C60全珊瑚海水混凝土的钢筋锈蚀行为研究

采用线性极化电阻法,测试了C60全珊瑚海水混凝土（coral aggregate seawater concrete,简称CASC）的线性极化曲线、自腐蚀电位（E_corr）和极化电阻（R_p）,研究了不同暴露时间、不同种类钢筋CASC的钢筋腐蚀行为,提出了提升岛礁CASC结构耐久性的建议措施。结果表明：随着暴露时间的延长,CASC的E_corr和R_p均逐渐降低,钢筋的耐蚀性能逐渐减弱。不同种类钢筋CASC耐蚀性能规律为：316不锈钢筋优于有机新涂层钢筋,优于普通钢筋。即使暴露0 d,CASC中普通钢筋仍会发生锈蚀,表明普通钢筋在不附加任何防腐措施的条件下不适用于岛礁CASC结构。综合分析阻锈效果和成本因素,316不锈钢筋的性价比明显低于有机新涂层钢筋,建议岛礁CASC工程优先选用有机新涂层钢筋。     

Palaeogeographical changes in response to glacial–interglacial cycles,as recorded in Middle and Late Pleistocene seismic stratigraphy,southern North Sea

Offshore stratigraphic records from the North Sea contain information to reconstruct palaeo-ice-sheet extent and understand sedimentary processes and landscape response to Pleistocene glacial–interglacial cycles. We document three major Middle to Late Pleistocene stratigraphic packages over a 401-km² area (Norfolk Vanguard/Boreas Offshore Wind Farm), offshore East Anglia, UK, through the integration of 2D seismic, borehole and cone penetration test data. The lowermost unit is predominantly fluviatile [Yarmouth Roads Formation, Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 19–13], including three northward-draining valleys. The middle unit (Swarte Bank Formation) records the southernmost extent of tunnel valley-fills in this area of the North Sea, providing evidence for subglacial conditions most likely during the Anglian stage (MIS 12) glaciation. The Yarmouth Roads and Swarte Bank deposits are truncated and overlain by low-energy estuarine silts and clays (Brown Bank Formation; MIS 5d–4). Smaller scale features, including dune-scale bedforms, and abrupt changes in cone penetration test parameters, provide evidence for episodic changes in relative sea level within MIS 5. The landscape evolution recorded in deposits of ~MIS 19–5 are strongly related to glacial–interglacial cycles, although a distinctive aspect of this low-relief ice-marginal setting are opposing sediment transport directions under contrasting sedimentary process regimes.     

柴达木盆地北缘果可山石英闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年及其成因

柴达木盆地北缘果可山地区石英闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年获得的206 Pb/238 U加权平均年龄为247±3 Ma。石英闪长岩由斜长石(55%~60%)、石英(15%~20%)、角闪石(10%~15%)和黑云母(5%~10%)组成,属准铝质-弱过铝质系列(A/CNK=0.95~1.02),具有I型花岗岩特征。样品富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素(K、Rb、Cs、Ba、Th等),相对亏损重稀土元素和高场强元素(Nb、Ta、P、Ti等),类似弧岩浆岩。样品中MgO含量(2.04%~2.44%)和Mg#值(48.9~51.9)均高于变玄武岩/变泥岩在1~4GPa压力下部分熔融形成的熔体,且包含大量暗色包体,这暗示它们可能是由角闪岩相下地壳部分熔融产生的岩浆和富集地幔来源的岩浆发生混合而成。低的锆石Ti温度和高Ce~(4+)/Ce~(3+)比值,表明其结晶自低温、高氧逸度岩浆,岩浆形成过程中可能有富水熔体/流体的加入。在花岗岩构造环境判别图解上,样品均落在火山弧环境;同时,样品La/Nb比值(2.27~2.64)与活动大陆边缘区高La/Nb比值(2.0)特征相吻合。结合区域地质背景分析,我们认为果可山石英闪长岩形成于古特提斯洋向北俯冲的活动大陆边缘弧环境。     

Understanding the fate of iron in a modern temperate estuary: Leirárvogur,Iceland

Fluvial dissolved Fe concentrations decrease upon mixing with seawater, resulting in the formation of Fe-floccules. However, a clear understanding of the fate of these floccules has yet to be established. Assessing how tidal processes affect the formation of Fe-colloids in the Leirárvogur estuary, SW Iceland, is an important step in understanding the formation and potential deposition of estuarine Fe-rich minerals within this estuarine system. The Leirárvogur estuary drains predominately Fe-rich basalt, increasing the likelihood of detecting changes in Fe-phases. Fluvial waters and local lake waters that drain into the estuary were compared and the effects of seasonal changes were considered, in an attempt to understand how varying end-members and external factors play a role in Fe-rich mineral formation. Aqueous and colloidal Fe concentrations were found to be greater towards the head of the Leirárvogur estuary, suggesting that potential Fe-rich minerals and complexes are forming at sites of fluvial input. Increasing suspended colloidal Fe towards the estuary mouth suggests that Fe-colloids are readily transported seaward.     

高寒山区退耕地不同植被恢复方式下群落稳定性

稳定的群落结构是退耕地生态系统恢复的主要标志之一.以祁连山东段旱泉沟流域退耕区为例,采用野外调查和室内分析相结合的方法,研究了建植6 a的人工草地群落稳定性,结果表明:人工草地在短期内形成了不同于撂荒地的植被格局,草地群落盖度、高度和地上生物量特性明显优于撂荒地和天然草地,部分人工草地物种丰富度和多样性高于撂荒地,功能群结构仍以多年生禾草占优势,无芒雀麦+紫花苜蓿混播草地多样性指数低,处于高产和稳定阶段;各草地根系主要分布在0～10 cm土层,不同草地类型0～20 cm土壤含水量变化最大,4种人工草地对土壤水分的影响表现为提高30～50 cm土层的水分含量,在水分涵蓄方面优于撂荒地.但与天然草地相比未形成密丛型禾草,群落稳定性差,草地群落的演替方向具有不确定性.     

川东北地区长兴组-飞仙关组固体沥青的形貌特征与成因分析

利用扫描电镜观察川东北某地区上二叠统、下三叠统储层固体沥青时,发现固体沥青与显微镜下的无定形、它形充填构造不同,按其外形可分为皮壳状、葡萄状、瘤状、蠕虫状和柿饼状5种类型。其中皮壳状、葡萄状沥青分布在飞仙关组,瘤状、蠕虫状和柿饼状沥青分布在长兴组。根据固体沥青内部鳞片状结构和球粒中间相结构推测其已达高演化阶段。     

Sedimentological criteria to differentiate submarine channel levee subenvironments: Exhumed examples from the Rosario Fm. (Upper Cretaceous) of Baja California, Mexico, and the Fort Brown Fm. (Permian), Karoo Basin, S. Africa

Two scales of levee confinement are commonly recognised from submarine channel-levee systems on the seafloor and in the subsurface. Large-scale external levees bound the entire system whilst smaller-scale internal levees bound individual thalweg channels within the channel-belt. Although thin beds are commonly identified in core and well logs, their origin, and consequently their stratigraphic significance is currently poorly understood. This knowledge gap stems, in part, from the lack of unambiguously identified outcrop analogues of channel-levees, and in particular the lack of identifiable internal and external levees. Here we report from two exhumed channel-levee systems where both scales of confinement can be recognised: the Rosario Fm. of Baja California, and the Fort Brown Fm. of South Africa. A suite of characteristic sedimentary features are recognised from internal and external levees respectively: internal levees are characterised by structures indicative of complexity in the waxing-waning style of overspill, interactions with topography and flow magnitude variability; in contrast, external levees are characterised by structures indicative of simple surge-like waning flows, relatively uniform flow directions, laterally extensive beds, and a lack of erosive events. Using these observations, together with published literature, we propose a simple nomenclatural scheme for levee sub-environments, and criteria to differentiate between levee sub-environments in core or outcrop.     

基于遥感数据的温度剖面预报研究

为了提高温度剖面的预报精度,提出了一种基于遥感数据的温度剖面预报方法.文中使用27个实测温度剖面和遥感SST、SSHA数据实现了对温度剖面的预报,并用该点的ARGO数据进行了检验.实验结果表明,将遥感数据同化到温度剖面的预报中是可行的,并能有效的提高温度剖面的预报精度.