遗传算法在边坡数值计算中的应用

改进了进化方向的遗传算法与有限元数值法，结合并研制了相应的软件。应用该软件对多类型岩土边坡进行弹性模量、内聚力、内摩擦角等参数反演分析，显示误差很小，收敛速度也很快，这说明改进进化方向遗传算法这种新型的优化算法在多类型岩土参数优化估计中具有独特的优势。     

青藏块体7级地震相互关系研究初步

对1910年以来缅甸转换构造区、滇西南旋转构造域等区域的7级地震与青藏块体7级地震的相互关系进行研究，结果显示，青藏块体7级地震之间具有明显的时空关联性；地震活动的主要特点表现为时间上的成丛性、空间上的迁移性及丛内迁移的有序性；大部分地震丛以缅甸转换构造区或滇西南地区7级以上地震为牵头地震，沿两条路线向南北带及西藏地区迁移，具有较为完整的活动图像。     

耗能减震结构的受力分析与层间弹塑性变形简化计算方法

本文研究了安装粘弹性耗能器结构在常遇地震作用下层间最大剪力的分配情况 ,给出了层间最大剪力在结构构件与耗能器之间按刚度分配原则进行假想分配后 ,所得假想层间构件力与层间最大构件力之间的关系 ,以及假想层间附加力与层间最大附加力之间的关系 ,探讨了罕遇地震作用下安装粘弹性耗能器结构与安装软钢耗能器结构的层间弹塑性变形简化计算方法。     

Modes of raising northeastern Tibet probed by explosion seismology

New wide-angle reflection and refraction seismic data provide constraints on the structure of the upper lithosphere, and test models of its evolution to raise the northeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau. Amplitudes observed for reflections from the crust-mantle boundary are sufficiently large to suggest that there is no significant partial melt in the deep crust. The data show an increase of the crustal thickness between terranes from north of the Kun Lun Fault into the Qang Tang of central Tibet, and a contrast among their intracrustal images and compositions. In the north, P and S velocities are consistent with a dominantly felsic composition and show that only the upper crust thickened. South of the Kun Lun Fault a thicker crust made of two layers could result from the superposition of the originally thin crust of the Bayan Har terrane on the lower part of the crust of the domain to the north, which upper crust it shoved and thickened. Different modes of crustal thickening, either by thickening of individual layers or superpositions and imbrication among them appear to work jointly to raise the topography.     

桥梁限位器抗震设计方法研究

本文建立了两跨简支梁桥和五跨多跨刚架桥两结构模型，针对限位器的种类、刚度、强度、安装位置，输入地震动等进行了大量工况下的数值模拟研究。研究表明限位器与柱（框架）的刚度比在0.5-2之间较优。将现有的限位器设计方法应用于两算例结构，对现有限位器设计方法进行了比较研究。     

县域农业生态景观规划与设计——以北京市密云县为例

景观生态学属宏观尺度生态空间研究范畴 ,其理论核心集中表现为空间异质性和生态整体性。景观生态规划与设计是以景观生态学原理为指导 ,进行景观尺度地域生态规划 ,并提出相应的规划与设计方案。该文以景观生态规划的设计原则与方法为指导 ,进行密云县农业生态景观规划与设计 ,最终目的是设计一个可持续发展的县域农业生态景观体系     

滇池农村固体废物和化肥流失治理试验研究

怎样合理处置农村固体废物和减少农田化肥流失一直是农村面源污染控制的难题之一。该研究将农村固体废物的处理与减少化肥施用措施有机结合，利用微生物复合发酵剂和农村固体废物生产活性肥料，开展了一系列农业种植试验和数据监测，在此基础上，提出了一套实用性强、效果好的控制农业固体废物和化肥流失污染的对策措施。     

多维植被信息系统及其应用前景

3S(地理信息系统GIS、遥感RS、全球定位系统GPS)及其相关技术的发展，使得植被信息系统的构建和应用成为可能。早期的植被图没有涉及到高度维和时间维，其应用受到很大的限制。因此有必要建立一种基于时空的多维植被信息系统，它的组成包括地理信息系统GIS、数据处理模块DPM、数据存取模块DAM、植被分析模块VAM和交互显示模块IDM，可用于植被的时空分析、三维景观显示、植被—地形—气候关系研究以及植被综合管理等方面，特别适合于山地植被的研究。多维植被信息系统具备立体直观的用户友好界面和强大的时空数据处理能力，并可通过数据库和网络进行资源共享，使植被研究和管理自动化、无纸化，其应用前景广阔。     

青藏公路铁路沿线生态系统特征及道路修建对其影响

根据2001—08和2002—08月野外调查数据及2001年1：100万中国植被图、1996年1：400万青藏高原植被区划图和2000年青藏铁路沿线自然保护区分布及功能区界调整图，以青藏公路铁路沿线植被生态系统为研究对象，运用ARCVIEW和ARC／INFO软件研究青藏公路铁路建设对沿线生态系统结构的影响，结论如下：①青藏公路铁路南北跨越9个纬度，东西跨越12个经度，共穿越青东祁连山地草原地带、柴达木山地荒漠地带、青南高寒草甸草原地带、羌塘高寒草原地带、果洛那曲高寒灌丛草甸地带和藏南山地灌丛草原地带6个自然区，对植被类型的统计结果显示了地带性。②青藏公路铁路的建设对生态系统产生直接的切割，使景观更加破碎。③青藏公路铁路的建设直接破坏沿线植被生态系统(主要为50m缓冲区内)，年损失总净初级生产量为30504．62t，损失总生物量432919．25～1436104．3t／a。损失总净初级生产量占1km缓冲区年净初级生产量535005．07～535740．11t／a的百分比为5．70％，占10km缓冲区年净初级生产量3408950．45～3810480．92t／a的0．80～0．89％；损失生物量占1km缓冲区生物总量7502971．85～25488342．71t／a的5．70％，占10km缓冲区总生物量43615065．35～164150665．37t／a的0．80％～0．89％。     

Extreme climate events over northern China during the last 50 years

Climate extremes for agriculture-pasture transitional zone, northern China, are analyzed on the basis of daily mean temperature and precipitation observations for 31 stations in the period 1956-2001. Analysis season for precipitation is May-September, i.e., the rainy season. For temperature is the hottest three months, i.e., June through August. Heavy rain events, defined as those with daily precipitation equal to or larger than 50 mm, show no significant secular trend. A jump-like change, however, is found occurring in about 1980. For the period 1980-1993, the frequency of heavy rain events is significantly lower than the previous periods. Simultaneously, the occurring time of heavy rains expanded, commencing about one month early and ending one month later. Long dry spells are defined as those with longer than 10 days without rainfall. The frequency of long dry spells displays a significant (at the 99% confidence level) trend at the value of +8.3%/10a. That may be one of the major causes of the frequent droughts emerging over northern China during the last decades. Extremely hot and low temperature events are defined as the uppermost 10% daily temperatures and the lowest 10% daily temperatures, respectively. There is a weak and non-significant upward trend in frequency of extremely high temperatures from the 1950s to the mid-1990s. But the number of hot events increases as much as twice since 1997. That coincides well with the sudden rise in mean summer temperature for the same period. Contrary to that, the frequency of low temperature events have been decreasing steadily since the 1950s, with a significant linear trend of -15%/10a.