸附位,在复合体表面形成了S—HA—Cu三元配合物,且Cu2 的吸附量与复合体中胡敏酸的含量在一定范围内成正相关;③溶液pH值在4～7之间变化可调控复合体对Cu2 的吸附机制。④在Cu2 和Cd2 共存时,随着金属离子初始浓度的增大,Cu2 的吸附量呈直线上升,而Cd2 的吸附量增加缓慢,表明复合体对Cu2 的吸附能力比对Cd2 强。     

巴颜喀拉山西段二叠纪古海山的发现及意义

在巴颜喀拉盆地西段黄羊岭组中发现了一个长约3km、厚约1295m的玄武岩 碳酸盐岩的隆起建造,具有3个由玄武岩基底加碳酸盐岩盖层组成的双层剖面结构。隆起建造中海相沉积物由下至上从深海相渐变为浅海相,生物化石由浮游生物组合演变为浅海造礁生物组合。通过与现代海山的对比,证实巴颜喀拉西段发现的隆起建造属古海山堆积,根据化石的时代确定其为中二叠世的古海山,暗示巴颜喀拉盆地在中二叠世以前存在一个古大洋,其后古大洋逐渐俯冲消减,演化为残留洋盆地,这对巴颜喀拉盆地地质构造演化的研究和构造属性的厘定具有重要意义。     

Member 1 of Yongji Formation (Ey1) sedimentary characteristics and its origin analysis in Yitong Graben

Ey1 has the unique desultory-weak or gap seismic reflection structure as its one of the most important characteristics. It is very important to clarify sedimentary characteristics and its origin for Yitong Graben and its sedimentary facies and tectonic evolution. On the basis of the research of core analyses, well logging data analyses, sedimentary facies analyses and seismic reflection structure analyses, the authors have concluded the sedimentary characteristics of Ey1, and have carried out Ey1 sedimentary environments and its origin. The result shows that Ey1 desultory-weak or gap seismic reflection may be a series of small scale secondary sediment fans superimposition.     

基于小波变换和HIS变换的海冰SAR与光学遥感影像融合方法研究

Sea ice as a disaster has recently attracted a great deal of attention in China. Its monitoring has become a routine task for the maritime sector. Remote sensing, which depends mainly on SAR and optical sensors, has become the primary means for sea-ice research. Optical images contain abundant sea-ice multi-spectral information, whereas SAR images contain rich sea-ice texture information. If the characteristic advantages of SAR and optical images could be combined for sea-ice study, the ability of sea-ice monitoring would be improved. In this study, in accordance with the characteristics of sea-ice SAR and optical images, the transformation and fusion methods for these images were chosen. Also, a fusion method of optical and SAR images was proposed in order to improve sea-ice identification. Texture information can play an important role in sea-ice classification. Haar wavelet transformation was found to be suitable for the sea-ice SAR images, and the texture information of the sea-ice SAR image from Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar(ASAR) loaded on ENVISAT was documented. The results of our studies showed that, the optical images in the hue-intensity-saturation(HIS) space could reflect the spectral characteristics of the sea-ice types more efficiently than in the red-green-blue(RGB) space, and the optical image from the China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite(CBERS-02B) was transferred from the RGB space to the HIS space. The principal component analysis(PCA) method could potentially contain the maximum information of the sea-ice images by fusing the HIS and texture images. The fusion image was obtained by a PCA method, which included the advantages of both the sea-ice SAR image and the optical image. To validate the fusion method, three methods were used to evaluate the fused image, i.e., objective, subjective, and comprehensive evaluations. It was concluded that the fusion method proposed could improve the ability of image interpretation and sea-ice identification.     

吕宋海峡内波吸引子的三维数值模拟

Internal waves propagate along wave beams that are inclined with respect to the horizontal plane. It is conjectured that the internal waves generated in the Luzon Strait may be confined between the double ridges in the strait and concentrate to a closed trajectory, the so-called internal wave attractor, due to the reflection of wave beams from the lateral boundaries, sea surface and bottom. This work carried out two experiments using a three dimensional non-hydrostatic general circulation model, MITgcm, to investigate the possibility that the ridges in the Luzon Strait allows for internal wave attractors. Baroclinic current in both of the experiments demonstrate the forming of ring-like patterns in some section around 20° and 21°N, indicating that the development of the internal wave attractors are allowed in the Luzon Strait. The different resolutions and initial conditions in the two experiments also reveal that the internal-wave-attractor phenomenon is robust in this region.     

Impacts of anthropogenic activities on the Changjiang(Yangtze)estuarine ecosystem(1998–2012)

Estuarine ecosystem has greatly changed in the recent decades due to anthropogenic perturbations in the Changjiang Estuary. Change patterns and impact factors were analyzed based on the continuous data...     

中国鲎基因组微卫星富集文库的构建及分析

本研究旨在从DNA分子水平上研究中国鲎(Tachypleus tridentatus)种群遗传多样性及种群结构等相关信息,以期为保护其野生群体种质资源提供科学依据。本研究通过生物素—磁珠富集法筛选微卫星标记,构建中国鲎基因组微卫星文库。基因组DNA经Fast Digest Tru1I酶切后,选取400 bp~1000 bp片段,用生物素标记的(GT)15、(CT)15混合探针与其杂交,杂交复合物与链霉亲和素磁珠结合,捕获含有重复序列的微卫星片段,纯化后连接PMD19-T载体克隆,构建基因组微卫星文库。从334个阳性克隆中随机选取196个片段大于400 bp的阳性克隆进行测序,共获得127个微卫星序列,其中完美型占69.3%、非完美型占11.0%、复合型占19.7%。除探针使用的GT和CT的重复序列外,还筛选到多碱基GCT、TGG、AAAC、ACAA、GATTT、TTTTA的重复序列。根据微卫星序列设计选择合成40对引物,结果显示其中3对具有较高多态性,可作为进一步评价中国鲎野生种质资源等遗传信息的有效遗传标记。     

裂片石莼营养价值的评价及其多糖制备的初步研究

对采自福建的野生裂片石莼(Ulva fasciata)进行了分类学鉴定和营养价值评估;采用微波加热新方法,进一步研究了裂片石莼多糖提取工艺。研究结果表明,裂片石莼的总糖、粗蛋白质、总氨基酸和总脂含量分别为34.38%、27.60%、25.20%、11.70%;其必需氨基酸含量为10.0%,氨基酸比值系数分(SRC)=79.77;裂片石莼的重金属元素含量达到国家海藻制品的限量标准。研究结果还表明,通过正交实验优化微波加热提取工艺,与传统加热提取工艺相比,裂片石莼多糖的得率提高了21.35%,而耗能降低了58.51%。