简论矿产资源分类及其意义

本文阐述了矿产资源分类的原则和依据，研讨了几种有争议的矿产资源的分类处理方法，提出了新的分类方案。新方案对于重新认识这些矿产资源，促进其多方面开发、利用等有着重要意义。随着科学的飞速发展，许多矿产的用途不断地发生变化或出现新的应用领域，要及时调整矿产资源分类以与时代发展相匹配。     

玉树Ms7.1级地震甘达村段构造地球化学特征

为探究地震对断层带气体逸出的影响和震后气体地球化学特征随时间的变化,以及地震动力学特征,利用土壤气地球化学方法,于2010年4月14日青海玉树Ms7.1级地震断层甘达村段测量地表破裂特征和震后断层气氡和汞浓度,发现断层带土壤的气氡和汞浓度的平均值分别为9246 Bq/m3和4.2 ng/m3。破裂带中Rn浓度变化幅度大,而Hg的浓度变化较小。断层主滑面附近Rn浓度相对降低,为地表破裂后断层气逃逸所致。泉水气氡观测发现,震前氡浓度增高,表明地震断层活动性增强。因此巴颜喀拉地块向东不均匀挤压,使深部气体沿地震断裂逃逸至地表,这也是造成断层带气氡、汞浓度的增高的原因。     

强降温对设施农业影响风险研究

强降温天气对设施农业生产影响很大、风险较高。为了减少和降低强降温对设施农业的危害,提高设施农业生产应对强降温天气的处置和抗风险能力,采用关中东部设施农业生长季(当年11月—次年4月)11个气象站1961—2015年逐日平均气温、最低气温资料和同期灾情资料,基于ARCGIS平台,研究强降温对设施农业的影响和风险。结果表明:对于设施农业来说,24 h降温≥10℃的高风险区在白水、澄城和合阳,24 h降温≥8℃的高风险区在白水、澄城、合阳、蒲城和潼关。潼关种植设施农业的强降温风险高,不适宜大面积种植设施农业。蒲城设施蔬菜大棚24 h降温8℃的风险高,应采取措施加以应对。对设施农业来说,要高度重视11月和3—4月的强降温天气。另外,1—2月应重视持续低温造成的影响,11—12月要考虑强降温伴随的大风、降雪的综合影响。     

Antarctica and global change

The Antarctic region of the globe is of special importance for a wide range of studies of global change. The IGBP research activities needing special focus for global change should be multidisciplinary, should involve both the geosphere and the biosphere, and should be of global as well as local interest. There are a number of important Antarctic research topics which fit these criteria.A decrease of Antarctic sea ice has a positive feedback on global warming. Reduction in the sea ice also impacts on deep ocean circulation and can give a positive feedback to the increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide by the reduction of a deep ocean sink. Changes in the mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet impact on global sea level. A unique historic record of past climate and global environmental changes is being obtained from deep core drilling in the Antarctic ice sheet. Decreases of stratospheric ozone are most pronounced over the Antarctic in spring. The impact of increases in ultraviolet radiation on the biosphere can be studied in the Antarctic as a precurser to possible changes developing elsewhere around the globe. Changes in the atmosphere and ocean circulations resulting from the decrease in Antarctic sea ice cover can have important effects on ocean surface temperatures which impact on the climates of the continents.These topics are discussed briefly and a number of Antarctic research areas are highlighted which build on existing or planned international programmes and which can make critical contributions to multidisciplinary studies of global change.     

Spatial patterns and environmental drivers of benthic infaunal community structure and ecosystem function on the New Zealand continental margin

To investigate regional drivers of spatial patterns in macro- and meio-faunal community structure (abundance, biomass and taxonomic diversity) and ecosystem function (sediment community oxygen consumption [SCOC]), we sampled two regions in close proximity on New Zealand's continental margin—the Chatham Rise and the Challenger Plateau. Sites (n = 15) were selected in water depths ranging from 266–1212 m to generate a gradient in sedimentary properties and, in particular, surface pelagic productivity. Both macro- and meio-fauna abundance and biomass was 2–3.5 times higher on the Chatham Rise than on the Challenger Plateau, reflecting regional differences in pelagic primary production. We also found significant inter- and intra-regional differences in macro-fauna taxonomic diversity with two distinctive site groupings in each region. Univariate and multivariate measures of macro-fauna community attributes were most strongly correlated with sediment photosynthetic pigment (explaining 24%–59% of the variation). Sediment pigment content was as equally important in explaining meio-fauna community structure (36%–7%). Unlike community structure, SCOC was most strongly correlated with depth (44%), most likely reflecting temperature effects on benthic metabolism. Our results highlight the importance of a benthic labile food supply in structuring infaunal communities on continental margins and emphasise a tight coupling between pelagic and benthic habitats.     

辽河盆地右行走滑构造运动新证据——基于岩样显微扫描电镜实验结果

依据7块岩样显微扫描电镜实验结果,报道辽河盆地早第三系东营期右行走滑构造运动的重要地质证据.认为辽河盆地早第三系东营期发生过右行走滑构造运动,裂谷后的右行走滑构造运动导致早期拉张断层系可以重新运动,并形成新的断层系.研究成果表明,右行走滑构造运动是辽河盆地复杂构造演化史中的主要地质事件之一,有效地控制了盆地中的断裂体系的格局.早第三系东营期右行走滑构造运动,影响和控制了盆地中油气的运移和聚集.     

基于TerraSuite的网络化三维空间信息平台的构建

介绍了基于TerraSuite的三维影像平台,分析了结合TerraSuite与ArcGIS软件实现网络化三维平台的可行性,构建了基于TerraSuite与ArcGIS的网络化三维空间信息平台。     

藏北羌塘盆地侏罗纪含颗石藻黑色岩系地球化学特征与地质意义

藏北羌塘盆地侏罗系发育一套富含有机质的黑色岩系,化石较为丰富而倍受地质学家关注。本文选择双湖地区毕洛错剖面,从有机地球化学和元素地球化学方面分析富含颗石藻黑色岩系特征。研究表明,研究区黑色岩系有机碳含量为2.84%~3.71%,氯仿沥青"A"含量为0.18%~0.29%。有机质类型为Ⅱ1型,母质主要来源于浮游生物及少量陆生植物,Tmax为429~435℃,显示该套岩系处于未成熟阶段。研究区样品的主量元素Si、Al、Ca等元素较富集,表明该套黑色岩系以陆源碎屑输入为主;V/Cr、U/Th、Ni/Co、V/(Ni+V)特征比值、U和Mo的富集以及Eu和Ce无明显异常,反映了该套黑色岩系主要沉积在弱还原环境,有利于有机质保存。以上研究表明,研究区含颗石藻黑色岩系为较好的烃源岩,保存条件较好,可以作为进一步勘探开发的有利烃源岩层。     

武汉市地理国情监测方案部署方法研究

在第一次地理国情普查成果数据的基础上,武汉市开展了地理国情动态监测。本文结合武汉市国情监测项目实施过程,对地理国情监测方案的流程框架进行了阐述,针对重要技术难点进行了探讨,为将来开展常态化地理国情监测提供了技术支撑,以保证其按时、快速、高效地完成。     

Effect of Carbonation and Drying-Wetting Cycles on Chloride Diffusion Behavior of Coral Aggregate Seawater Concrete

Based on seawater immersion,drying-wetting cycles,carbonation and drying-wetting cycles for coral aggregate sea-water concrete(CASC)with different strength grades,the effect of carbonation and drying-wetting cycles on chloride diffusion be-havior of CASC is studied.The results show that the free surface chloride concentration(Cs),free chloride diffusion coefficient(Df)and time-dependent index(m)of CASC in the drying-wetting cycles is obviously higher than that in seawater immersion.The Df and m of CASC of carbonation and drying-wetting cycles is higher than that in the drying-wetting cycles.Carbonation increases the Df and m of CASC,which is against CASC to resist chloride corrosion.The corrosion possibility of CASC structures in different ex-posed areas is as follows:splash zone(carbonation and drying-wetting cycles)>tidal zone(drying-wetting cycles)>underwater zone(seawater immersion).Besides,the chloride diffusion rate of C65-CASC is 17.8%-63.4%higher than that of C65-ordinary aggre-gate concrete(OAC)in seawater immersion(underwater zone).Therefore,anti-corrosion measures should be adopted to improve the service life of CASC structure in the oceanic environment.