基于Fuller投影的六边形球面离散格网生成算法

随着云计算、航天遥感、地理信息、导航等技术的发展,用于空间信息剖分组织的全球多分辨率离散格网模型得到了长足发展。针对已有研究成果和当前研究现状,选取性能优异的六边形作为基本格网单元,Fuller多面体投影作为投影类型,提出了一种基于正八面体构建新型六边形球面离散格网的方法。全文系统地论述了此新型离散格网的生成算法并给出了相应实验结果,最后与基于Snyder等积多面体投影的格网进行比较,得出其特点和应用前景。     

兰州城市人口空间结构演变格局及调控路径

以街道和乡镇层面的人口统计数据为基础,综合应用ArcGIS和GS+Version7等软件对兰州市人口空间演变进行定量分析。结果表明:自1982年至2009年,兰州市人口呈逐年“向心聚集”态势,但不同阶段、不同街区人口空间增长存在显着差异;街道和乡镇人口密度差距逐年增大,高密度街区个数增多、范围扩大;距离人口高密度中心越远,人口密度的正相关性逐渐削弱,负相关性则逐渐增强,空间自相关范围不断增大;人口空间分布整体呈“东密西疏”格局,并呈现“双中心”空间结构。人口的极不均衡分布,带来了环境污染、交通拥挤、住宅紧张、就业困难等一系列问题。通过构建多中心城市结构、调整产业空间布局、平衡配置基础设施和引导人口有序流动等方面进行综合调控,不断优化人口空间分布,保障城市的可持续发展。     

嘉峪关市土地生态安全动态评价及影响因素分析

土地生态安全评价对管控区域生态风险和保障生态安全具有重要意义.基于"数量安全-质量安全-结构安全-保障安全"模型构建指标评价体系,采用相对熵方法进行组合赋权,揭示嘉峪关市土地生态安全的动态变化过程,并运用因子分析法探讨其主要影响因素.结果 表明:(1)2000—2017年,嘉峪关市土地生态安全综合指数呈上升趋势,由20...     

内蒙古苏尼特右旗晚石炭世本巴图组火山岩地球化学特征及构造意义

苏尼特右旗地区本巴图组火山岩主要由玄武安山岩及安山岩组成,含少量英安岩。安山岩的锆石U--Pb 年龄为300. 9 ± 1. 6 Ma。火山岩的化学成分总体具有拉斑系列的低钾、相对富铁的特征,微量元素组成与圣基茨岛弧火山岩十分相似,以轻重稀土的弱分馏、富集不相容元素、相对亏损高场强元素为特征。本巴图组火山岩具Eu 的负异常和贫Sr 特征,指示岩浆演化过程中经历过以斜长石为主的分离结晶作用,这一作用也导致了岩石贫铝、富钠。本巴图组火山岩初始岩浆起源于俯冲地幔楔的部分熔融,其形成与古亚洲洋板块的俯冲作用有关。     

内蒙古土地荒漠化定性定量研究

通过对阴山北麓四旗为期5年的家计的问卷调查,和不同草地的连续样方数据等样本进行分析,对影响草地生物多样性、草地景观、草地生态功能及其生态系统的食物链、能流和物流的干扰因素进行分析,得出阴山北麓四旗土地退化的人文因素。运用现代统计模型计算出各因素所占的比重,并就土地退化的人文因素进行成因分析,得出农业文化入侵是造成土地退化的文化根源,制度安排不合理是其土地退化的制度原因。     

Chemo- and Biostratigraphy of the Jurassic Oil Shales from the Qiangtang Basin, Northern Tibet, China: A Case Study of the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event

The marine oil shales of the Qiangtang Basin, northern Tibet, exposed in the Biluo Co, Tuonamu, Shenglihe and Changsheshan areas are believed to be important petroleum source rocks. This work comprehensively analyzed the carbon isotopes, trace elements, and calcareous nannofosills, ammonites and bivalves of the Biluo Co section in the Qiangtang Basin. The organic carbon isotopes show a positive excursion close to 2.17‰(relative to PDB), which, albeit significantly smaller, may also be associated with other Early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Events(T-OAE) in the European epicontinental seas and the Tethyan continental margins. Coinciding with the Early Toarcian transgression, the oxygen deficiency in bottom water had led to dysoxic-anoxic conditions and deposition of black shales lacking benthic fauna. Under such condition, the redox-sensitive trace metals such as Mo, V, Ni, Cr, and U were enriched, in conjunction with high planktonic productivity of Watznaueriaceae calcareous nannofossils. Comparison of the results with the records of chemo-and biostratigraphy, as well as the palaeogeography during the Early Jurassic suggests that the anoxia linked to the Early Toarcian oceanic anoxic event was mainly caused by the high surface water temperature, sea-level rise and an increase of surface water productivity.     

藏西北革吉县雄巴乡场镇冻土灾害特征及防治措施

近年来,藏西北革吉县雄巴乡场镇内的冻土灾害日趋严重,研究该区冻土灾害的特征、成因及危害,对制定相应的防灾减灾政策具有重要意义.从基本特征、成因条件、风险性及防治措施等方面对雄巴乡场镇的冻土灾害开展了综合研究,认为加剧该区冻土灾害的主要原因是全球气候变暖导致的降雨量增加和气温升高,使场镇内透水性差、不均匀分布的土体含水率...     

兰州城区稳定能量及其与空气污染的关系

从能量学的观点出发，提出了描述地面至特定高度大气层结构稳定度的参数－稳定能量，并给出了具体计算方法。根据1988－1992年兰州气象站逐日08：00（北京时，下同）的探空资料，计算了300－1000m每隔50m共15层的稳定能量。利用同期兰州市环境监测站自动监测系统监测的兰州城区3种主要空气污染物二氧化硫、一氧化碳和氮氧化物（SO2、CO、NOX）的日平均浓度资料，计算了地面气象要素、低空气象参数、低空风和稳定能量等气象因子与SO2、CO、NOX之间的相关。结果表明：（1）用稳定能量来描述低层大气的稳定性更为合理一些；（2）在诸多气象因子中，稳定能量与SO2、CO、NOX浓度之间的相关性最显著；（3）稳定能量的年变化规律与空气污染浓度的年变化规律基本一致；（4）逐月看，各层稳定能量与SO2浓度之间均为正相关，除7月份以外，大多数层次均通过了α＝0．01显著性水平的相关性检验。     

Facies and palaeosol analysis in a progradational distributive fluvial system from the Campanian–Maastrichtian Bauru Group,Brazil

The Upper Cretaceous Bauru Group in south‐east Brazil consists of alluvial strata whose characteristics and distribution indicate a fluvial system developed in a semi‐arid to arid climate. Sections exposed within a 90 000 km² study area in Minas Gerais State (in south‐eastern Brazil) were evaluated using facies and palaeosol analysis to formulate depositional and pedogenic models that may account for geomorphic and climate features. From east to west, the study succession records a gradual decrease in grain size, an increase in the width/thickness ratio in channels, a decrease in the lateral and vertical connectivity of channel deposits, and an increase in overbank deposits. The fluvial architecture indicates a braided channel belt, ephemeral ribbon–channels, and an unconfined fluvial facies from east to west in the study area. The lateral and vertical distribution of facies, stratigraphic architecture and palaeocurrent data suggest proximal, medial and distal portions of a progradational distributive fluvial system. The sedimentary dynamics were marked by the building and abandonment of channels related to processes of aggradation, vegetation growth and palaeosol generation. Macromorphological and micromorphological analyses have identified pedological and mineralogical features that indicate an arid to semi‐arid climate with a provenance from the north‐eastern part of the basin (Alto Paranaiba Uplift). From the proximal to the distal portions of the distributive fluvial system, the palaeosol development is different. In the proximal portion, the palaeosols are absent or poorly developed, allowing a possible general comparison with the present soil order: Inceptisols and Aridisols. In the medial portion of the fluvial system, the palaeosols are well‐developed and characterized by Bt, Btk, C and Ck horizons (Alfisols, Aridisols, Inceptisols and Entisols). Poorly drained to well‐drained palaeosols from the base to the top in the distal plain (Aridisols and Inceptisols) are associated with geomorphic and hydromorphic changes in the fluvial system due to progradational evolution. The genetic relationship between the fluvial architecture and the palaeosols enhances the understanding that the sedimentation and pedogenesis that occurs in different portions of the distributive fluvial system are related to the tectonic and climatic evolution of the basin.     

The effect of snow on Antarctic sea ice simulations in a coupled atmosphere-sea ice model

 The effect of a snow cover on sea ice accretion and ablation is estimated based on the ‘zero-layer’ version sea ice model of Semtner, and is examined using a coupled atmosphere-sea ice model including feedbacks and ice dynamics effects. When snow is disregarded in the coupled model the averaged Antarctic sea ice becomes thicker. When only half of the snowfall predicted by the atmospheric model is allowed to land on the ice surface sea ice gets thicker in most of the Weddell and Ross Seas but thinner in East Antarctic in winter, with the average slightly thicker. When twice as much snowfall as predicted by the atmospheric model is assumed to land on the ice surface sea ice also gets much thicker due to the large increase of snow-ice formation. These results indicate the importance of the correct simulation of the snow cover over sea ice and snow-ice formation in the Antarctic. Our results also illustrate the complex feedback effects of the snow cover in global climate models. In this study we have also tested the use of a mean value of 0.16 Wm^-1 K^-1 instead of 0.31 for the thermal conductivity of snow in the coupled model, based on the most recent observations in the eastern Antarctic and Bellingshausen and Amundsen Seas, and have found that the sea ice distribution changes greatly, with the ice becoming much thinner by about 0.2 m in the Antarctic and about 0.4 m in the Arctic on average. This implies that the magnitude of the thermal conductivity of snow is of considerable importance for the simulation of the sea ice distribution. An appropriate value of the thermal conductivity of snow is as crucial as the depth of the snow layer and the snowfall rate in a sea ice model. The coupled climate models require accurate values of the effective thermal conductivity of snow from observations for validating the simulated sea ice distribution under the present climate conditions. Received: 20 November 1997/Accepted: 27 July 1998