层结流体中具有纬向基本剪切流的Rossby波振幅的mKdV方程

In this paper,modified Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV) equations for the amplitude of solitary Rossby waves in stratified fluids with a zonal shear flow are derived by using a weakly nonlinear method.It is found that the coefficients of mKdV equations depend not only on the β effect and the Visl-Brunt frequency,but also on the basic shear flow.     

Use of electrophoresis for transporting nano-iron in porous media

Research has been conducted to evaluate if electrophoresis could transport surface stabilized nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) through fine grained sand with the intent of remediating a contaminant in situ. The experimental procedure involved determining the transport rates of polymer modified nZVI and hematite in fine grained sands under an applied electrical gradient under different physical and chemical conditions. Results indicated transport of polymer modified nZVI and hematite can be accomplished by electrophoresis, with rates found to be much higher than diffusion alone and comparable to those predicted by electrokinetic theory. This study indicates there is potential for this method to deliver polymer modified nZVI into contaminated zones within fine grained sands for the purpose of remediation.     

Isotope-ratio-monitoring gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: methods for isotopic calibration

In trial analyses of a series of n-alkanes, precise determinations of 13C contents were based on isotopic standards introduced by five different techniques and results were compared. Specifically, organic-compound standards were coinjected with the analytes and carried through chromatography and combustion with them; or CO2 was supplied from a conventional inlet and mixed with the analyte in the ion source, or CO2 was supplied from an auxiliary mixing volume and transmitted to the source without interruption of the analyte stream. Additionally, two techniques were investigated in which the analyte stream was diverted and CO2 standards were placed on a near-zero background. All methods provided accurate results. Where applicable, methods not involving interruption of the analyte stream provided the highest performance (sigma = 0.00006 at.% 13C or 0.06% for 250 pmol C as CO2 reaching the ion source), but great care was required. Techniques involving diversion of the analyte stream were immune to interference from coeluting sample components and still provided high precision (0.0001 < or = sigma < or = 0.0002 at.% or 0.1 < or = sigma < or = 0.2%).     

温室气体排放对全球变暖的相对贡献

在过去几年,许多研究者注意到大量的痕量气体的浓度增加对气候的联合效应可能赶上甚至超过浓度日益增加的二氧化碳的效应。这些痕量气体主要是甲烷、一氧化二氮和含氯氟烃类,在浓度上比二氧化碳低2～6个数量级,然而它们每个分子吸收红外辐射的能力比二氧化碳强得多。实际上,一项最新研究表明,痕量气体是1980—1990年辐射作用项增加43％的主要原因。需要一个比较各种“温室”气体排放对全球变暖相对贡献的指数,以便确定限制这种变暖的有效对策。在特殊时期内,对附加温室作用项贡献的估计完全没有考虑重要的温室气体在大气中驻留时间上的差异。这里,我们通过提出甲烷、一氧化碳、一氧化二氮和含氯氟烃类相对于二氧化碳的全球变暖潜力指数,将目前的工作扩展到卤化碳的领域。例如,我们发现每摩尔甲烷的全球变暖潜力为二氧化碳的3.7倍。据此,与80年代辐射作用增加57％相对应,现在的温室气体排放引起的全球变暖的80％是二氧化碳的排放造成的。     

溶解有机碳浓度的深海梯度

从全球大洋的许多站位采集了深水样品。以Ｓａｒｇａｓｓｏ海的深层水为参考,测定了溶解有机碳（ＤＯＣ）浓度。冰岛海域的浓度最高（４８±０．３μＭＣ）,至北大西洋的４８°Ｎ和３２°Ｎ分别降至４１．５±０．４和４３．６±０．３μＭ。环极海流（６１°Ｓ）和罗期...     

河南灵宝文峪金矿矿床地质特征及505号脉矿化富集规律探讨

本文试图从宏观与微观的结合上,探讨文峪金矿矿床地质特征及重点矿脉的矿化富集规律,为成矿预测提供科学依据。区域地质概述 小秦岭金矿带出露地层为太古代太华群,其原岩经恢复为粉砂岩、石英砂岩以及海底喷发的基性火山岩。研究表明岩石随着区域变质程度加深而含金量逐渐降低。向西倾伏的复背斜和NWW、NE、NNW向断裂发育,构成区域构造格架。酸性岩浆侵入活动先后四期,其中以燕山期侵入体规模最大。矿床地质特征     

1992年加州半德斯地震的前震序列及对地震起始的推断

１９９２年６月２８日加州兰德期地震震前有一个７小时的前震序列，它至少由２８个地震组成，在这次研究中，我们根据附近台站记录的地震波形互相关的高精度定位，对几何条件和时间进程进行了仔细胞调查。在兰德斯地震中，确定出现了这情况，虽然不均匀的尺度很少，以用常规定位技术都无法确定。