Wenchuan Earthquake： Way of thinking is changed

On 12 May, 2008, at 14：28：04 local time, an Ms 8.0 earthquake struck the Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province, in southwest China （Figure 1）. This quake left about 70,000 people dead, 18,000 missing and over 370,000 injured. In the 75 days after the main shock, 20,000 aftershocks were recorded, which included 241 with Ms≥4.0, 205 with 4.0≤M≤4.9, 30 with 5.0≤Ms≤5.9, and 6 with Ms≥6.0. The largest aftershock took place 13 days after the main shock, in Qingchuan County, 110 km northeast of the epicenter of the quake （Chen, 2008）. The losses from the quaketriggered geological disasters accounted for over a third of the total quake losses, which is extremely rare in the history of earthquake disasters. Secondary disasters, such as landslides, rockslides, landfalls, debris flows, etc., were widely distributed. Large numbers of buildings collapsed, including ones with steel reinforcing in the area of the epicenter. Infrastructure was badly damaged. In many areas, communications, and power and water supplies were cut off. The earthquake left over 35 large quake-dammed lakes, which threatened further disasters in the catchment areas.     

High‐pressure metamorphism in Taiwan: from oceanic subduction to arc‐continent collision?

Abstract The Taiwan orogen has been the focus of a number of models of mountain building processes, but little attention has been paid to high‐pressure (HP) metamorphic rocks that are found as exotic blocks intermingled within the deepest units of the mountain belt. In this study, we re‐appraise from updated petrological and thermodynamic databases the physical conditions of HP metamorphism in Taiwan, and we combine our findings with available geochronological data to estimate the thermal history of these rocks. Our results indicate that peak metamorphic conditions of ～550 °C and 10–12 kbar have been followed by a rapid isothermal decompression, with exhumation possibly as rapid as burial. These units have subsequently been stored at a pressure of ～3 kbar for ～4–5 Myr, before their final exhumation, probably facilitated by the accretion of passive margin sequences during the Late Cenozoic collision. Therefore, HP units in Taiwan maintain a record of processes at depth from the early stages of oceanic subduction to the present arc‐continent collision.     

无定河流域下游段河冰形成演变的数学模型研究

冰凌是北方河流冬春季常见的现象, 由于环境因素的变化, 河道冰情也在不断的变化, 甚至在一些地区出现凌汛灾害. 根据冰塞形成发展的机理, 利用水力学模型和热力学模型模拟研究了无定河流域下游段丁家沟至白家川的每年春季河流水位、封河日期和开河日期. 模拟结果较为理想, 并分析了形成凌汛的原因, 旨在给该区域水循环研究、水资源的开发利用、水土保持等工作提供有力的科学技术支持.     

高寒地区傍河型地下水水源地论证

地下水水源地论证是新建和扩建地下水水源地的前提,高寒地区傍河型地下水水源地论证在关注地下水质量和允许开采量的同时,非常注重水源地含水层开采对水环境及其它用水户的影响.本文以黑龙江省孙吴县热电厂供水水源地为例,从论证目标、约束条件和论证方法等方面对高寒地区傍河型地下水水源地进行了论证.结果表明,高寒地区傍河型浅薄含水层地下水水源地的补给来源在冬季主要为含水层侧向径流补给;孙吴县热电厂供水水源地可以满足热电厂正常运转对水质和水量的要求,并且不会对区域水资源和其它用水户产生影响.     

滇西点苍山—哀牢山变质岩系锆石SHRIMP定年及其地质意义

滇西点苍山和哀牢山主体分别由下元古界苍山群和哀牢山群深变质岩系组成,被认为是前寒武纪结晶基底。选取点苍山的花岗闪长质糜棱岩(DCS-1)和哀牢山元江段黑云母花岗闪长质片麻岩(SM07-1)之中的锆石进行U-Pb SHRIMP定年。样品DCS-1和SM07-1测年结果分别为233±2.6Ma和239.8±2.8Ma。结合前人对滇西地区花岗质岩类所做的研究,揭示滇西地区在三叠纪经历一期在空间上广泛分布的岩浆事件,点苍山花岗质糜棱岩和哀牢山花岗质片麻岩的原岩为三叠纪侵位的花岗岩,其构造环境属于大陆裂谷,反映了滇西地区在三叠纪地壳物质的重新调整,而该变质岩系不是前寒武纪的结晶基底,其变质作用与山体出露地表过程和新生代构造作用有关。     

敦化盆地上侏罗统-上新统地层划分对比讨论

利用野外资料、地震资料、煤田钻孔资料以及古生物资料,对松辽盆地外围探区敦化盆地的代表性地层划分方案进行了梳理,通过敦化盆地与周缘盆地之间的对比和分析,得出下列认识:(1)明确了珲春组的时代为始新世—渐新世;(2)指出白垩系上统龙井组地层在敦化盆地内可能是不存在的;(3)将原帽儿山组上段和下段分别划归泉水村组和长财组;(4)认为大砬子组、泉水村组、长财组和屯田营组在敦化盆地内是存在的,并通过盆间岩性地层和古生物地层对比指出大砬子组的时代可能为早白垩世阿普特期(Aptian)—阿尔布期(Albian),长财组时代可能为早白垩世贝利阿斯期—阿普特期;(5)对敦化盆地内几个地方地层名称的使用进行了修正;(6)建立了敦化盆地内目前可供参考使用的地层序列。     

地下管线内损伤电视检测系统的研制

介绍了地下管线内损伤电视检测系统的基本结构、工作原理、主要技术参数及其现场试验情况。     

采用碳氮稳定同位素技术对黄海中南部鳗鱼食性的研究

根据2005年4～5月在黄海和长江口海域进行的春季底拖网调查，应用稳定同位素方法研究了黄海中南部鯷鱼（Engraulis　japonicus）及其可能摄食饵料的碳氮稳定同位素比值，结果表明：（1）黄海中南部鯷鱼的食物组成为不同粒径的浮游动物、太平洋磷虾（Euphausia pacifuca）和仔稚鱼，其中以粒径为500-900μm的浮游动物为主，贡献比例占61％～84％；仔稚鱼贡献比例占16％～21％，较传统胃含物方法分析的结果小；（2）黄海中部海域鯷鱼的碳氮稳定同位素比值平均值较南部海域高，原因可能与各海域的能量来源不同或存在微食物环有关，也可能与不同海域鯷鱼的能量转换途径不一样，即与食物链长短不一有关．     

UV-B辐射对海洋微藻抗氧化系统的影响

研究了UV－B辐射对两种海洋微藻－小新月菱形藻（Ntzschia closterlum)和亚心形扁藻（Platymonas subcordiforming)的抗氧化系统的影响。结果表明：在本实验的辐射剂量范围内，随着UV－B辐射剂量的增强，两种藻的抗氧化防御系统的非酶性组分还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）和类胡萝卜素（CAR）的含量随之下降；抗氧化防御系统的酶性组分超氧化歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性逐渐降低。加入外源性抗氧化剂GSH可减轻UV－B辐射对藻的伤害。分析表明海洋微藻的UV－B伤害是由于抗氧化防御系统遭到破坏而导致活性氧积累的结果。     

中太平洋西部深海沉积物中的火山碎屑与粘土矿物

对于太平洋深海沉积物的研究虽有很久的历史(如1873-1876年“挑战者”号的科学考察),但对该区开展深入系统的岩石学和矿物学研究却是六十年代以后的事.随着研究手段的发展和进步,已积累了关于该区深海沉积物的大量资料.目前我国的海洋工作者也正在努力开展这方面的科学研究工作.